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Anaphora Resolution and Text Retrieval : A Linguistic Analysis of Hypertexts.

By: Material type: TextTextSeries: Empirische Linguistik / Empirical Linguistics SeriesPublisher: Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter, Inc., 2015Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (318 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9783110416756
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Anaphora Resolution and Text RetrievalDDC classification:
  • 401/.456
LOC classification:
  • P299.A5 -- S36 2015eb
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Linguistic fundamentals of anaphors and anaphora -- 2.1 Basic definitions -- 2.2 The relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 2.2.1 Coreference -- 2.2.2 Substitution -- 2.2.3 Comparison of coreference and substitution -- 2.2.4 Sense relations -- 2.3 Related concepts: cataphora, endophora, exophora and deixis -- 2.3.1 Cataphora -- 2.3.2 Endophora and exophora -- 2.3.3 Deixis -- 2.4 Anaphors as cohesive devices in texts -- 2.4.1 Texts and their features -- 2.4.2 Cohesion -- 2.4.3 Cohesive devices as a form of reduction -- 2.5 Anaphors in the present book -- 3 Types of anaphors -- 3.1 Central pronouns -- 3.1.1 Personal pronouns -- 3.1.1.1 Subjective and objective forms -- 3.1.1.2 Person, number and gender -- 3.1.1.3 Anaphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.1.1.4 Cataphoric use -- 3.1.1.5 Relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.1.1.6 Summary -- 3.1.2 Possessive pronouns -- 3.1.2.1 Determinative and independent possessive pronouns -- 3.1.2.2 Person, number and gender -- 3.1.2.3 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.1.2.4 Relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.1.2.5 Summary -- 3.1.3 Reflexive pronouns -- 3.1.3.1 Basic and emphatic use -- 3.1.3.2 Person, number and gender -- 3.1.3.3 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.1.3.4 Summary -- 3.1.4 Summary of personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns -- 3.2 Reciprocal pronouns -- 3.2.1 Compound and split construction -- 3.2.2 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.2.3 Summary -- 3.3 Demonstrative pronouns -- 3.3.1 Dependent and independent demonstrative pronouns -- 3.3.2 Grammatical and referential aspects -- 3.3.3 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.3.4 Relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.3.5 Summary -- 3.4 Relative pronouns -- 3.4.1 Form and function.
3.4.2 Types of clauses and their anaphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.4.3 Further non-anaphoric uses -- 3.4.4 Gender and case -- 3.4.5 Summary -- 3.5 Adverbs -- 3.5.1 Here and there -- 3.5.2 Now and then -- 3.5.3 Where, when, while and why -- 3.5.4 Summary -- 3.6 Noun phrases with a definite article -- 3.6.1 Syntactic characteristics -- 3.6.2 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.6.3 The relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.6.4 Summary -- 3.7 Proper names -- 3.7.1 Proper names and proper nouns -- 3.7.2 Syntactic features -- 3.7.3 Anaphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.7.4 Summary -- 3.8 Indefinite pronouns -- 3.8.1 One and ones -- 3.8.2 Other, others and another -- 3.8.3 Both, all and each -- 3.8.4 Enough and several -- 3.8.5 Some and any -- 3.8.6 Either, neither and none -- 3.8.7 Many and much/more/most, few/fewer/fewest and little/less/least -- 3.8.8 Further non-anaphoric uses of all of-pronouns -- 3.8.9 Cataphoric use -- 3.8.10 Indefinite pronouns as elliptical forms -- 3.8.11 Summary -- 3.9 Other forms of coreference and substitution: the same, such and so -- 3.9.1 The same -- 3.9.2 Such -- 3.9.3 So -- 3.9.4 Cataphoric use -- 3.9.5 Summary -- 3.10 Verb phrases with do and combinations with so, this, that, it and the same (thing) -- 3.10.1 Simple forms with do -- 3.10.2 Complex forms with do -- 3.10.3 The form of the antecedent and cataphoric use -- 3.10.4 The relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.10.5 Summary -- 3.11 Ellipses -- 3.11.1 Types of ellipses -- 3.11.2 Non-anaphoric ellipsis -- 3.11.3 Summary -- 3.12 Non-finite clauses -- 3.12.1 To-infinitive clauses -- 3.12.1.1 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use with regard to clause and phrase functions -- 3.12.1.2 Further non-anaphoric uses -- 3.12.1.3 Summary -- 3.12.2 -ing-participle clauses.
