Poisoning and Acidification of the Earth's Oceans.

Intro -- POISONING AND ACIDIFICATION OF THE EARTH'S OCEANS -- POISONING AND ACIDIFICATION OF THE EARTH'S OCEANS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 FEELY TESTIMONY ON OCEAN ACIDIFICATION -- INTRODUCTION -- OCEAN ACIDIFICATION -- EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON CORAL REEFS -- EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON FISH AND SHELLFISH -- EFFECTS ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS -- ECONOMIC IMPACTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- SELECTED REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 MARINE DEAD ZONES: UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- HYPOXIC AREAS -- Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone -- Impacts of the Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone on Fishing -- Chesapeake Bay -- Oregon Coast -- POLICY AND MANAGEMENT EFFORTS -- Appropriations and Funding -- National Ocean Service -- Department of Agriculture -- Environmental Protection Agency -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 OCEAN ACIDIFICATION -- SUMMARY -- WHAT IS OCEAN ACIDIFICATION? -- AT WHAT RATE IS OCEAN ACIDIFICATION OCCURRING AND WHAT FACTORS AFFECT THIS RATE? -- WHAT ARE SOME OF THE POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION?5 -- WHAT ARE THE NATURAL AND HUMAN RESPONSES THAT MIGHT LIMIT OR REDUCE OCEAN ACIDIFICATION? -- WHAT IS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DOING ABOUT OCEAN ACIDIFICATION? -- WHAT IS THE CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST IN OCEAN ACIDIFICATION? -- Author Contact Information -- End Notes -- Chapter 4 OCEAN DUMPING ACT: A SUMMARY OF THE LAW -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- REGULATING OCEAN DUMPING -- ENFORCEMENT -- RESEARCH AND COASTAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING -- End Notes -- Chapter 5 OIL SPILLS IN U.S. COASTAL WATERS: BACKGROUND, GOVERNANCE, AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Oil Spills in U.S. Coastal Waters -- Impacts of Oil Spills in Aquatic Environments -- Acute Impacts -- Chronic Impacts -- Ecosystem Recovery -- Economic Costs of Oil Spills -- Cleanup Costs -- Natural Resources Damages.

Other Economic Costs -- OIL SPILL GOVERNANCE -- Federal Authorities: Before and After the Exxon Valdez Spill -- Oil Pollution Act of 1990 -- Spill Response Authority -- National Contingency Plan -- Tank Vessel and Facility Response Plans -- Double-Hull Design for Vessels -- Liability Issues -- The Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund -- Financial Responsibility -- Other Federal Laws -- Clean Water Act -- Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act -- Pipeline Legislation -- Vessel Legislation -- International Conventions -- MARPOL 73/78 -- Intervention Convention -- Federal Agencies Responsibilities -- Response -- Prevention and Preparedness -- Federal Funding for the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund -- Background -- Potential Options -- Considerations for Policymakers -- State Laws -- THREAT OF FUTURE OIL SPILLS IN U.S. COASTAL WATERS -- Possibilities for Future Oil Spills -- U.S. Oil Imports and Possible Spills -- Domestic Oil Transportation and Possible Spills -- Level of Preparedness -- RECENT OIL SPILL INCIDENTS -- November 2007 Oil Spill in San Francisco Bay -- July 2008 Oil Spill into Mississippi River -- RECENT LEGISLATIVE ACTIVITY -- APPENDIX. ADDITIONAL STATISTICAL INFORMATION REGARDING OIL SPILLS -- Sources of Oil Inputs to U.S. Coastal Waters -- Spills from Facilities and Pipelines -- Spills from Oil Exploration and Production Operations -- End Notes -- Chapter 6 U.S. DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS IN THE OCEAN: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORY OF U.S. DISPOSAL OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS IN THE OCEAN -- CESSATION OF U.S. DISPOSAL IN THE OCEAN -- POTENTIAL RISKS FROM DISPOSAL IN THE OCEAN -- RELEVANT SCIENTIFIC STUDIES IN EUROPE AND RUSSIA -- RESPONSE OPTIONS AND ISSUES -- Locating Disposal Sites -- Identifying Weapons and Containers -- Retrieving Munitions for Onshore Disposal -- Remediating Contaminated Seawater -- Costs.

RESPONSE AUTHORITIES -- CERCLA -- Clean Water Act -- RCRA -- LEGISLATION ENACTED IN THE 109TH CONGRESS -- CONCLUSION -- End Notes -- CHAPTER SOURCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.