| 000 | 07955nam a22004933i 4500 | ||
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| 001 | EBC3377498 | ||
| 003 | MiAaPQ | ||
| 005 | 20240729125313.0 | ||
| 006 | m o d | | ||
| 007 | cr cnu|||||||| | ||
| 008 | 240724s1995 xx o ||||0 eng d | ||
| 020 |
_a9780309568814 _q(electronic bk.) |
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| 020 | _z9780309090179 | ||
| 035 | _a(MiAaPQ)EBC3377498 | ||
| 035 | _a(Au-PeEL)EBL3377498 | ||
| 035 | _a(CaPaEBR)ebr10071529 | ||
| 035 | _a(CaONFJC)MIL21088 | ||
| 035 | _a(OCoLC)940510376 | ||
| 040 |
_aMiAaPQ _beng _erda _epn _cMiAaPQ _dMiAaPQ |
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| 050 | 4 | _aQH76 .S38 1995 | |
| 082 | 0 | _a333.9516/0973 | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | _aScience and the Endangered Species Act. |
| 250 | _a1st ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 |
_aWashington, D.C. : _bNational Academies Press, _c1995. |
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| 264 | 4 | _c©1995. | |
| 300 | _a1 online resource (288 pages) | ||
| 336 |
_atext _btxt _2rdacontent |
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| 337 |
_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia |
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| 338 |
_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier |
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| 505 | 0 | _aScience and the Endangered Species Act -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PRESENT STUDY -- EXTINCTIONS -- THE SPECIES CONCEPT -- HABITAT -- RECOVERY -- CONSERVATION CONFLICTS BETWEEN SPECIES -- ESTIMATING RISK -- MAKING ESA DECISIONS IN THE FACE OF UNCERTAINTY -- TIMING -- BEYOND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT -- SCIENCE, POLICY, AND THE ESA -- 1 Introduction -- HISTORY -- THE PRESENT STUDY -- REFERENCES -- 2 Species Extinctions -- EXTINCTIONS OVER GEOLOGICAL TIME -- PREHISTORIC HUMAN IMPACT ON CONTINENTAL ECOSYSTEMS -- PREHISTORIC HUMAN IMPACT ON ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS -- RELATING THE PAST TO THE PRESENT -- Ecosystem Degradation and Restoration -- Rates of Extinction -- Habitat Loss -- Introduced Species -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Species Definitions and the Endangered Species Act -- HISTORICAL USE OF THE TERM SPECIES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT -- Introduction -- Zoological Interpretations of Species -- Botanical Interpretations of Species -- HISTORY OF SPECIES CONCEPTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT -- Species Concepts -- Taxonomic Units Below the Rank of Species -- A CONCEPT OF SPECIES FOR THE PURPOSES OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT -- Introduction -- Evolutionary Units and Their Identification -- Species and Subspecies -- Distinct Population Segments -- Distinctiveness -- Genetic Isolation -- Geographic and Temporal Isolation -- Behavioral and Reproductive Isolation -- Examples of Circumscription of Evolutionary Units -- The Fate of Hybrids under the Evolutionary Unit Concept -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 4 The Role of Habitat Conservation and Recovery Planning -- THE IMPORTANCE OF HABITAT -- THE ROLE OF HABITAT CONSERVATION UNDER THE ESA -- CRITICAL HABITAT AND FEDERAL ACTIVITIES -- Survival Habitat. | |
| 505 | 8 | _aPRIVATE ACTIVITIES AND HABITAT CONSERVATION PLANNING -- Habitat-Conservation Plans -- RECOVERY PLANNING -- NATURAL COMMUNITY CONSERVATION PROGRAM AND COASTAL SAGE SCRUB COMMUNITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA -- HABITAT-RELATED STANDARDS -- Public and Private Lands and Actions -- Survival and Recovery -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Modern Perspectives of Habitat -- LANDSCAPES AND POPULATIONS -- SOURCES AND SINKS -- METAPOPULATIONS -- SPATIALLY EXPLICIT MODELS -- A SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE AND POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Conservation Conflicts Between Species -- INTERACTIONS OF SPECIES IN NATURE -- NORTHERN GOSHAWK AND MEXICAN SPOTTED OWL -- WINTER-RUN CHINOOK SALMON AND DELTA SMELT -- BACHMAN'S SPARROW AND RED-COCKADED WOODPECKER -- MARINE MAMMALS AND SALMONIDS -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Estimating Risk -- ESTIMATING THE RISK OF EXTINCTION -- SOURCES OF RISK -- Random Demographic Changes -- Random Environmental