Structural Geology : The Mechanics of Deforming Metamorphic Rocks.

Front Cover -- Copyright -- Structural Geology -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Further Reading -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 THE MULTISCALE NATURE OF DEFORMATION AND METAMORPHISM -- 1.2 MECHANICS, PROCESSES AND MECHANISMS -- 1.3 LINEAR AND NONLINEAR PROCESSES -- 1.4 WAVELET ANALYSIS -- 1.5 NOTATION, CONVENTIONS AND UNITS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Section A - The Mechanics of Deforming Solids: Overview of Section A -- Chapter 2 - Geometry: The Concept of Deformation -- 2.1 DEFORMATIONS -- 2.2 DISTORTION AND ROTATION -- 2.3 DEFORMATION AND STRAIN TENSORS AND MEASURES -- 2.4 DISTORTION AND VOLUME CHANGE -- 2.5 EXAMPLE 1: THE GEOMETRY OF A SIMPLE SHEAR DEFORMATION -- 2.6 PSEUDO PHASE PORTRAITS FOR AFFINE DEFORMATIONS -- 2.7 EXAMPLE 2: NON-AFFINE DEFORMATIONS -- 2.8 THE DEFORMATION ARISING FROM SLIP ON A SINGLE PLANE -- 2.9 INCREMENTAL STRAIN MEASURES -- 2.10 COMPATIBILITY OF DEFORMATIONS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 3 - Kinematics - Deformation Histories -- 3.1 THE MOVEMENT PICTURE AND THE MATERIAL DERIVATIVE -- 3.2 VELOCITY AND VELOCITY (OR FLOW) FIELDS -- 3.3 OTHER MEASURES OF THE KINEMATICS -- 3.4 RATE OF CHANGE OF DEFORMATION MEASURES -- 3.5 AN EXAMPLE OF A NON-AFFINE FLOW -- 3.6 KINEMATIC INDICATORS AND FLOW FIELDS -- 3.7 SOME IMPORTANT RELATIONS AND THEOREMS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 4 - The Balance Laws: Forces Involved in Deformation -- 4.1 GENERAL STATEMENT -- 4.2 CONSERVATION OF MASS -- 4.3 BALANCE OF LINEAR MOMENTUM -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 5 - Energy Flow - Thermodynamics -- 5.1 WHAT IS THERMODYNAMICS? -- 5.2 METAMORPHIC SYSTEMS -- 5.3 THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS -- 5.4 FOUR DIFFERENT STRANDS OF THE DEVELOPMENT FOR THERMODYNAMICS -- 5.5 SUMMARY OF THE NON-EQUILIBRIUM FRAMEWORK -- 5.6 STATE VARIABLES AND INTERNAL VARIABLES.

5.7 THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS -- 5.8 THE POTENTIALS: HELMHOLTZ AND GIBBS ENERGY FOR DEFORMING SOLIDS -- 5.9 THE DISSIPATION FOR A MATERIAL WITH INTERNAL VARIABLES -- 5.10 THE THERMO-MECHANICAL HEAT BALANCE EQUATION -- 5.11 ENTROPY PRODUCTION AND SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS -- 5.12 CONVEX AND NON-CONVEX POTENTIALS: MINIMISATION OF ENERGY -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 6 - Constitutive Relations -- 6.1 WHAT IS A CONSTITUTIVE RELATION? -- 6.2 WHY ARE CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS IMPORTANT? -- 6.3 THE FOUR BASIC FORMS OF CONSTITUTIVE BEHAVIOUR -- 6.4 THE RULES FOR CONSTRUCTING CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS -- 6.5 ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR -- 6.6 PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR -- 6.7 VISCOUS-PLASTIC-ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR -- 6.8 FLUIDS AND SOLIDS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 7 - Nonlinear Dynamics -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 PATTERNS IN METAMORPHIC ROCKS -- 7.3 SOME ARCHETYPE EXAMPLES -- 7.4 LINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS -- 7.5 CLASSIFICATION OF INSTABILITIES -- 7.6 BIFURCATIONS -- 7.7 ENERGY MINIMISATION AND THE GROWTH OF FRACTAL STRUCTURES -- 7.8 FRACTALS AND MULTIFRACTALS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Section B - Processes Involved in the Development of Geological Structures: Overview of Section B -- Chapter 8 - Brittle Flow -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION: WHAT ARE THE ISSUES AND PROBLEMS? WHAT DO WE MEAN BY BRITTLE AND DUCTILE? -- 8.2 THE MECHANICS OF PATTERN FORMATION DURING DEFORMATION -- 8.3 THE GEOMETRY AND PHYSICS OF FRACTURE -- 8.4 A KINEMATIC VIEW OF FRACTURE DEVELOPMENT -- 8.5 ACCOMMODATION MECHANISMS -- 8.6 BREAKAGE MECHANICS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 9 - Visco-Plastic Flow -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 THE MECHANICS OF CRYSTAL PLASTIC FLOW -- 9.3 DEFORMATION MECHANISMS IN POLYCRYSTALLINE AGGREGATES -- 9.4 THE GEOMETRY OF CRYSTAL DEFORMATION -- 9.5 THE FORMATION OF SUBGRAINS AND DEFORMATION BY GRAIN BOUNDARY MIGRATION.

