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Drug Abuse and Trafficking in Nigeria.

By: Material type: TextTextPublisher: Oxford : Malthouse Press Ltd, Nigeria, 2019Copyright date: ©2019Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (576 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9789785916560
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Drug Abuse and Trafficking in NigeriaDDC classification:
  • 353.00825
LOC classification:
  • KF26 .E357 2019
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Acknowledgements and Preface -- Foreword -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Table of Cases -- Table of Statutes -- Contents -- PART I - PRELIMINARY MATTERS -- Chapter 1. General Introduction -- Chapter 2. Issues of Terminology and Classification of Addictive Substances (Drugs) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Problem of Terminology -- a. "Dangerous drug" -- b. "Narcotic drugs" -- c. "Psychotropic substances" -- d. "Controlled drugs" -- e. "Drug control" as used in "Regional Academy for Drug Control, Jos" -- f. "Hard drugs" -- g. "Drug abuse and trafficking" -- 3. Classification of Controlled Addictive Substances -- a. Narcotic analgesics -- b. Substances that alter perception -- c. Stimulants -- d. Depressants -- e. Miscellaneous agents -- 4. Conclusions -- Chapter 3. Ejusdem Generis Rule in Drug Classification -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Explanation of Terms -- 3. The Basis of the Creation of the Genus "Cocaine, LSD, Heroin" -- (a) Chemical structure -- (b) Pharmacologic actions -- (c) Sites of action -- 4. The Status of the Provisions of the International Convention -- 5. Procedures for Addition, Deletion and Transfer of Substances from one Schedule or Table to Another -- 6. The Utility of the Drafting Device -- 7. Conclusions -- Chapter 4. Nature, Scope and Efficacy of Drug Offences in Nigeria -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Offences in Relation to Substance Abuse and Trafficking -- a. Cultivation or planting, production, manufacture and related offences -- b. Exportation or trafficking -- c. Dealing in illicit substances -- d. Knowingly being in unlawful possession and unlawful use -- 3. Offences in Relation to Property -- a. Nature of offences relating to property -- b. The scope of offences relating to property.
c. Assets of person arrested for offences under the NDLEA Act -- d. Onus of proof of lawful origin of property -- e. Property subject to forfeiture -- f. Disposal of forfeited property -- 4. Offences in Relation to Nigeria's Image -- 5. Miscellaneous Offences -- a. Occupier's liability -- b. The protection and discipline of NDLEA officials -- c. Inchoate offences -- 6. Conclusions -- Chapter 5. International Drug Control System -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Pre-1961 International Drug Control System -- (a) International Opium Convention, 1915 -- (b) The 1931 Agreement for the Control of Opium Smoking in the Far East -- (c) The 1946 Protocol -- 3. The Post-1961 International Drug Control System -- a) Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (1961 Convention) -- b) The Convention On Psychotropic Substances 1971 (1971 Convention) -- c) United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 (1988 Convention) -- 4. Bilateral Co-operation as an Integral Part of the International Drug Control System -- 5. Domestic Legislation in International Drug Control System -- a. The NDLEA Act -- b. Extradition Act -- c. MAC Act -- d. The TCO Act -- 6. Conclusions -- Chapter 6. Institutional Framework for Enforcement of Drug Laws in Nigeria -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Establishment of the NDLEA -- a. Structure of the NDELA -- b. Functions of the NDLEA -- 3. The Role of International Institutions -- a. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) -- b. International Narcotic Control Board (INCB) -- c. Word Health Organisation (WHO) -- d. United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC) -- 4. Conclusions -- Chapter 7. Jurisdictional Issues in Drug Trials -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Conceptual Clarifications -- 3. Sources of Jurisdiction in Drug Offences.
