Waddenland Outstanding : History, Landscape and Cultural Heritage of the Wadden Sea Region.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- Linde Egberts, Meindert Schroor and Jos Bazelmans -- Part 1 Setting the scenes -- 2 Waddenland: Concoction or reality? -- Defining the Wadden Sea region in a geographical and historical context -- Meindert Schroor -- 3 The Wadden Sea region as a cultural landscape -- History, heritage, management -- Hans Renes -- Part 2 The relationship between natural and cultural heritage -- 4 Protecting the natural and cultural values of the Wadden Sea coast in the Anthropocene -- An urgent call for integration -- Jens Enemark, Ludwig Fischer and Karsten Reise -- 5 The Wadden Sea: A natural landscape outside the dikes -- Hans-Ulrich Rösner -- 6 The North Frisians and the Wadden Sea -- Thomas Steensen -- Part 3 Memory, mentality and landscape -- 7 Victory over the sea -- Dutch diking techniques in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and their impact on Europe's history of mentality -- Ludwig Fischer -- 8 Between National Socialist ideology and resistance -- Interpretations of artworks depicting the Wadden Sea -- Nina Hinrichs -- 9 Living with water in the Tøndermarsk and Gotteskoog -- Anne Marie Overgaard -- 10 Remystifying Frisia -- The 'experience economy' along the Wadden Sea coast -- Goffe Jensma -- 11 Maritime death, memory and landscape -- Examples from the North Sea coast and the islands -- Norbert Fischer -- Part 4 History and archaeology -- 12 Waddenland -- From early modern prosperity to relegation to the periphery -- Meindert Schroor -- 13 Local communities and regional economies with a global touch -- Contacts along the Danish Wadden Sea coast in the eighteenth century -- Mette Guldberg -- 14 Was there a maritime culture in Bremen in the nineteenth century? -- Ethno-historical notes on coastal societies -- Jan C. Oberg -- 15 Yeoman capitalism and smallholder liberalism.

Property rights and social realities of early modern Schleswig marshland societies -- Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen -- 16 Drowned by the Grote Mandrenke in 1362 -- New geo-archaeological research on the late medieval trading centre of Rungholt (North Frisia) -- Hanna Hadler, Dennis Wilken, Tina Wunderlich, Annika Fediuk, Peter Fischer, Michaela Schwardt, Timo Willershäuser, Wolfgang Rabbel and Andreas Vött -- 17 Reinterpreting nature -- A brief environmental history of trilateral conservation in the Wadden Sea region -- Anna-Katharina Wöbse and Hans-Peter Ziemek -- Part 5 Political, economical and social challenges for cultural heritage management -- 18 Energy transition -- A challenge for the management of the cultural landscape -- Ulf Ickerodt and Matthias Maluck -- 19 The Lower Saxon UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Programme -- Engaging with inhabitants and stakeholders for a sustainable development -- Peter Südbeck and Jürgen Rahmel -- 20 Senses of place in the North Frisian Wadden Sea -- Local consciousness and knowledge for place-based heritage development -- Martin Döring and Beate Ratter -- 21 The Wadden Sea coast challenged by sea level rise -- Karsten Reise -- 22 A future for cultural history of the Dutch Wadden region -- Challenges and policies in a maritime-agricultural landscape -- Linde Egberts -- 23 Conclusion -- Linde Egberts and Meindert Schroor -- Index -- List of figures and tables -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Wadden Sea World Heritage Site -- Courtesy of Common Wadden Sea Secretariat -- Figure 2.1 The Wadden Sea Region, or Waddenland, coincides with the marshes. -- Courtesy of Cartografisch Bureau JPhZ, Groningen and author -- Figure 2.2 The Groningen coastal marshland at the Wadden Sea Coast at Noordpolderzijl. The Noordpolder was embanked in 1811. -- Photo by author.

Figure 2.3 The Van Deventer provincial map of Friesland (1545-1559), actually showing the other northeastern provinces of the Netherlands (Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel) as well, very neatly shows the contrast between the densely populated marshes wi -- Courtesy of Tresoar, KvF 51d -- Figure 3.1 The town of Bolsward (Friesland) originated as two dwelling mounds in a tidal landscape. Upper part: Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland -- lower part: Hisgis, with additions. -- Cartography by Ton Markus, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University -- Figure 3.2 The Slachtedijk/Zeedijk at Oosterbierum. A number of stones mark past stages in the heightening of the dike. -- Data by Sytse Keizer -- Figure 3.3 Ponds in the coastal marshes of North Friesland (near the village of Hallum). -- Source: Google Earth -- Figure 3.4 Gravestones of whalers at St Clemens churchyard on the German island of Amrum (a, b) and at Kirkeby on the Danish island of Rømø (c). -- Photos by author -- Figure 3.5 The oldest house on the island of Ameland (Johan Bakkerstraat 7, Hollum) is a so-called 'commandeurs' house. In the early nineteenth century a shed was added, converting the house into a farm. The front gives the date 1516, but it is suggested -- Photo by author -- Figure 3.6 Population and occupations in Terschelling 1900-2000. -- After Hoekstra et al., 2009. Drawing: by Ton Markus, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University -- Figure 4.1 Satellite image taken in 2000-2002 and combined to show low tide conditions everywhere. Light clouds seaward of the Wadden and islands show suspended matter. -- Courtesy of Eurimage, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat &amp -- Brockmann Consult.

