000			07738nam a22004933i 4500
001			EBC3019941
003			MiAaPQ
005			20240729124129.0
006			m o d |
007			cr cnu||||||||
008			240724s2009 xx o ||||0 eng d
020			_a9781617282133 _q(electronic bk.)
020			_z9781606929148
035			_a(MiAaPQ)EBC3019941
035			_a(Au-PeEL)EBL3019941
035			_a(CaPaEBR)ebr10674949
035			_a(OCoLC)923661830
040			_aMiAaPQ _beng _erda _epn _cMiAaPQ _dMiAaPQ
050		4	_aHG3755 -- .C74 2009eb
082	0		_a368/.0920973
100	1		_aTarlington, Martin H.
245	1	0	_aCredit-Based Insurance Scores : _bImpacts on Consumers of Automobile Insurance.
250			_a1st ed.
264		1	_aHauppauge : _bNova Science Publishers, Incorporated, _c2009.
264		4	_c©2009.
300			_a1 online resource (165 pages)
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
505	0		_aIntro -- CREDIT-BASED INSURANCE SCORES: IMPACTS ON CONSUMERS OF AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE -- CREDIT-BASED INSURANCE SCORES: IMPACTS ON CONSUMERS OF AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE* -- Chapter 1 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Chapter 2 II. INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 3 III. DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF CREDIT-BASED INSURANCE SCORES -- A. BACKGROUND AND HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE -- B. DEVELOPMENT OF CREDIT-BASED INSURANCE SCORES -- C. USE OF CREDIT-BASED INSURANCE SCORES -- D. STATE RESTRICTIONS ON SCORES -- Chapter 4 IV. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREDIT HISTORY AND RISK -- A. CORRELATION BETWEEN CREDIT HISTORY AND RISK -- 1. Prior Research -- 2. Commission Research -- a. FTC Database -- b. Other Data Sources -- B. POTENTIAL CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN SCORES AND RISK -- Chapter 5 V. EFFECT OF CREDIT-BASED INSURANCE SCORES ON PRICE AND AVAILABILITY -- A. CREDIT-BASED INSURANCE SCORES AND CROSS-SUBSIDIZATION -- 1. Possible Impact on Car Ownership -- 2. Possible Impact on Uninsured Driving -- 3. Adverse Selection -- B. OTHER POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CREDIT-BASED INSURANCE SCORES -- C. EFFECTS ON RESIDUAL MARKETS FOR AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE -- Chapter 6 VI. EFFECTS OF SCORES ON PROTECTED CLASSES OF CONSUMERS -- A. Credit-Based Insurance Scores and Racial, Ethnic, and Income Groups -- 1. Difference in Scores Across Groups -- 2. Possible Reasons for Differences in Scores Across Groups -- 3. Impact of Differences in Scores on Premiums Paid -- a. Effect on those for whom Scores Were Available -- b. Effect on Those for Whom Scores Were Not Available -- B. SCORES AS A PROXY FOR RACE AND ETHNICITY -- 1. Do Scores Act Solely as a Proxy for Race, Ethnicity, or Income? -- 2. Differences in Average Risk by Race, Ethnicity, and Income -- 3. Controlling for Race, Ethnicity, and Income to Test for a Proxy Effect -- a. Existence of a Proxy Effect.