4. Courts with Jurisdiction in Drug Offences -- a. The criminal jurisdiction of the Magistrate Court (MC) in drug cases -- b. The criminal jurisdiction of the States High Courts (SHC) in drug cases -- 5. Conclusions -- PART II - SUBSTANTIVE MATTERS -- Chapter 8. Proof of Possession as a Rate Limiting (Decisive) Step in Drug Trials -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What is Possession? -- 3. Ingredients of the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession -- 4. Knowingly being in physical custody or control -- 5. Possession of Prohibited Substance without Lawful Authority -- 6. Knowledge that what is possessed is prohibited by the Law -- 7. Possession as a Distinct Offence and as an Ingredient of other Offences -- 8. Conclusions -- Chapter 9. When Unlawful Possession is an Offence (Okewu v. FRN) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pool of Penal Provisions (PPP) as Analytical Tool -- 3. Inelegant Drafting of Charges -- 4. The Constitutionality of Trial for Unlawful Possession, Simpliciter -- 5. Proof that the Accused had Knowledge that he was in Possession of Indian Hemp -- 6. Implications of the Existing Judicial Decisions -- 7. Conclusions -- 8. Recommendations -- Chapter 10. Is Unlawful Possession a Lesser Offence to Dealing in Hard Drugs? (Henry Odeh v. FRN) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Whether S.179 or 286 of the CPA was the Applicable Section in the Case -- 3. Whether Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp is a Lesser Offence to Unlawful dealing under the NDLEA Act -- 4. Whether the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp was proved at the Trial -- a. Possession as an ingredient of other offences under the NDLEA Act -- b. Possession as a distinct offence under the NDLEA Act -- 5. Proof of Knowledge that what is Possessed is Prohibited by Law.
6. Whether Exhibit 7 is an Admission of the Commission of the Offence of Knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp -- 7. Conclusions -- Chapter 11. Offence of Unlawful Possession for Purpose of Sale (FRN v. Iweka) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Analysis of the Charge -- 3. The Analysis of the Confessional Statement -- 4. The Analysis of the Conviction -- 5. The Correlation -- a. Whether the conviction of the respondent as charged is correct -- b. Whether the lesser offence principle under the CPA applies in the instant case -- c. Whether the respondent could have been rightly convicted under any circumstance -- 6. Conclusions -- Chapter 12. Confessional Statements and Plea of Guilty on Burden of Proof in Drug Trials (Omoju v. FRN) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Introduction -- 3. Facts of the Case -- 4. Statutory Elements of Unlawful Exportation of Cocaine -- 5. Composite or Formal Evidence in Drug Trials -- a. Proof that the substance was recovered from the appellant -- b. Proof that the substance (cocaine) recovered from the appellant was the one produced in evidence -- c. Proof that the substance (cocaine) recovered is prohibited by the law (NDLEA Act) -- 6. Non-compliance with S.218 of the CPA -- 7. Conclusions -- Chapter 13. Forensic Evidence in Drug Trials (Nwachukwu v. State) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Forensic Evidence -- 3. The Unbroken Chain in Forensic Evidence -- a. Evidence of activities at the crime scene or locus criminis -- b. Evidence of custody and movement of sample between the crime scene and the laboratory -- c. Evidence of the laboratory analysis -- 4. The Drug Analyst as an Expert -- 5. The Laboratory as an Institution -- 6. The Techniques (Methods) Employed in Drug Analysis -- 7. The Report of Laboratory Analysis.
8. Persons qualified to testify on the Report or Certificate of Drug Analysis? -- 9. Conclusions -- Chapter 14. Conviction for Drug Offences without a Chemist's Report (Nkie v. FRN) -- Synopsis nopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Brief Facts of the Case -- 3. Elements of the offence of knowingly being in unlawful possession of cocaine -- 4. Confessional Statement as a mode of proof in drug possessory cases -- 5. The Non-production of Chemist's Report at the Trial -- 6. Implications of the Non-production of a Chemist's Report in the Trial of Drug Offences -- 7. Conclusions -- Chapter 15. Enforcement Modalities for Money Laundering Offences -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Tenor of Money Laundering Enforcement Functions -- 3. Money Laundering as a Derivative or Second-order Financial Crime -- 4. Procedural Matters of Jurisdiction in Enforcing Money Laundering Offences -- a. Investigation -- b. Prosecution -- c. Jurisdiction -- 5. The Way Forward -- Chapter 16. The Decision in Chukuma v. FRN -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Constitutionality of the Trial -- 3. Proof of the Ingredients of the Offence Charged -- a. That the substance must be Indian hemp -- b. That the Possession must be within knowledge of the accused -- c. Knowledge of the nature of the substance possessed -- 4. Conclusions -- PART III - ANCILLARY MATTERS -- Chapter 17. Conviction and Sentencing of Drug Offenders -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Conviction -- 2. Sentencing -- a. Mitigating factors -- b. Aggravating factors -- Chapter 18. Pharmaco-Legal Issues in Drug Administration and Consumption -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Conceptual Clarifications -- 3. Layers of Consumer Protection -- a. Consumer Protection as a Matter of Law (1st Layer) -- b. Consumer protection as a matter of practice.
c. Consumer protection as a matter of pharmaceutical care.