Figure 4.2 Aerial view of Hallig Hooge with the island of Pellworm at the horizon. On Hooge, about 100 people live on dwelling mounds (Warften). A salt marsh area of 5.5 km² is inundated by storm surges which top a 1.2-metre-high stone revetment. Sedimen -- Photo by Karsten Reise -- Figure 4.3 Aerial view of former Hallig Ockholm, embanked around 1515. Some houses are still on dwelling mounds (foreground). Sönke-Nissen-Koog (upper left) was embanked in 1926 and a new dike has been fronting Ockholm Koog since 1991. Seaward, a forelan -- Photo by Karsten Reise -- Figure 5.1 A poster showing the East-Atlantic Flyway of waterbirds, with the Wadden Sea being the major hub right in the middle between most of the breeding areas and many of the wintering areas. -- Courtesy of WWF Germany -- Figure 5.2 A natural landscape in the Wadden Sea. -- Photo by author -- Figure 5.3 A cultural landscape in the Wadden Sea region, in this case old grassland with high natural values. -- Photo by author -- Figure 5.4 Edge of marshland on Hallig Hooge showing how with each flooding new sediment layers have been added, allowing the land to grow with the sea. -- Photo by author -- Figure 5.5 New cultural landscape with the use of three different renewable energy sources. The surrounding land is intensively used by agriculture and has only very few nature values left, thus it is probably an appropriate choice of location. -- Photo by author -- Figure 6.1 Hallig Habel on the horizon. -- Photo by author -- Figure 6.2 Wanderers on their way to Hallig Oland. -- Photo by author -- Figure 6.3 Catching prawns with a 'Gliep'. -- Photo by Ernst C. Payns, Nordfriisk Instituut -- Figure 8.1 Magnus Weidemann, Versunkenes Land, date unknown (before 1939). -- Published in: Weidemann, M. (1939). Unsere nordische Landschaft, Karlsruhe: Müller, p. 125.

Figure 8.2 Erna Lendvai Dircksen, Arbeitsdienst bei Dagebüll, date unknown (sometime before 1939). -- Published in: Lendvai-Dircksen, E. ([ca. 1939]). Das deutsche Volksgesicht. Bayreuth: Gauverlag, p. 38 -- Figure 8.3 Michael Mathias Kiefer, Die Wacht, date unknown. -- Published in: Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung 1939 im Haus der Deutschen Kunst zu München (1940), Munich, p. 51, Nr. 589 -- Figure 8.4 Franz Radziwill, Eisberge auf der Jade, 1940/41. -- place unknown -- Figure 8.5 Caspar David Friedrich, Das Eismeer, 1823/24. -- Kunsthalle Hamburg -- Figure 8.6 Max Beckmann, Nordseelandschaft I (Gewitter), 1937. -- Private -- Figure 8.7 Max Beckmann, Nordseelandschaft II (abziehende Wolken), 1937. -- Private -- Figure 8.8 Max Beckmann Stürmische Nordsee (Wangerooge), Nordseelandschaft III, 1937. -- Private -- Figure 8.9 Emil Nolde, Marschlandschaft unter Abendhimmel, in the time period 1938-1945. -- Nolde-Stiftung Seebüll -- Figure 8.10 Franz Radziwill, Der Kosmos kann zerstört werden, der Himmel nicht, 1953. -- Stadtmuseum Oldenburg -- Figure 9.1 Map of the Tøndermarsk area on both sides of the Danish-German border. -- Courtesy of the Fisheries and Martime Museum, Esbjerg -- Figure 9.2 Fresh water flooding in Møgeltønder Kog, 1913. -- Photo by H. C. Davidsen -- Figure 9.3 Building one of the pumping stations in 1928-29 in the Tøndermarsk -- Photo by A. Martinsen -- Figure 10.1 The Frisian territory. -- T. Bosse − Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons. -- Figure 10.2 'Welcome to the experience farm'. Advertisement for an Experience Farm in Lekkum. -- Courtesy of Burmania Boerderij. -- Figure 10.3 Frisian freedom as regional branding. -- Courtesy of Ostfriesische Landschaft -- Figure 10.4 The Frisian Folkmetal Band Baldrs Draumar. -- Courtesy of Baldrs Draumar.

Figure 11.1 Memorial to the flood of 1962 in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg, near Reiherstieg-Hauptdeich.

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