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| 008 | 240724s2017 xx o ||||0 eng d | ||
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_a9781782252511 _q(electronic bk.) |
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| 020 | _z9781841138268 | ||
| 035 | _a(MiAaPQ)EBC1936318 | ||
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| 050 | 4 | _aKJE6791 -- .R453 2015eb | |
| 082 | 0 | _a343.24087 | |
| 100 | 1 | _aReid, Emily. | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 |
_aBalancing Human Rights, Environmental Protection and International Trade : _bLessons from the EU Experience. |
| 250 | _a1st ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 |
_aLondon : _bBloomsbury Publishing Plc, _c2017. |
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| 264 | 4 | _c©2015. | |
| 300 | _a1 online resource (366 pages) | ||
| 336 |
_atext _btxt _2rdacontent |
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| 337 |
_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia |
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| 338 |
_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier |
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| 490 | 1 | _aStudies in International Trade and Investment Law Series | |
| 505 | 0 | _aCover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Table of Cases -- Tables of Legislation -- 1. Introduction: The Purpose and Frame of this Inquiry -- I. Introduction -- A. The Objectives of this Book -- B. Why Human Rights and the Environment? -- C. The Significance of the EU Experience -- i. The Relevance of the EU Experience for the WTO -- D. The Starting Point for this Inquiry: Pragmatism Rather than Ideology -- E. Framing the Inquiry: Sustainable Development and Proportionality -- i. Sustainable Development -- ii. The Principle of Proportionality -- II. Structure of the Book -- PART I: THE EU EXPERIENCE -- 2. The Emergence of Human Rights and Environmental Protection in the EU -- Introduction -- I. The Protection of Human Rights in the EU -- A. The Emergence of EU Human Rights Protection: A Chronological Account -- i. The Treaty of Rome (1957) -- ii. The Single European Act (1986) -- iii. The Treaty on European Union (1992) -- iv. The Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) -- v. The Treaty of Nice (2001) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights for the European Union -- vi. The Treaty of Lisbon (2007) -- B. The Coming of Age of EU Human Rights: 2000- -- i. Issues Raised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights -- ii. The Significance of the Role of the Court of Justice -- C. EU Human Rights Protection and the International Legal Order -- i. EU Law in the International Legal Order: The Kadi Case -- ii. The View of the ECHR Regarding EU Fundamental Rights -- iii. The Impact of Kadi and Kadi II -- D. Human Rights in the EU: Conclusions -- II. The Protection of the Environment in the EU -- A. The Emergence of EU Environmental Protection: A Chronological Account -- i. The Treaty of Rome (1957) -- ii. The Single European Act (1986): The Foundations of a More Proactive Environmental Policy -- iii. The Treaty on European Union (1992). | |
| 505 | 8 | _aiv. The Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) -- v. The Treaty of Nice (2001) -- vi. The Treaty of Lisbon (2007) -- B. Fundamental Principles in EU Environmental Law and Policy -- i. Subsidiarity -- ii. Sustainability: The Sustainable Development Strategy -- iii. Duty of Integration -- iv. Proportionality -- v. The Precautionary Principle -- C. Looking Forward: The Emerging Significance of Sectoral Environmental Objectives (post-2007) -- i. The Seventh Environmental Action Programme (2013) -- ii. Climate Change and Energy -- iii. The Emergence of New Approaches to Governance -- iv. The Benefits of Participatory, Deliberative Approaches: The Kosterhavet National Park -- D. EU Environmental Policy: Conclusions -- i. The Development of Secondary EC Environmental Legislation -- ii. Legal Basis for Measures Including an Environmental Element -- III. Human Rights and Environmental Protection in the EU: Conclusions -- 3. The Standing of Human Rights and Environmental Protection in the EU Legal Order -- Introduction -- I. Regulating the Interface between Economic and Non-economic Interests: The Rules of the Internal Market -- A. Human Rights and the Fundamental Freedoms -- i. Schmidberger: Introducing a Sustainable Development-Based Approach -- B. Environmental Protection and the Fundamental Freedoms -- i. Environmental Protection as a Justification for Restriction of Movement -- II. Human Rights and Environmental Protection as Free-Standing Objectives? -- A. Remedies and Case Law -- i. The System of Remedies -- ii. Environmental Protection: A Ground of Review? -- iii. Non-economic Interests and the Test for Standing -- iv. Greenpeace -- v. The Lisbon Treaty Amendment to the Test for Standing of Natural and Legal Persons -- B. Access to Justice: The Aarhus Convention. | |
| 505 | 8 | _aIII. Conclusions: The Significance of Sustainable Development and Proportionality in Balancing the EU's Economic and Non-economic Interests -- A. Balancing Interests: The Need for Proportionality -- B. The Emergence of the Two-Way Application of the Proportionality Test -- C. The Two-Way Application of Proportionality as an Operationalisation of Sustainable Development -- D. Enforcement of Non-economic Interests Outside the Context of the Internal Market Rules -- 4. The EU's Relations with Third States -- Introduction -- I. The Basis of External Competence of the EU -- A. Conferral: The Source of EU Powers -- B. The Position under the TEU -- i. The EC: The First Pillar of the EU -- ii. The CFSP: The Second Pillar of the EU -- iii. The Distinction between EC and EU Competences -- C. The Post-Lisbon Position (2009-) -- II. The Exercise of EU Competence -- A. Legal Base: Competency to Undertake External Action -- i. Express Powers -- ii. Implied Powers -- iii. The Scope of Conferred Competence: Common Commercial Policy-Opinion 1/94 -- iv. Article 2(2) TFEU: Member State Competence Subordinate to EU Competence? -- v. Complementary Competence -- III. EU Competence in Relation to its Newer Objectives -- A. The Significance of Concurrent Powers -- B. The EU's External Competence: Environmental Protection -- C. External EU Competence: Human Rights -- i. The Limits of the Implied External Human Rights Competence -- ii. Internal Human Rights: Objective or Transverse Obligation? -- iii. The Distinction between an Obligation to Respect and a Power to Promote -- iv. The Basis of the Human Rights Clause in EU Agreements with Third States -- v. Case C-268/94 Portugal v Council and Commission of the European Community -- vi. The Lisbon Treaty Position: Essential Clarification -- IV. The Effect of International Agreements in EU Law. | |
| 505 | 8 | _aA. Direct Effect: A Necessary Condition for Reviewability of the Compatibility of EU Law with an International Agreement -- i. Direct Effect? A Two-Prong Test -- B. Unpacking the Jurisdiction of the Court of Justice to Review the Compatibility of EU Law with the EU's International Obligations -- i. Questions Concerning the Scope of the Court of Justice's Jurisdiction -- V. Concluding Comments -- A. The Nature of EU External Competence -- B. The Nature of EU External Competence in Respect of Human Rights and Environmental Protection -- C. The Emergence of External Competence as a Mirror of the Development of Internal Competence -- D. The Effect of the EU's External Commitments -- 5. Human Rights and Environmental Protection in the EU's Relations with Third States -- Introduction -- Structure of the Chapter -- I. Forms and Types of Agreement between the EU and Third States -- A. Trade Agreements -- B. Partnership and Cooperation Agreements -- C. Association Agreements -- i. Development Cooperation Agreements -- ii. The Europe Agreements -- iii. Other Association Agreements -- D. European Neighbourhood Policy -- E. Sectoral Agreements -- F. Interim Agreements -- II. The Emergence of the Human Rights and Democracy Clause: Lomé IV (1990) -- A. Article 366a: Introducing Human Rights Conditionality to Lomé (1995) -- B. The Cotonou Agreement (2000) -- C. The Human Rights and Democracy Clause in Agreements with Central and Eastern European States -- i. Ex Ante Human Rights Consideration -- ii. Human Rights Conditionality within Agreements with European States -- iii. The Substance of the Clause in Agreements with European States -- D. Universal Inclusion of the Human Rights Clause -- i. A Universal Policy with Varying Reference Points and Content -- E. Human Rights Conditionality and the EU GSP -- i. Positive Conditionality under the GSP. | |
| 505 | 8 | _aii. Negative Conditionality -- iii. Reform of the GSP -- iv. Temporary Withdrawal of GSP Benefits -- F. Sectoral Agreements -- G. External Opposition to Inclusion of the Human Rights Clause: Mexico and Australia -- i. Mexico -- ii. Australia -- H. Questions Regarding the Definition and Perception of Human Rights at Issue: A Truly Universal Policy? -- I. Continuing Resistance to Human Rights Conditionality -- J. Factors Influencing the Form and Strength of the Human Rights Clause -- III. EU Enforcement of the Human Rights Clause -- A. Meaningful Conditionality? The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with Russia -- B. Discretion and Consistency in Relation to the Human Rights Clause -- C. The Subsequent Challenge: Standing to Enforce the Clause? -- i. Mugraby v Council and Commission -- D. Reliance on the Exercise of Political Discretion in the Enforcement of the Human Rights Clause -- IV. The Protection of the Environment in the EU's Relations with Third States -- A. Development Cooperation Agreements -- i. The Cotonou Agreement -- ii. Environmental Protection in the Europe Agreements -- B. Partnership and Cooperation Agreements -- C. Cooperation Agreements -- D. Trade Agreements -- E. The Agreement with Mexico -- F. Australia -- G. The Emergence of an Integrative Approach: Sustainable Development in the EU's Agreements with Third States -- i. The Integration of the Environmental Dimension in Development -- V. Conclusions -- A. On Human Rights Conditionality -- B. On Environmental Protection -- C. The Significance of Relativity in the Pursuit of Noneconomic Interests in the EU's External Relations -- i. Mitigating the Charge of Imperialism -- ii. The Creation of Regulatory Space for the Protection of Non-economic Values -- D. EU External Policy as a Reflection of its Internal Policy. | |
| 505 | 8 | _aE. Lessons Which May Be Drawn from the EU's Experience in Reconciling the Pursuit of Economic and Non-economic Interests. | |
| 520 | _aThis book explores the means by which economic liberalisation can be reconciled with human rights and environmental protection in the regulation of international trade. | ||
| 588 | _aDescription based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources. | ||
| 590 | _aElectronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries. | ||
| 650 | 0 | _aForeign trade regulation -- European Union countries. | |
| 650 | 0 | _aInternational trade -- Environmental aspects. | |
| 650 | 0 | _aInternational trade -- Social aspects. | |
| 650 | 0 | _aHuman rights -- Economic aspects. | |
| 655 | 4 | _aElectronic books. | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 |
_iPrint version: _aReid, Emily _tBalancing Human Rights, Environmental Protection and International Trade _dLondon : Bloomsbury Publishing Plc,c2017 _z9781841138268 |
| 797 | 2 | _aProQuest (Firm) | |
| 830 | 0 | _aStudies in International Trade and Investment Law Series | |
| 856 | 4 | 0 |
_uhttps://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/orpp/detail.action?docID=1936318 _zClick to View |
| 999 |
_c46898 _d46898 |
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