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Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Acknowledgements and Preface -- Foreword -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Table of Cases -- Table of Statutes -- Contents -- PART I - PRELIMINARY MATTERS -- Chapter 1. General Introduction -- Chapter 2. Issues of Terminology and Classification of Addictive Substances (Drugs) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Problem of Terminology -- a. "Dangerous drug" -- b. "Narcotic drugs" -- c. "Psychotropic substances" -- d. "Controlled drugs" -- e. "Drug control" as used in "Regional Academy for Drug Control, Jos" -- f. "Hard drugs" -- g. "Drug abuse and trafficking" -- 3. Classification of Controlled Addictive Substances -- a. Narcotic analgesics -- b. Substances that alter perception -- c. Stimulants -- d. Depressants -- e. Miscellaneous agents -- 4. Conclusions -- Chapter 3. Ejusdem Generis Rule in Drug Classification -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Explanation of Terms -- 3. The Basis of the Creation of the Genus "Cocaine, LSD, Heroin" -- (a) Chemical structure -- (b) Pharmacologic actions -- (c) Sites of action -- 4. The Status of the Provisions of the International Convention -- 5. Procedures for Addition, Deletion and Transfer of Substances from one Schedule or Table to Another -- 6. The Utility of the Drafting Device -- 7. Conclusions -- Chapter 4. Nature, Scope and Efficacy of Drug Offences in Nigeria -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Offences in Relation to Substance Abuse and Trafficking -- a. Cultivation or planting, production, manufacture and related offences -- b. Exportation or trafficking -- c. Dealing in illicit substances -- d. Knowingly being in unlawful possession and unlawful use -- 3. Offences in Relation to Property -- a. Nature of offences relating to property -- b. The scope of offences relating to property.

c. Assets of person arrested for offences under the NDLEA Act -- d. Onus of proof of lawful origin of property -- e. Property subject to forfeiture -- f. Disposal of forfeited property -- 4. Offences in Relation to Nigeria's Image -- 5. Miscellaneous Offences -- a. Occupier's liability -- b. The protection and discipline of NDLEA officials -- c. Inchoate offences -- 6. Conclusions -- Chapter 5. International Drug Control System -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Pre-1961 International Drug Control System -- (a) International Opium Convention, 1915 -- (b) The 1931 Agreement for the Control of Opium Smoking in the Far East -- (c) The 1946 Protocol -- 3. The Post-1961 International Drug Control System -- a) Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (1961 Convention) -- b) The Convention On Psychotropic Substances 1971 (1971 Convention) -- c) United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988 (1988 Convention) -- 4. Bilateral Co-operation as an Integral Part of the International Drug Control System -- 5. Domestic Legislation in International Drug Control System -- a. The NDLEA Act -- b. Extradition Act -- c. MAC Act -- d. The TCO Act -- 6. Conclusions -- Chapter 6. Institutional Framework for Enforcement of Drug Laws in Nigeria -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Establishment of the NDLEA -- a. Structure of the NDELA -- b. Functions of the NDLEA -- 3. The Role of International Institutions -- a. Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) -- b. International Narcotic Control Board (INCB) -- c. Word Health Organisation (WHO) -- d. United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC) -- 4. Conclusions -- Chapter 7. Jurisdictional Issues in Drug Trials -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Conceptual Clarifications -- 3. Sources of Jurisdiction in Drug Offences.

4. Courts with Jurisdiction in Drug Offences -- a. The criminal jurisdiction of the Magistrate Court (MC) in drug cases -- b. The criminal jurisdiction of the States High Courts (SHC) in drug cases -- 5. Conclusions -- PART II - SUBSTANTIVE MATTERS -- Chapter 8. Proof of Possession as a Rate Limiting (Decisive) Step in Drug Trials -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What is Possession? -- 3. Ingredients of the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession -- 4. Knowingly being in physical custody or control -- 5. Possession of Prohibited Substance without Lawful Authority -- 6. Knowledge that what is possessed is prohibited by the Law -- 7. Possession as a Distinct Offence and as an Ingredient of other Offences -- 8. Conclusions -- Chapter 9. When Unlawful Possession is an Offence (Okewu v. FRN) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pool of Penal Provisions (PPP) as Analytical Tool -- 3. Inelegant Drafting of Charges -- 4. The Constitutionality of Trial for Unlawful Possession, Simpliciter -- 5. Proof that the Accused had Knowledge that he was in Possession of Indian Hemp -- 6. Implications of the Existing Judicial Decisions -- 7. Conclusions -- 8. Recommendations -- Chapter 10. Is Unlawful Possession a Lesser Offence to Dealing in Hard Drugs? (Henry Odeh v. FRN) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Whether S.179 or 286 of the CPA was the Applicable Section in the Case -- 3. Whether Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp is a Lesser Offence to Unlawful dealing under the NDLEA Act -- 4. Whether the Offence of Knowingly Being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp was proved at the Trial -- a. Possession as an ingredient of other offences under the NDLEA Act -- b. Possession as a distinct offence under the NDLEA Act -- 5. Proof of Knowledge that what is Possessed is Prohibited by Law.

