Liquefied Natural Gas : Security and Hazards.

Intro -- LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS:SECURITY AND HAZARDS -- LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS:SECURITY AND HAZARDS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- MARITIME SECURITY:PUBLIC SAFETY CONSEQUENCES OFA TERRORIST ATTACK ON A TANKERCARRYING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GASNEED CLARIFICATION* -- GAO -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- STUDIES IDENTIFIED DIFFERENT DISTANCESFOR THE HEAT EFFECTS OF AN LNG FIRE -- Some Studies Examined other Potential Hazards and IdentifiedTheir Impact on Public Safety -- EXPERTS GENERALLY AGREED THAT THE MOST LIKELYPUBLIC SAFETY IMPACT OF AN LNG SPILL IS FIRE'S HEATEFFECT, BUT THAT FURTHER STUDY IS NEEDEDTO CLARIFY THE EXTENT OF THIS EFFECT -- Experts Agreed that the Heat from an LNG Fire Was most Likelyto Affect Public Safety, but that Explosions from an LNG Spill AreUnlikely -- Experts Disagreed with a Few Key Conclusions of the SandiaNational Laboratories Study -- Experts Suggest Future Research Priorities to Determine the PublicSafety Impact of an LNG Spill -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATION FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I: SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: NAMES AND AFFILIATIONS OFMEMBERS OF GAO'S EXPERT PANELON LNG HAZARDS -- APPENDIX III: SUMMARY OF EXPERT PANEL RESULTS -- Introduction -- LNG Hazards -- Questions about the 2004 Sandia National Laboratories Study1 -- Commodity Comparison -- Future Research -- ENDNOTES -- MARITIME SECURITY: PUBLIC SAFETYCONSEQUENCES OF A LIQUEFIEDNATURAL GAS SPILLNEED CLARIFICATION* -- ABSTRACT -- BACKGROUND -- Studies Identified Different Distances for the Heat Effects of anLNG Fire, but Agreed on other LNG Hazards.

Experts Generally Agreed that the most Likely Public SafetyImpact of an LNG Spill Is the Heat Effect of a Fire, but thatFurther Study is Needed to Clarify the Extent of this Effect -- CONCLUSIONS -- LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)INFRASTRUCTURE SECURITY:ISSUES FOR CONGRESS* -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- What Is LNG? -- Expectations for U.S. LNG Growth -- OVERVIEW OF U.S. LNG INFRASTRUCTURE -- LNG Tanker Ships -- LNG Marine Terminals -- LNG Peak Shaving Plants -- LNG RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES -- Physical Hazards of LNG -- Safety Record of LNG -- LNG Security Risks -- FEDERAL LNG SECURITY INITIATIVES -- Security Activities of Federal Maritime Agencies -- Federal Pipeline and Chemical Security Agencies -- Federal Interagency Cooperation in LNG Security -- Industry Initiatives for Land-Based LNG Security -- KEY POLICY ISSUES IN LNG SECURITY -- Public Costs of LNG Marine Security -- Uncertainty about LNG Threats -- Foreign vs. U.S. LNG Tankers and Crews -- CONCLUSIONS -- ENDNOTES -- MARITIME SECURITY:OPPORTUNITIES EXIST TO FURTHER CLARIFYTHE CONSEQUENCES OF A LIQUEFIEDNATURAL GAS TANKER SPILL* -- ABSTRACT -- BACKGROUND -- Studies Identified Different Distances for the Heat Effects of anLNG Fire, but Agreed on other LNG Hazards -- Experts Generally Agreed that the most Likely Public SafetyImpact of an LNG Spill Is the Heat Effect of a Fire, but thatFurther Study Is Needed to Clarify the Extent of this Effect -- CONCLUSIONS -- INDEX.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.