3.12.2.1 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use with regard to clause and phrase functions -- 3.12.2.2 Further non-anaphoric uses -- 3.12.2.3 Summary -- 3.12.3 -ed-participle clauses -- 3.12.3.1 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use with regard to clause and phrase functions -- 3.12.3.2 Further non-anaphoric uses -- 3.12.3.3 Summary -- 3.12.4 Summary of to-infinitive, -ing-participle and -ed-participle clauses -- 3.13 Conclusion -- 4 Anaphors in hypertexts -- 4.1 Previous research -- 4.2 Hypertexts -- 4.2.1 What are hypertexts? -- 4.2.2 Cohesion and coherence in hypertexts -- 4.2.3 Linguistic characteristics of hypertexts -- 4.2.4 Classifications of hypertexts -- 4.3 Corpus of hypertexts -- 4.3.1 Corpus design -- 4.3.2 "Wikipedia" -- 4.3.3 "Blogs" -- 4.3.4 "(Traditional) Websites" -- 4.4 Results of the corpus analysis -- 4.4.1 Frequency of anaphors in the corpus -- 4.4.1.1 Distribution of the twelve anaphor types -- 4.4.1.2 Central pronouns -- 4.4.1.3 Reciprocal pronouns -- 4.4.1.4 Demonstrative pronouns -- 4.4.1.5 Relative pronouns -- 4.4.1.6 Adverbs -- 4.4.1.7 Proper names -- 4.4.1.8 Indefinite pronouns -- 4.4.1.9 Other forms of coreference and substitution -- 4.4.1.10 Verb phrases with do and combinations -- 4.4.1.11 Ellipses -- 4.4.1.12 Non-finite clauses -- 4.4.2 Ratio of items occurring anaphorically and non-anaphorically -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 5 Text retrieval and its handling of anaphors -- 5.1 What are text retrieval systems? -- 5.2 Text retrieval models -- 5.3 Evaluation of text retrieval results -- 5.4 Natural language processing methods in text retrieval -- 5.4.1 Sentence delimitation and tokenisation -- 5.4.2 Stop word detection -- 5.4.3 Stemming and lemmatisation -- 5.4.4 Part-of-speech tagging -- 5.4.5 Parsing -- 5.4.6 Natural language processing on the Web -- 5.5 Text retrieval and the Internet -- 5.5.1 Crawling.
5.5.2 Indexing -- 5.5.2.1 Processes of feature extraction -- 5.5.2.2 Example of a feature extraction -- 5.5.2.3 Index -- 5.5.3 Queries and search results -- 5.6 Conclusion -- 6 Approaches to and uses of anaphora resolution -- 6.1 Uses of anaphora resolution systems -- 6.1.1 Machine translation -- 6.1.2 Information extraction -- 6.1.3 Question answering -- 6.1.4 Text summarisation -- 6.1.5 Text retrieval -- 6.2 Structure of anaphora resolution systems -- 6.3 Anaphora resolution approaches -- 6.3.1 Rule-based approaches -- 6.3.2 Data-based approaches -- 6.3.3 Comparison of anaphora resolution approaches -- 6.4 Anaphora resolution in text retrieval -- 6.5 Evaluation of anaphora resolution systems -- 6.5.1 Measures for evaluation -- 6.5.2 Comparing different algorithms -- 6.5.3 Annotated corpora for evaluation -- 6.5.3.1 Current annotated corpora -- 6.5.3.2 An annotated corpus for all anaphor types -- 6.6 Conclusion -- 7 Development of extensive linguistic rules for anaphora resolution: the example of non-finite clause anaphors -- 7.1 Identifying anaphoric items -- 7.1.1 Rules for -ing-items and their evaluation -- 7.1.2 Rules for -ed-items and their evaluation -- 7.1.3 Rules for to-items and their evaluation -- 7.2 Identifying antecedents -- 7.2.1 Rules for -ing and their evaluation -- 7.2.2 Rules for -ed and their evaluation -- 7.2.3 Rules for to and their evaluation -- 7.3 Conclusion -- 8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.
Summary: Empirical approaches based on qualitative or quantitative methods of corpus linguistics have become a central paradigm within linguistics. The series takes account of this fact and provides a platform for approaches within synchronous linguistics as well as interdisciplinary works with a linguistic focus which devise new ways of working empirically and develop new data-based methods and theoretical models for empirical linguistic analyses.