6. Whether Exhibit 7 is an Admission of the Commission of the Offence of Knowingly being in Unlawful Possession of Indian hemp -- 7. Conclusions -- Chapter 11. Offence of Unlawful Possession for Purpose of Sale (FRN v. Iweka) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Analysis of the Charge -- 3. The Analysis of the Confessional Statement -- 4. The Analysis of the Conviction -- 5. The Correlation -- a. Whether the conviction of the respondent as charged is correct -- b. Whether the lesser offence principle under the CPA applies in the instant case -- c. Whether the respondent could have been rightly convicted under any circumstance -- 6. Conclusions -- Chapter 12. Confessional Statements and Plea of Guilty on Burden of Proof in Drug Trials (Omoju v. FRN) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Introduction -- 3. Facts of the Case -- 4. Statutory Elements of Unlawful Exportation of Cocaine -- 5. Composite or Formal Evidence in Drug Trials -- a. Proof that the substance was recovered from the appellant -- b. Proof that the substance (cocaine) recovered from the appellant was the one produced in evidence -- c. Proof that the substance (cocaine) recovered is prohibited by the law (NDLEA Act) -- 6. Non-compliance with S.218 of the CPA -- 7. Conclusions -- Chapter 13. Forensic Evidence in Drug Trials (Nwachukwu v. State) -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Forensic Evidence -- 3. The Unbroken Chain in Forensic Evidence -- a. Evidence of activities at the crime scene or locus criminis -- b. Evidence of custody and movement of sample between the crime scene and the laboratory -- c. Evidence of the laboratory analysis -- 4. The Drug Analyst as an Expert -- 5. The Laboratory as an Institution -- 6. The Techniques (Methods) Employed in Drug Analysis -- 7. The Report of Laboratory Analysis.

8. Persons qualified to testify on the Report or Certificate of Drug Analysis? -- 9. Conclusions -- Chapter 14. Conviction for Drug Offences without a Chemist's Report (Nkie v. FRN) -- Synopsis nopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Brief Facts of the Case -- 3. Elements of the offence of knowingly being in unlawful possession of cocaine -- 4. Confessional Statement as a mode of proof in drug possessory cases -- 5. The Non-production of Chemist's Report at the Trial -- 6. Implications of the Non-production of a Chemist's Report in the Trial of Drug Offences -- 7. Conclusions -- Chapter 15. Enforcement Modalities for Money Laundering Offences -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Tenor of Money Laundering Enforcement Functions -- 3. Money Laundering as a Derivative or Second-order Financial Crime -- 4. Procedural Matters of Jurisdiction in Enforcing Money Laundering Offences -- a. Investigation -- b. Prosecution -- c. Jurisdiction -- 5. The Way Forward -- Chapter 16. The Decision in Chukuma v. FRN -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Constitutionality of the Trial -- 3. Proof of the Ingredients of the Offence Charged -- a. That the substance must be Indian hemp -- b. That the Possession must be within knowledge of the accused -- c. Knowledge of the nature of the substance possessed -- 4. Conclusions -- PART III - ANCILLARY MATTERS -- Chapter 17. Conviction and Sentencing of Drug Offenders -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Conviction -- 2. Sentencing -- a. Mitigating factors -- b. Aggravating factors -- Chapter 18. Pharmaco-Legal Issues in Drug Administration and Consumption -- Synopsis of Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Conceptual Clarifications -- 3. Layers of Consumer Protection -- a. Consumer Protection as a Matter of Law (1st Layer) -- b. Consumer protection as a matter of practice.

c. Consumer protection as a matter of pharmaceutical care.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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