Changes -- Catastrophes -- Accumulation of Deleterious Genetic Factors -- Loss of Adaptive Variation Within Populations -- Habitat Fragmentation -- Supplementation -- FOCUSING CONSERVATION EFFORTS -- DISTRIBUTION OF EXTINCTION TIMES -- LIMITATIONS OF OUR ABILITY TO ESTIMATE RISK -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Making ESA Decisions in the Face of Uncertainty -- DECISIONS REQUIRED UNDER THE ESA -- THE NEED FOR NEW APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING -- PROVIDING OBJECTIVE RISK STANDARDS -- Developing Quantitative Risk Standards -- Time Frame for Estimating Risk of Extinction -- Listing Systems Based on Objective Criteria and Rules -- Limitations on Estimates of Risk -- Limits of Models -- Poor Understanding of Cumulative Effects and Thresholds -- Should Different Risk Standards Apply to Different ESA Decisions? -- Endangered, Threatened, Recovered. | |
| 505 | 8 | _aDifferent Taxa -- Public Versus Private Land -- USING STRUCTURED APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING -- Using Subjective Probability and Expert Opinion -- Linking Science and Values -- Scientific Uncertainty in ESA Decisions -- Estimating Uncertain Quantities -- Reducing Uncertainty by Gathering Information -- Types of Errors -- Burden of Proof -- Statistical Errors -- Cumulative Effects/Thresholds -- Listing Decisions -- Reducing Asymmetry of Risk for Listed Species -- Making Tradeoffs Among Competing Objectives -- Resolving Conflicts Among Interest Groups -- Implementing Structured Approaches in the Agencies -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Areas of Scientific Uncertainty -- ECOSYSTEM-BASED PROTECTION -- Ecosystem Management -- INADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE OF SPECIES AND THEIR ROLES IN ECOSYSTEMS -- ESTIMATION OF THE RISK OF EXTINCTION -- Current Limitations of Existing Theory -- Intrinsic Limits of Extinction Models -- LACK OF BASIC INFORMATION -- Dynamics of Natural Populations -- Systematics -- Do Minimum Viable Population Sizes Exist? -- THE PROTECTION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY -- Uncertainty Regarding Future Adaptive Challenges to Species -- FEASIBLE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES -- The Spatial Structure of Reserves -- Corridors and Edge Effects -- Reconstruction of Habitat -- Consequences of Captive Breeding and Supplementation -- Global Environmental Change -- VALUING RARITY -- REFERENCES -- 10 Beyond the Endangered Species Act -- IS THE ESA WORKING? -- REDUCING EXTINCTION -- RECOVERY SUCCESS -- PROTECTION OF ECOSYSTEMS -- THE FUTURE: BEYOND THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT -- SCIENCE, POLICY, AND THE ESA -- REFERENCES -- Appendixes -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Endangered Species Act of 1973 -- Table of Contents -- Endangered Species Act of 1973 -- Findings, Purposes, and Policy -- Definitions. | |
| 505 | 8 | _aDetermination of Endangered Species and Threatened Species -- Land Acquisition -- Cooperation with the States -- Interagency Cooperation -- International Cooperation -- Convention Implementation -- Prohibited Acts -- Exceptions -- Penalties and Enforcement -- Endangered Plants -- Conforming Amendments -- Repealer -- Authorization of Appropriations -- Effective Date -- Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 -- Annual Cost Analysis by the Fish and Wildlife Service -- Appendix C Biographical Information on Committee Members -- Chair -- Members -- Staff -- Index. | |
| 588 | _aDescription based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources. | ||
| 590 | _aElectronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries. | ||
| 650 | 0 | _aEndangered species-United States. | |
| 650 | 0 | _aEndangered species-Law and legislation-United States. | |
| 650 | 0 | _aHabitat conservation-United States. | |
| 650 | 0 | _aHabitat conservation-Law and legislation-United States. | |
| 655 | 4 | _aElectronic books. | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 |
_iPrint version: _a _tScience and the Endangered Species Act _dWashington, D.C. : National Academies Press,c1995 _z9780309090179 |
| 797 | 2 | _aProQuest (Firm) | |
| 856 | 4 | 0 |
_uhttps://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/orpp/detail.action?docID=3377498 _zClick to View |
| 999 |
_c84950 _d84950 |
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