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Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Linguistic fundamentals of anaphors and anaphora -- 2.1 Basic definitions -- 2.2 The relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 2.2.1 Coreference -- 2.2.2 Substitution -- 2.2.3 Comparison of coreference and substitution -- 2.2.4 Sense relations -- 2.3 Related concepts: cataphora, endophora, exophora and deixis -- 2.3.1 Cataphora -- 2.3.2 Endophora and exophora -- 2.3.3 Deixis -- 2.4 Anaphors as cohesive devices in texts -- 2.4.1 Texts and their features -- 2.4.2 Cohesion -- 2.4.3 Cohesive devices as a form of reduction -- 2.5 Anaphors in the present book -- 3 Types of anaphors -- 3.1 Central pronouns -- 3.1.1 Personal pronouns -- 3.1.1.1 Subjective and objective forms -- 3.1.1.2 Person, number and gender -- 3.1.1.3 Anaphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.1.1.4 Cataphoric use -- 3.1.1.5 Relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.1.1.6 Summary -- 3.1.2 Possessive pronouns -- 3.1.2.1 Determinative and independent possessive pronouns -- 3.1.2.2 Person, number and gender -- 3.1.2.3 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.1.2.4 Relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.1.2.5 Summary -- 3.1.3 Reflexive pronouns -- 3.1.3.1 Basic and emphatic use -- 3.1.3.2 Person, number and gender -- 3.1.3.3 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.1.3.4 Summary -- 3.1.4 Summary of personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns -- 3.2 Reciprocal pronouns -- 3.2.1 Compound and split construction -- 3.2.2 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.2.3 Summary -- 3.3 Demonstrative pronouns -- 3.3.1 Dependent and independent demonstrative pronouns -- 3.3.2 Grammatical and referential aspects -- 3.3.3 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.3.4 Relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.3.5 Summary -- 3.4 Relative pronouns -- 3.4.1 Form and function.

3.4.2 Types of clauses and their anaphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.4.3 Further non-anaphoric uses -- 3.4.4 Gender and case -- 3.4.5 Summary -- 3.5 Adverbs -- 3.5.1 Here and there -- 3.5.2 Now and then -- 3.5.3 Where, when, while and why -- 3.5.4 Summary -- 3.6 Noun phrases with a definite article -- 3.6.1 Syntactic characteristics -- 3.6.2 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.6.3 The relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.6.4 Summary -- 3.7 Proper names -- 3.7.1 Proper names and proper nouns -- 3.7.2 Syntactic features -- 3.7.3 Anaphoric and non-anaphoric use -- 3.7.4 Summary -- 3.8 Indefinite pronouns -- 3.8.1 One and ones -- 3.8.2 Other, others and another -- 3.8.3 Both, all and each -- 3.8.4 Enough and several -- 3.8.5 Some and any -- 3.8.6 Either, neither and none -- 3.8.7 Many and much/more/most, few/fewer/fewest and little/less/least -- 3.8.8 Further non-anaphoric uses of all of-pronouns -- 3.8.9 Cataphoric use -- 3.8.10 Indefinite pronouns as elliptical forms -- 3.8.11 Summary -- 3.9 Other forms of coreference and substitution: the same, such and so -- 3.9.1 The same -- 3.9.2 Such -- 3.9.3 So -- 3.9.4 Cataphoric use -- 3.9.5 Summary -- 3.10 Verb phrases with do and combinations with so, this, that, it and the same (thing) -- 3.10.1 Simple forms with do -- 3.10.2 Complex forms with do -- 3.10.3 The form of the antecedent and cataphoric use -- 3.10.4 The relationship between anaphor and antecedent -- 3.10.5 Summary -- 3.11 Ellipses -- 3.11.1 Types of ellipses -- 3.11.2 Non-anaphoric ellipsis -- 3.11.3 Summary -- 3.12 Non-finite clauses -- 3.12.1 To-infinitive clauses -- 3.12.1.1 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use with regard to clause and phrase functions -- 3.12.1.2 Further non-anaphoric uses -- 3.12.1.3 Summary -- 3.12.2 -ing-participle clauses.

