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Advances in Laser Materials Processing : Technology, Research and Applications.

By: Material type: TextTextSeries: Woodhead Publishing Series in Welding and Other Joining Technologies SeriesPublisher: San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2017Copyright date: ©2018Edition: 2nd edDescription: 1 online resource (802 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9780081012536
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Advances in Laser Materials ProcessingDDC classification:
  • 621.366
LOC classification:
  • TA1677.A383 2018
Online resources:
Contents:
Front Cover -- Advances in Laser Materials Processing -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: "Light" Industry: An Overview of the Impact of Lasers on Manufacturing -- 1.1 The Laser, and the Generation of a Mature Industry -- 1.2 Economic Impact of Laser Materials Processing -- 1.3 The Developing Application Space -- 1.3.1 Driving Forces -- 1.3.2 Application Trends -- 1.3.3 Source Development and Deployment -- 1.3.3.1 The Technology -- 1.3.3.2 In-Process Analysis and Control -- 1.4 Future Predictions -- 1.4.1 Previous Reflections -- 1.4.2 Coming Soon? -- References -- Chapter 2: The Challenges Ahead for Laser Macro, Micro and Nano Manufacturing☆ -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Laser Cutting -- 2.2.1 Fiber/Disk Laser Versus CO2 Laser Cutting -- 2.2.2 Cutting Brittle Materials -- 2.2.3 Cutting Composite and Inhomogeneous Materials -- 2.2.4 Cutting Variable Thickness Materials -- 2.2.5 Cutting Thick-Section Materials -- 2.2.6 Striation-Free and Recast-Free Cutting -- 2.2.7 Super-High Speed Remote Cutting and Vapor Pressure Cutting -- 2.3 Laser Welding -- 2.3.1 Hybrid Laser Arc Welding -- 2.3.2 Welding Thick-Section Materials -- 2.3.3 Welding Ultra-Thin-Section Materials -- 2.3.4 Welding Dissimilar Materials -- 2.3.5 Porosity Control -- 2.3.6 Net-Shape Welding -- 2.4 Laser Drilling -- 2.4.1 Hybrid Laser Drilling -- 2.4.2 Ultra-Short Pulse Laser Drilling -- 2.5 Laser Surface Engineering -- 2.6 Additive Multiple Layer Manufacturing -- 2.7 Micro/Nano Fabrication -- 2.7.1 Precision Micro-Cutting -- 2.7.2 Laser Surface Micro-Texturing -- 2.7.3 Direct-Write Micro-Deposition -- 2.7.4 Nano-Fabrication -- 2.8 Fundamental Beam/Material Interactions and Process Modeling -- 2.9 Laser Systems -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Laser Fusion Cutting of Difficult Materials☆.
3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Principles Involved in Fusion Laser Cutting -- 3.3 Experiences in Laser Cutting of Difficult Materials -- 3.3.1 Cutting of Metals, Aluminum, and Alloys -- 3.3.2 Cutting of Ceramics -- 3.4 Attempts to Improve Cutting Process -- 3.4.1 Processing in Pulsed Mode -- 3.4.1.1 Processing Ceramics in Pulsed Mode to Avoid Thermal Cracking -- 3.4.1.2 Processing Aluminum Alloys in Pulsed Mode to Improve Cutting Efficiency -- 3.4.2 Miscellaneous Methods to Improve Cutting Process -- 3.4.2.1 Methods to Reduce Cracking Formation in Cutting of Ceramics -- 3.4.2.2 Methods to Improve Cutting Process in Aluminum and Alloys -- 3.4.3 Role of the Assist Gas in Traditional Laser Cutting Process -- 3.4.3.1 Supersonic Nozzles -- 3.4.3.2 High-Pressure Laser Cutting -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Laser-Assisted Glass Cleaving☆ -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Multiple Laser System -- 4.3 Numerical Simulation -- 4.3.1 Assumptions and Boundary Conditions -- 4.3.2 The Beam Mode of the Continuous-Wave CO2 Laser -- 4.3.3 The Beam Mode of the Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser -- 4.4 Numerical Results and Discussions -- 4.4.1 Cleaving Temperatures -- 4.4.2 Stress Profiles -- 4.5 Crack Propagation in Laser Cleaving -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5: Laser Dicing of Silicon and Electronics Substrates -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Industrial Dicing Processes for Silicon and Electronic Substrates -- 5.2.1 Mechanical Dicing With Diamond Saws -- 5.2.2 Mechanical Scribe and Break -- 5.2.3 Water Jet Dicing -- 5.2.4 Water Jet Hybrid Dicing With Laser Radiation -- 5.2.5 Laser-Based Scribe and Break -- 5.2.6 Stealth Dicing -- 5.2.7 Laser Dicing (Short Pulse Laser) -- 5.2.8 Overview and Conclusions.
