Hydrology and Global Environmental Change.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Series preface -- Volume preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Hydrology, earth system science and global environmental change -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Hydrology and earth system science -- 1.3 Hydrology and global environmental change -- 1.4 Hydrology in practice -- 1.5 The structure of the book -- Chapter 2 The global water balance -- 2.1 Introduction to the hydrological system -- 2.2 The global hydrological cycle: budgets and fluxes -- 2.3 An overview -- Chapter 3 Components of the water balance -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Precipitation -- Types of precipitation -- The formation of precipitation -- Spatial structure in precipitation patterns -- Where does the moisture come from? -- Snowmelt -- 3.3 Interception -- The components of interception -- Influence of vegetation properties on interception -- The characteristics of the precipitation event -- Stemflow -- Cloud water interception -- 3.4 Evaporation and transpiration -- Energy for evaporation -- Aerodynamic factors: humidity and turbulence -- Evaporation from open water -- Evaporation from snow on the ground -- Evaporation from bare soil -- Vegetation and evaporation -- Vegetation effects on thermodynamic and aerodynamic driving forces -- Plant controls on transpiration -- Evaporation of intercepted water -- Evaporation from wetlands -- Total evaporation from an area -- Estimating evaporation -- Evaporation when water is limited -- Evaporation and transpiration: an overview -- 3.5 Soil moisture -- Soil water content -- Soil water movement -- Infiltration into the soil -- Variation in soil moisture over space -- Where does soil water go? -- 3.6 Groundwater -- Aquifer properties -- Recharge processes -- Groundwater movement -- Where does groundwater go? -- 3.7 Runoff generation and streamflow -- Streamflow and runoff.

Runoff generation processes -- Humid environments -- Dry environments -- Cold environments -- 3.8 An overview -- Chapter 4 Patterns of hydrological behaviour -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Indicators of hydrological behaviour -- River flows -- Groundwater recharge and levels -- Evaporation -- 4.3 Variations in hydrological behaviour over space -- Annual, monthly and daily flow regimes -- Year-to-year variations in annual and seasonal runoff -- Variations in flood characteristics -- Variations in low flow characteristics -- Groundwater levels and recharge -- Variations over space: an overview -- 4.4 Variations in hydrological behaviour over time -- The "long term": variations in hydrological regime over the last few thousand years -- The instrumental period: the mid-1800s to the present -- Understanding variability over time in hydrological behaviour -- Hydrological records with memory: lakes -- 4.5 Hydrological behaviour: an overview -- Chapter 5 Water quality and the flux of materials -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Physical water quality -- Sediment load -- Water colour -- Water temperature -- Dissolved oxygen -- 5.3 Chemical water quality -- Sources and processes -- Variations over space -- Variations over time -- Total chemical load: solute and suspended sediment transport -- 5.4 Biogeochemical cycles -- The carbon cycle -- The nitrogen cycle -- The phosphorus cycle -- The sulphur cycle -- The oxygen cycle -- 5.5 Concluding comments -- Chapter 6 Change in the catchment -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Detecting and estimating the effects of catchment change -- Analysis of observed time series -- Catchment experiments -- Computer simulation -- 6.3 Effects of changes in catchment land cover -- Deforestation -- Afforestation -- Agriculture -- Urbanisation and industrial development -- Mining and mineral extraction -- 6.4 Effects of changes in catchment water use.

Domestic and municipal abstractions and returns -- Industrial abstractions and returns -- Agricultural abstractions and returns -- Impoundment and transfers -- 6.5 Effects of physical changes in the river network -- 6.6 Overview -- Chapter 7 Changes to the inputs to the catchment: acid deposition and global warming -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Acid deposition -- Sources of material -- Deposition on the catchment -- Catchment processes: from acid deposition to acidified rivers and lakes -- River acidification: hydrological dynamics -- The indirect effects of acid deposition -- The effectiveness of mitigation -- Acid deposition and the hydrological system: an overview -- 7.3 Climate change due to global warming -- Can the effects of climate change be detected in hydrological data? -- Estimating future hydrological characteristics -- Precipitation in the future -- Effects on evaporation -- Effects on streamflow regimes -- Effects on groundwater recharge -- Effects on water quality -- Climate change and hydrological regimes: an overview -- 7.4 Overview -- Chapter 8 Hydrological processes and the earth system -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Hydrological processes and the atmosphere -- Effects on the atmosphere of variations over space and time in surface moisture -- Wetlands, lakes and the atmosphere -- Effects of human interventions -- 8.3 Hydrological processes and the oceans -- Fluxes of water from land to sea -- Human impacts on the flux of water from land to sea -- Material fluxes to the sea -- Human impacts on material fluxes -- 8.4 Incorporating hydrological processes into climate models -- Modelling the partitioning of energy -- Modelling the transport of water along the river network -- 8.5 Overview -- Chapter 9 Hydrology and global environmental change: an overview -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 An overall summary.

9.3 Hydrological science in the twenty-first century -- 9.4 Hydrology, global environmental change and water management -- Appendix 1 Acronyms -- Appendix 2 Web-sites -- References -- Index -- Plates.

Hydrology and Global Environmental Change presents the hydrological contribution to, and consequences of, global environmental change. Assuming little or no prior knowledge on the part of the reader, the book looks at the main processes of global environmental change - global scale processes, large regional processes, repetitive processes - and how the hydrological cycle, processes and regimes impact on GEC and vice-versa.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.