3.12.2.1 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use with regard to clause and phrase functions -- 3.12.2.2 Further non-anaphoric uses -- 3.12.2.3 Summary -- 3.12.3 -ed-participle clauses -- 3.12.3.1 Anaphoric/cataphoric and non-anaphoric use with regard to clause and phrase functions -- 3.12.3.2 Further non-anaphoric uses -- 3.12.3.3 Summary -- 3.12.4 Summary of to-infinitive, -ing-participle and -ed-participle clauses -- 3.13 Conclusion -- 4 Anaphors in hypertexts -- 4.1 Previous research -- 4.2 Hypertexts -- 4.2.1 What are hypertexts? -- 4.2.2 Cohesion and coherence in hypertexts -- 4.2.3 Linguistic characteristics of hypertexts -- 4.2.4 Classifications of hypertexts -- 4.3 Corpus of hypertexts -- 4.3.1 Corpus design -- 4.3.2 "Wikipedia" -- 4.3.3 "Blogs" -- 4.3.4 "(Traditional) Websites" -- 4.4 Results of the corpus analysis -- 4.4.1 Frequency of anaphors in the corpus -- 4.4.1.1 Distribution of the twelve anaphor types -- 4.4.1.2 Central pronouns -- 4.4.1.3 Reciprocal pronouns -- 4.4.1.4 Demonstrative pronouns -- 4.4.1.5 Relative pronouns -- 4.4.1.6 Adverbs -- 4.4.1.7 Proper names -- 4.4.1.8 Indefinite pronouns -- 4.4.1.9 Other forms of coreference and substitution -- 4.4.1.10 Verb phrases with do and combinations -- 4.4.1.11 Ellipses -- 4.4.1.12 Non-finite clauses -- 4.4.2 Ratio of items occurring anaphorically and non-anaphorically -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 5 Text retrieval and its handling of anaphors -- 5.1 What are text retrieval systems? -- 5.2 Text retrieval models -- 5.3 Evaluation of text retrieval results -- 5.4 Natural language processing methods in text retrieval -- 5.4.1 Sentence delimitation and tokenisation -- 5.4.2 Stop word detection -- 5.4.3 Stemming and lemmatisation -- 5.4.4 Part-of-speech tagging -- 5.4.5 Parsing -- 5.4.6 Natural language processing on the Web -- 5.5 Text retrieval and the Internet -- 5.5.1 Crawling.

5.5.2 Indexing -- 5.5.2.1 Processes of feature extraction -- 5.5.2.2 Example of a feature extraction -- 5.5.2.3 Index -- 5.5.3 Queries and search results -- 5.6 Conclusion -- 6 Approaches to and uses of anaphora resolution -- 6.1 Uses of anaphora resolution systems -- 6.1.1 Machine translation -- 6.1.2 Information extraction -- 6.1.3 Question answering -- 6.1.4 Text summarisation -- 6.1.5 Text retrieval -- 6.2 Structure of anaphora resolution systems -- 6.3 Anaphora resolution approaches -- 6.3.1 Rule-based approaches -- 6.3.2 Data-based approaches -- 6.3.3 Comparison of anaphora resolution approaches -- 6.4 Anaphora resolution in text retrieval -- 6.5 Evaluation of anaphora resolution systems -- 6.5.1 Measures for evaluation -- 6.5.2 Comparing different algorithms -- 6.5.3 Annotated corpora for evaluation -- 6.5.3.1 Current annotated corpora -- 6.5.3.2 An annotated corpus for all anaphor types -- 6.6 Conclusion -- 7 Development of extensive linguistic rules for anaphora resolution: the example of non-finite clause anaphors -- 7.1 Identifying anaphoric items -- 7.1.1 Rules for -ing-items and their evaluation -- 7.1.2 Rules for -ed-items and their evaluation -- 7.1.3 Rules for to-items and their evaluation -- 7.2 Identifying antecedents -- 7.2.1 Rules for -ing and their evaluation -- 7.2.2 Rules for -ed and their evaluation -- 7.2.3 Rules for to and their evaluation -- 7.3 Conclusion -- 8 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.

Empirical approaches based on qualitative or quantitative methods of corpus linguistics have become a central paradigm within linguistics. The series takes account of this fact and provides a platform for approaches within synchronous linguistics as well as interdisciplinary works with a linguistic focus which devise new ways of working empirically and develop new data-based methods and theoretical models for empirical linguistic analyses.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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