5.2.9 Scientific Publications on the Material Processing of Silicon With Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Radiation -- 5.3 Dicing of Silicon With Ultra-Fast Laser Radiation -- 5.3.1 Theoretical Analysis of the Development of the Ablation Geometry -- 5.3.2 Validation of the Ablation Model Through Experimental Results -- 5.4 Explanation of Surface Phenomena During Laser Dicing Processes -- 5.5 Factors Influencing the Aspect Ratio During Laser Dicing Processes -- 5.5.1 Peak Intensity -- 5.5.2 Wavelength -- 5.5.3 Direction of Polarization -- 5.5.4 Hybrid Experiments With Local Increase of the Substrate Temperature in the Cutting Kerf by Means of Coaxial Inc ... -- 5.5.4.1 Experimental Setup -- 5.5.4.2 Examinations of the Aspect Ratio -- 5.5.4.3 Qualitative Evaluation of the Ablation Geometry -- 5.6 Increasing Dicing Modification Depth Using High-Repetition-Rate Femtosecond Laser Radiation and Spatial Beam Shap ... -- References -- Chapter 6: Laser Machining of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Welding of Thermoplastic Composites -- 6.2.1 Influences on Laser Transmission Welding -- 6.2.2 Examples for Laser Transmission Welded Parts -- 6.2.3 Further Laser Based Welding Techniques for Composites -- 6.3 Cutting of Composite Structures -- 6.4 Repair Preparation for Composites -- 6.4.1 Composite Repair: A Challenging Procedure -- 6.4.2 Laser Processing as a Promising Solution Towards Automation -- 6.4.3 Laser Sources Used -- 6.4.4 System Technology for Laser Based Composite Repair -- 6.4.5 Laser Ablation of CFRP Structures for Composites Patch Repair -- 6.4.6 A Glimpse on Other Related Laser Based Surface Treatments -- 6.5 Process Emissions -- References -- Chapter 7: Understanding and Improving Process Control in Pulsed and Continuous Wave Laser Welding☆ -- 7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Laser Spot Welding Results, and Formation Mechanisms and Suppression Procedures of Welding Defects -- 7.2.1 Factors Affecting Laser Spot-Weld Penetration and Welding Defects -- 7.2.2 Phenomena During Spot Welding With Pulsed Laser -- 7.2.3 Suppression Procedures of Laser Spot Welding Defects -- 7.2.4 Monitoring and Adaptive Control During Laser Spot Welding -- 7.3 CW Laser Welding Results, and Formation Mechanisms and Suppression Procedures of Welding Defects -- 7.3.1 Factors Affecting Laser Weld Bead Penetration -- 7.3.2 Behavior and Characteristics of Laser-Induced Plume, and Interaction Between Laser and Induced Plume During CW ... -- 7.3.3 Suppression Procedures of Laser Welding Defects -- 7.3.4 Monitoring Results and Adaptive Control During Laser Bead Welding -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Laser Microspot Welding in Electronics Production☆ -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 State-Of-The-Art -- 8.2.1 Welding Metallurgy of Copper and Aluminum -- 8.2.2 Welding of Copper and Aluminum -- 8.3 Micro Welding of Copper and Aluminum -- 8.3.1 Strategies for Micro Welding of Copper and Aluminum -- 8.3.2 Process Characterization -- 8.3.3 Effect of Laser Beam Offset -- 8.3.4 Effect of Thin Interlayer Filler Materials -- 8.4 Reliability of Copper-Aluminum Welded Joints -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Laser Arc Hybrid Welding -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Historical Developments -- 9.1.2 Lasers and Arc Welding Systems -- 9.1.3 Advantages and Limitations -- 9.2 Laser MIG/MAG Hybrid Welding -- 9.3 Laser TIG Hybrid Welding -- 9.4 Laser PAW Hybrid Welding -- 9.5 Laser Arc Hybrid Welding Parameters -- 9.5.1 Laser Power -- 9.5.2 Welding Speed -- 9.5.3 Relative Positioning of the Laser Beam and the Arc Welding Torch -- 9.5.4 Relative Distance Between the Laser Beam and the Arc (Lase-to-Electrode Distance).