9.6 COUPLED GRAIN BOUNDARY MIGRATION DURING DEFORMATION AND METAMORPHISM -- 9.7 CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 10 - Damage Evolution -- 10.1 PHENOMENOLOGY - WHAT IS DAMAGE? -- 10.2 A THERMODYNAMIC THEORY OF DAMAGE -- 10.3 DUCTILE DAMAGE -- 10.4 CRITICALITY AND PHASE TRANSITIONS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 11 - Transport of Heat -- 11.1 FOURIER'S LAW OF HEAT CONDUCTION: DIFFUSION OF HEAT -- 11.2 TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE DEPENDENCE OF CONDUCTIVITY -- 11.3 EQUATIONS OF HEAT TRANSPORT: TIMESCALES -- 11.4 INTERNAL HEAT PRODUCTION -- 11.5 TECTONIC MODELS OF THERMAL EVOLUTION -- 11.6 THE THERMODYNAMICS OF HEAT CONDUCTION, THERMAL EXPANSION AND ENTROPY PRODUCTION -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 12 - Fluid Flow -- 12.1 FLUID FLOW AND DEFORMATION/METAMORPHISM -- 12.2 TYPES OF FLUID FLOW -- 12.3 DRIVERS OF FLUID FLOW -- 12.4 FOCUSSING OF FLUID FLOW -- 12.5 CONVECTIVE FLOW -- 12.6 THE THERMODYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW. ENTROPY PRODUCTION. BEJAN'S POSTULATE -- 12.7 OVERVIEW OF CRUSTAL PLUMBING SYSTEMS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 13 - Microstructural Rearrangements -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION. WHY IS MICROSTRUCTURE IMPORTANT? -- 13.2 NORMAL GRAIN GROWTH. GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AND GRAIN SHAPES IN SINGLE PHASE AGGREGATES -- NO DEFORMATION -- 13.3 GRAIN RELATIONSHIPS IN POLYPHASE AGGREGATES -- 13.4 GRAIN SIZE GROWTH AND REDUCTION DURING DEFORMATION -- 13.5 CPO DEVELOPMENT -- 13.6 MECHANISMS OF DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLISATION -- 13.7 ANISOTROPY AND THE INFLUENCE OF ELASTIC ANISOTROPY AND FLOW STRESS ANISOTROPY ON LOCALISATION -- 13.8 CONTROLS ON MICROSTRUCTURE -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 14 - Mineral Reactions: Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Aspects -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.2 SOME PRELIMINARIES -- 14.3 DEFORMING METAMORPHIC SYSTEMS: A CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM VIEW.

14.4 MINERAL REACTIONS: SYSTEMS NOT AT EQUILIBRIUM -- 14.5 CHEMICAL DISSIPATION -- 14.6 SYNTHESIS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Chapter 15 - Models for Mineral Phase Nucleation and Growth -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 SOME DETAILED MODELS OF METAMORPHIC REACTIONS -- 15.3 HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION -- 15.4 STRESS-ASSISTED TRANSPORT -- 15.5 STRESSES GENERATED BY MINERAL GROWTH -- 15.6 AN EXAMPLE: PORPHYROBLAST FORMATION -- 15.7 SYNTHESIS -- Recommended Additional Reading -- Epilogue -- Appendix A - Commonly Used Symbols -- Appendix B - Vectors, Tensors and Matrices -- References -- Appendix C - Some Useful Mathematical Concepts and Relations -- C.1 THE CHAIN RULE OF DIFFERENTIATION -- C.2 ELLIPTIC, PARABOLIC, AND HYPERBOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS -- C3 THE TAYLOR EXPANSION -- C4 SOME USEFUL MATRIX RELATIONS -- References -- References -- Index.

Structural Geology is a groundbreaking reference that introduces you to the concepts of nonlinear solid mechanics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics in metamorphic geology, offering a fresh perspective on rock structure and its potential for new interpretations of geological evolution. This book stands alone in unifying deformation and metamorphism and the development of the mineralogical fabrics and the structures that we see in the field. This reflects the thermodynamics of systems not at equilibrium within the framework of modern nonlinear solid mechanics. The thermodynamic approach enables the various mechanical, thermal, hydrological and chemical processes to be rigorously coupled through the second law of thermodynamics, invariably leading to nonlinear behavior. The book also differs from others in emphasizing the implications of this nonlinear behavior with respect to the development of the diverse, complex, even fractal, range of structures in deformed metamorphic rocks. Building on the fundamentals of structural geology by discussing the nonlinear processes that operate during the deformation and metamorphism of rocks in the Earth's crust, the book's concepts help geoscientists and graduate-level students understand how these processes control or influence the structures and metamorphic fabrics-providing applications in hydrocarbon exploration, ore mineral exploration, and architectural engineering. Authored by two of the world's foremost experts in structural geology, representing more than 70 years of experience in research and instruction Nearly 300 figures, illustrations, working examples, and photographs reinforce key concepts and underscore major advances in structural geology.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.