505	8		_ab. Magnitude of a Proxy Effect -- Chapter 7 VII. ALTERNATIVE SCORING MODELS -- A. THE FTC BASELINE MODEL -- B. ALTERNATIVE SCORING MODELS -- 1. "Race Neutral" Scoring Models -- 2. Model Discounting Variables with Large Differences by Race and Ethnicity -- Chapter 8 VIII. CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX A. TEXT OF SECTION 215 OF THE FACT ACT -- SEC. 215. STUDY OF EFFECTS OF CREDIT SCORES AND CREDIT- BASED INSURANCE SCORES ON AVAILABILITY AND AFFORDABILITY OF FINANCIAL PRODUCTS -- APPENDIX B. REQUESTS FOR PUBLIC COMMENT -- FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION -- SUMMARY -- DATES -- ADDRESSES -- FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT -- SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION -- I. Background -- II. Request for Comments -- FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION -- SUMMARY -- DATES -- ADDRESSES -- FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT -- SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION -- I. Background -- II. Request for Comments -- A. Credit Scores and Credit -- B. Credit-Based Insurance Scores and Property and Casualty Insurance -- APPENDIX C. THE AUTOMOBILE POLICY DATABASE -- C.1. THE EPIC DATABASE -- C.2. THE FTC DATABASE -- C.2. 1. Additional Information Obtained for the Full Sample -- Core Policy Data and ChoicePoint Credit Scores -- Geographic Location Information and Census Data -- Choice Point Credit History Variables -- CLUE Data -- Hispanic Surname Match -- Vehicle Characteristics -- C.2.2. Additional Information Obtained for a Sub-Sample of 400,000 -- FICO Scores -- SSA Data on Race, Ethnicity, National Origin, and Gender -- APPENDIX D. MODELING AND ANALYSIS DETAILS -- D. 1. INTERMEDIATE ANALYSIS AND DATA PREPARATION -- D. 1.1. Using Race and Ethnicity Data -- D. 1.2. Nationally Representative Weighting -- D. 1.3. The Modeling Sample -- D.2. THE RISK MODELS -- D.2. 1. Generalized Linear Models[166] -- D.2.1.1.Modeling "Frequency" -- D.2.1.2. Modeling "Severity".
505	8		_aD.2.1.3. Modeling Total Claims Cost ("Pure Premiums") -- D.2.2. Bootstrapping Significance Tests -- D.2.3. Variables Used in the Risk Models -- Credit-Based Insurance Score Decile -- Race/Ethnicity -- Tract-Level Income -- Age / Gender / Marital Status -- Territorial Risk -- CLUE Data -- CLUE Data - Prior Uninsured Motorist / Underinsured Motorist Claims -- CLUE Data - Prior Bodily Injury / Property Damage Claims -- CLUE Data - Prior Collision / Medical Payments / Personal Injury Claims -- CLUE Data - Prior Comprehensive-Only Claims -- CLUE Data - Prior Towing and Labor-Only Claims -- CLUE Data - Prior Rental Reimbursement Claims -- Number of Accidents -- Number of Violations -- Tenure -- Property Damage Liability Limits -- Bodily Injury Liability Limits -- State Minimums -- Collision Deductible -- Comprehensive Deductible -- Annual Mileage -- Principal / Occasional Driver -- Use -- Homeowner -- Multi-line Discount -- Multi-Car -- State -- Model Year -- Body Type -- Restraint System -- Displacement -- APPENDIX E. THE SCORE BUILDING PROCEDURES -- E. 1. DEVELOPING THE FTC BASE MODEL -- E.2. DEVELOPING "RACE NEUTRAL" MODELS -- E.3. DISCOUNTING VARIABLES FOR DIFFERENCES ACROSS RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS -- APPENDIX F. ROBUSTNESS CHECKS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE ANALYSIS -- F.1. LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA AND THE ANALYSIS -- No Information on People who did not Obtain Insurance -- Single National Model -- Pooled Company Data -- Sub-Sample of Industry -- Territorial Risk Variable -- F.2. ROBUSTNESS CHECKS -- FICO Score -- No Nationally Representative Weights -- Outliers -- Full-Sample Models -- Census-Only Race and Ethnicity Data -- Absolute Income Measure -- Race and Ethnicity Imputation Cut-Offs -- High-Risk Sub-Group -- Estimating Total Losses by Modeling Frequency and Severity Separately -- Single Combined-Coverage Model -- "Tiering".
505	8		_aNumber of Score Categories -- Number of Geographic Risk Categories -- REFERENCES -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION -- Bureau of Economics -- Bureau of Consumer Protection -- Analysis Team -- Other Contributors -- INDEX -- Blank Page.
588			_aDescription based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
590			_aElectronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
650		0	_aConsumer credit -- United States.
650		0	_aCredit scoring systems -- United States.
650		0	_aDiscrimination in insurance -- United States.
650		0	_aAutomobile insurance -- United States.
655		4	_aElectronic books.
776	0	8	_iPrint version: _aTarlington, Martin H. _tCredit-Based Insurance Scores: Impacts on Consumers of Automobile Insurance _dHauppauge : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated,c2009 _z9781606929148
797	2		_aProQuest (Firm)
856	4	0	_uhttps://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/orpp/detail.action?docID=3019941 _zClick to View
999			_c60591 _d60591