9.5.5 Focal Point Position -- 9.5.6 Angle of Electrode -- 9.5.7 Shielding Gas Composition -- 9.5.8 Power Modulation of the Arc Welding Source -- 9.5.9 Wire Feed Rate -- 9.5.10 Joint Gap -- 9.5.11 Joint Configuration and Edge Preparation -- 9.6 Improvements of Performance Characteristics and Weld Quality -- 9.7 Industrial Applications -- 9.8 Safety -- 9.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Influencing the Weld Pool During Laser Welding -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Weld-Pool Flow During Laser-Beam Welding of Metals -- 10.2 Approaches and Methods for Manipulating Weld-Pool Dynamics -- 10.2.1 Weld-Pool Manipulation Using Electromagnetic Forces -- 10.2.2 Weld-Pool Manipulation With Alloying Elements -- 10.2.3 Weld-pool manipulation via gas feed -- 10.2.4 Weld-Pool Manipulation Through Vibration -- 10.2.5 Weld-Pool Manipulation With Ultrasound -- 10.3 Ultrasound-Assisted Laser-Beam Welding -- 10.3.1 Motivation -- 10.3.2 Experimental Procedure -- 10.3.3 Influence of Ultrasound on the Weld-Pool Formation of Aluminum Bead-on-Plate Welds -- 10.3.4 Influence of Ultrasonic Excitation on the Properties of Steel-Aluminum Dissimilar Joints -- 10.3.5 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11: Laser Transformation Hardening of Steel -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Lasers in Surface Hardening -- 11.1.2 Materials for Laser Surface Hardening -- 11.1.3 Background Information -- 11.2 Recent Developments -- 11.2.1 Analytical Modeling of Laser Hardening -- 11.2.2 Numerical and FEM Analysis -- 11.2.3 Phase Transformation Behavior -- 11.2.4 Laser Transformation Hardening With Repetitive Laser Pulses -- 11.2.5 Laser Hardening of Very Low Carbon Steel Thin Sheets -- 11.2.6 Effect of Heat Sinks -- 11.2.7 Water-Assisted Laser Transformation Hardening.
11.2.8 Online Monitoring, Laser Beam Shaping and Scanning for Overlapped Hardening.
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Front Cover -- Advances in Laser Materials Processing -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1: "Light" Industry: An Overview of the Impact of Lasers on Manufacturing -- 1.1 The Laser, and the Generation of a Mature Industry -- 1.2 Economic Impact of Laser Materials Processing -- 1.3 The Developing Application Space -- 1.3.1 Driving Forces -- 1.3.2 Application Trends -- 1.3.3 Source Development and Deployment -- 1.3.3.1 The Technology -- 1.3.3.2 In-Process Analysis and Control -- 1.4 Future Predictions -- 1.4.1 Previous Reflections -- 1.4.2 Coming Soon? -- References -- Chapter 2: The Challenges Ahead for Laser Macro, Micro and Nano Manufacturing☆ -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Laser Cutting -- 2.2.1 Fiber/Disk Laser Versus CO2 Laser Cutting -- 2.2.2 Cutting Brittle Materials -- 2.2.3 Cutting Composite and Inhomogeneous Materials -- 2.2.4 Cutting Variable Thickness Materials -- 2.2.5 Cutting Thick-Section Materials -- 2.2.6 Striation-Free and Recast-Free Cutting -- 2.2.7 Super-High Speed Remote Cutting and Vapor Pressure Cutting -- 2.3 Laser Welding -- 2.3.1 Hybrid Laser Arc Welding -- 2.3.2 Welding Thick-Section Materials -- 2.3.3 Welding Ultra-Thin-Section Materials -- 2.3.4 Welding Dissimilar Materials -- 2.3.5 Porosity Control -- 2.3.6 Net-Shape Welding -- 2.4 Laser Drilling -- 2.4.1 Hybrid Laser Drilling -- 2.4.2 Ultra-Short Pulse Laser Drilling -- 2.5 Laser Surface Engineering -- 2.6 Additive Multiple Layer Manufacturing -- 2.7 Micro/Nano Fabrication -- 2.7.1 Precision Micro-Cutting -- 2.7.2 Laser Surface Micro-Texturing -- 2.7.3 Direct-Write Micro-Deposition -- 2.7.4 Nano-Fabrication -- 2.8 Fundamental Beam/Material Interactions and Process Modeling -- 2.9 Laser Systems -- 2.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Laser Fusion Cutting of Difficult Materials☆.

3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Principles Involved in Fusion Laser Cutting -- 3.3 Experiences in Laser Cutting of Difficult Materials -- 3.3.1 Cutting of Metals, Aluminum, and Alloys -- 3.3.2 Cutting of Ceramics -- 3.4 Attempts to Improve Cutting Process -- 3.4.1 Processing in Pulsed Mode -- 3.4.1.1 Processing Ceramics in Pulsed Mode to Avoid Thermal Cracking -- 3.4.1.2 Processing Aluminum Alloys in Pulsed Mode to Improve Cutting Efficiency -- 3.4.2 Miscellaneous Methods to Improve Cutting Process -- 3.4.2.1 Methods to Reduce Cracking Formation in Cutting of Ceramics -- 3.4.2.2 Methods to Improve Cutting Process in Aluminum and Alloys -- 3.4.3 Role of the Assist Gas in Traditional Laser Cutting Process -- 3.4.3.1 Supersonic Nozzles -- 3.4.3.2 High-Pressure Laser Cutting -- 3.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Laser-Assisted Glass Cleaving☆ -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Multiple Laser System -- 4.3 Numerical Simulation -- 4.3.1 Assumptions and Boundary Conditions -- 4.3.2 The Beam Mode of the Continuous-Wave CO2 Laser -- 4.3.3 The Beam Mode of the Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser -- 4.4 Numerical Results and Discussions -- 4.4.1 Cleaving Temperatures -- 4.4.2 Stress Profiles -- 4.5 Crack Propagation in Laser Cleaving -- 4.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 5: Laser Dicing of Silicon and Electronics Substrates -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Industrial Dicing Processes for Silicon and Electronic Substrates -- 5.2.1 Mechanical Dicing With Diamond Saws -- 5.2.2 Mechanical Scribe and Break -- 5.2.3 Water Jet Dicing -- 5.2.4 Water Jet Hybrid Dicing With Laser Radiation -- 5.2.5 Laser-Based Scribe and Break -- 5.2.6 Stealth Dicing -- 5.2.7 Laser Dicing (Short Pulse Laser) -- 5.2.8 Overview and Conclusions.

5.2.9 Scientific Publications on the Material Processing of Silicon With Ultra-Short Pulsed Laser Radiation -- 5.3 Dicing of Silicon With Ultra-Fast Laser Radiation -- 5.3.1 Theoretical Analysis of the Development of the Ablation Geometry -- 5.3.2 Validation of the Ablation Model Through Experimental Results -- 5.4 Explanation of Surface Phenomena During Laser Dicing Processes -- 5.5 Factors Influencing the Aspect Ratio During Laser Dicing Processes -- 5.5.1 Peak Intensity -- 5.5.2 Wavelength -- 5.5.3 Direction of Polarization -- 5.5.4 Hybrid Experiments With Local Increase of the Substrate Temperature in the Cutting Kerf by Means of Coaxial Inc ... -- 5.5.4.1 Experimental Setup -- 5.5.4.2 Examinations of the Aspect Ratio -- 5.5.4.3 Qualitative Evaluation of the Ablation Geometry -- 5.6 Increasing Dicing Modification Depth Using High-Repetition-Rate Femtosecond Laser Radiation and Spatial Beam Shap ... -- References -- Chapter 6: Laser Machining of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Welding of Thermoplastic Composites -- 6.2.1 Influences on Laser Transmission Welding -- 6.2.2 Examples for Laser Transmission Welded Parts -- 6.2.3 Further Laser Based Welding Techniques for Composites -- 6.3 Cutting of Composite Structures -- 6.4 Repair Preparation for Composites -- 6.4.1 Composite Repair: A Challenging Procedure -- 6.4.2 Laser Processing as a Promising Solution Towards Automation -- 6.4.3 Laser Sources Used -- 6.4.4 System Technology for Laser Based Composite Repair -- 6.4.5 Laser Ablation of CFRP Structures for Composites Patch Repair -- 6.4.6 A Glimpse on Other Related Laser Based Surface Treatments -- 6.5 Process Emissions -- References -- Chapter 7: Understanding and Improving Process Control in Pulsed and Continuous Wave Laser Welding☆ -- 7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Laser Spot Welding Results, and Formation Mechanisms and Suppression Procedures of Welding Defects -- 7.2.1 Factors Affecting Laser Spot-Weld Penetration and Welding Defects -- 7.2.2 Phenomena During Spot Welding With Pulsed Laser -- 7.2.3 Suppression Procedures of Laser Spot Welding Defects -- 7.2.4 Monitoring and Adaptive Control During Laser Spot Welding -- 7.3 CW Laser Welding Results, and Formation Mechanisms and Suppression Procedures of Welding Defects -- 7.3.1 Factors Affecting Laser Weld Bead Penetration -- 7.3.2 Behavior and Characteristics of Laser-Induced Plume, and Interaction Between Laser and Induced Plume During CW ... -- 7.3.3 Suppression Procedures of Laser Welding Defects -- 7.3.4 Monitoring Results and Adaptive Control During Laser Bead Welding -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Laser Microspot Welding in Electronics Production☆ -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 State-Of-The-Art -- 8.2.1 Welding Metallurgy of Copper and Aluminum -- 8.2.2 Welding of Copper and Aluminum -- 8.3 Micro Welding of Copper and Aluminum -- 8.3.1 Strategies for Micro Welding of Copper and Aluminum -- 8.3.2 Process Characterization -- 8.3.3 Effect of Laser Beam Offset -- 8.3.4 Effect of Thin Interlayer Filler Materials -- 8.4 Reliability of Copper-Aluminum Welded Joints -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Laser Arc Hybrid Welding -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Historical Developments -- 9.1.2 Lasers and Arc Welding Systems -- 9.1.3 Advantages and Limitations -- 9.2 Laser MIG/MAG Hybrid Welding -- 9.3 Laser TIG Hybrid Welding -- 9.4 Laser PAW Hybrid Welding -- 9.5 Laser Arc Hybrid Welding Parameters -- 9.5.1 Laser Power -- 9.5.2 Welding Speed -- 9.5.3 Relative Positioning of the Laser Beam and the Arc Welding Torch -- 9.5.4 Relative Distance Between the Laser Beam and the Arc (Lase-to-Electrode Distance).

9.5.5 Focal Point Position -- 9.5.6 Angle of Electrode -- 9.5.7 Shielding Gas Composition -- 9.5.8 Power Modulation of the Arc Welding Source -- 9.5.9 Wire Feed Rate -- 9.5.10 Joint Gap -- 9.5.11 Joint Configuration and Edge Preparation -- 9.6 Improvements of Performance Characteristics and Weld Quality -- 9.7 Industrial Applications -- 9.8 Safety -- 9.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Influencing the Weld Pool During Laser Welding -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Weld-Pool Flow During Laser-Beam Welding of Metals -- 10.2 Approaches and Methods for Manipulating Weld-Pool Dynamics -- 10.2.1 Weld-Pool Manipulation Using Electromagnetic Forces -- 10.2.2 Weld-Pool Manipulation With Alloying Elements -- 10.2.3 Weld-pool manipulation via gas feed -- 10.2.4 Weld-Pool Manipulation Through Vibration -- 10.2.5 Weld-Pool Manipulation With Ultrasound -- 10.3 Ultrasound-Assisted Laser-Beam Welding -- 10.3.1 Motivation -- 10.3.2 Experimental Procedure -- 10.3.3 Influence of Ultrasound on the Weld-Pool Formation of Aluminum Bead-on-Plate Welds -- 10.3.4 Influence of Ultrasonic Excitation on the Properties of Steel-Aluminum Dissimilar Joints -- 10.3.5 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11: Laser Transformation Hardening of Steel -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Lasers in Surface Hardening -- 11.1.2 Materials for Laser Surface Hardening -- 11.1.3 Background Information -- 11.2 Recent Developments -- 11.2.1 Analytical Modeling of Laser Hardening -- 11.2.2 Numerical and FEM Analysis -- 11.2.3 Phase Transformation Behavior -- 11.2.4 Laser Transformation Hardening With Repetitive Laser Pulses -- 11.2.5 Laser Hardening of Very Low Carbon Steel Thin Sheets -- 11.2.6 Effect of Heat Sinks -- 11.2.7 Water-Assisted Laser Transformation Hardening.

11.2.8 Online Monitoring, Laser Beam Shaping and Scanning for Overlapped Hardening.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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