Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

Intro -- TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE, CHRONIC AND WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL ON EMOTIONAL LEARNING -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BRAIN AREAS INVOLVED IN THE MODULATION OF LEARNING BY ETHANOL -- EFFECTS OF ACUTE ETHANOL ON AVERSIVE LEARNING -- Standard Fear Conditioning -- Trace Fear Conditioning -- Passive Avoidance -- Factors Influencing the Effects of Ethanol on Aversive Learning -- Summary -- EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ETHANOL AND WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL ON AVERSIVE LEARNING -- EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ETHANOL ON AVERSIVE LEARNING -- Passive Avoidance -- Fear Conditioning -- EFFECTS OF WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL ON AVERSIVE LEARNING -- CHRONIC INTERMITTENT ETHANOL AND WITHDRAWAL -- Fear Conditioning -- Passive Avoidance -- EFFECTS OF SINGLE WITHDRAWAL FROM CHRONIC ETHANOL -- Passive Avoidance -- POST-WITHDRAWAL EFFECTS OF ETHANOL ON AVERSIVE LEARNING -- Fear Conditioning -- Passive Avoidance -- CELLULAR PROCESSES UNDERLYING ETHANOL-INDUCED MEMORY DEFICITS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 ENHANCED ODORANT PREFERENCE ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING IN C. ELEGANS WITH PROTEIN KINASE C-INTERACTIVE PROTEIN (PKCI)/HINT1 MUTATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- Strains of C. Elegans -- Chemicals and Reagents -- Odorant Preference Assay -- Odor-Food Associative Conditioning (Modification of Zhang et al., 2005 Illustrated in Figure 1) -- Statistical Analysis -- RESULTS -- Odorant Preference in Wild Type C. Elegans Has the Least Error When 0.01% Benzaldehyde is Paired with 0.01% Diacetyl -- Enhanced Diacetyl-Starvation, But Not Benzaldehyde-Food, Paired Associative Learning in Wild Type C. Elegans -- Both Diacetyl-Starvation and Benzaldehyde-Food Associative Learning Are Enhanced in Tag-202 Mutant C. Elegans (VC645).

DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) AND ADULT NEUROGENESIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BDNF IS IMPORTANT FOR ADULT NEUROGENESIS, BOTH IN DENTATE GYRUS AND SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE -- DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER NEUROTRANSMITTERS -- Serotonin -- GABA (γ-Aminobutyric Acid) -- Other Transmitters -- DISRUPTED BDNF GRADIENT AND ALTERED NEUROGENESIS IN BRAIN DAMAGES, DISORDER DISEASES AND DEGENERATING CONDITIONS -- Brain Trauma and Stroke -- Epilepsy -- NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS -- Alzheimer's Disease -- Parkinson's Disease -- HIV-Associated Dementia -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 NEURAL MECHANISMS FOR EXPERTISE IN MENTAL IMAGERY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGICAL CONCERNS -- MENTAL AND MOTOR IMAGERY -- AUDITORY IMAGERY -- MENTAL ROTATION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 LANGUAGE PROCESSING ACROSS MODALITIES: INSIGHTS FROM BIMODAL BILINGUALISM -- ABSTRACT -- 1. BIMODAL BILINGUALISM AND THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM -- 2. REPRESENTATION AND PROCESSING OF SIGN LANGUAGES -- 2.1. Structure of Sign Languages -- 2.2. Cognitive Representation of Sign Languages -- 2.3. Processing Patterns in Bimodal Bilinguals -- 3. MODELING LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN BIMODAL BILINGUALS -- 3.1. Modeling Language Production in Bimodal Bilinguals -- 3.2. Modeling Language Perception in Bimodal Bilinguals -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 EXPLOITING THE RELATIONSHIP OF NATURAL LANGUAGE AND COMPUTER SCIENCE: A NOVEL THEORETICAL APPROACH TO FAIRNESS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MOTIVATION -- 3. BACKGROUND -- 4. EVOLUTIONARY FAIRNESS -- 5. SCIENTIFIC FAIRNESS -- 6. PSYCHOLOGICAL FAIRNESS -- 7. EMPATHETIC FAIRNESS -- 8. DYNAMIC FAIRNESS -- 9. COMPUTATIONAL FAIRNESS -- 10. THE BLACK BOX: NO FREE LUNCH -- 11. EXECUTIVE FAIRNESS -- 12. ACCURATE REPRESENTATIONS.

13. ACCURATE REASONING -- 14. A USAGE-BASED APPROACH TO LANGUAGE: CLASSES, METHODS, AND FITNESS -- 15. SEMANTIC FAIRNESS -- 16. DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 ZERO POWER AND SELFLESSNESS: WHAT MEDITATION AND CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION HAVE IN COMMON -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE -- 2.1. Methodology -- 2.2. Findings -- 2.3. Interpretation of the Experimental Evidence -- 3. PANSYCHISM OR INTERNAL PROCESS? SOME FINAL SPECULATION ON CONSCIOUSNESS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 EARLY MEMORIES OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR INFANTILE AMNESIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Infantile Amnesia in Children -- Episodic versus Generic Memories -- Gender -- Emotion -- The Current Study -- Hypotheses -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Participants -- Procedure -- Coding -- Number of Memories and Age at First Memory -- Age at the Time of Each Memory -- Affect -- Specificity -- RESULTS -- Number of Memories -- Distribution of Early Memories -- Age at Earliest Memory -- Correlations between Age at Earliest Memory and Number of Memories -- Affect of Memories -- Episodic versus Generic Memories -- Analyses of Data from the Group-Administered Adult Sample -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 APOE 4 ALLELE AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: PERSPECTIVES ON AD PATHOGENESIS AND THERAPY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- APOE FUNCTION -- APOE GENE POLYMORPHISMS -- APOE POLYMORPHISM AND ETHNIC VARIATIONS -- PATHWAYS TOWARDS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE YOU CANNOT CHOOSE YOUR PARENTS -- HOW DO THE THREE APOE ALLELES AND THEIR ENCODED PROTEIN ISOFORMS ALTER THE RISK OF DEVELOPING AD? -- ApoE and Aβ -- ApoE and Neurofibrillary Tangles -- ApoE, Aβ and Cholinergic Dysfunction -- Cholesterol and AD: ApoE and Epidemiology -- ApoE and Signalling -- CURRENT TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER DISEASE.

APOE AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR AD -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 THE "EGOCENTRIC" AMERICANS? LONG-TERM MEMORY FOR PUBLIC EVENTS IN FIVE COUNTRIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHOD -- Participants -- Procedure -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY AND THE STUDY OF PROCEDURAL AND EPISODIC MEMORY FUNCTION IN SONGBIRDS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SONG LEARNING IN ZEBRA FINCHES -- 3. SONG CONTROL REGIONS AND CIRCUITS IN SONGBIRDS -- 4. THE HIPPOCAMPUS AND EPISODIC-LIKE MEMORY IN ZEBRA FINCHES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 NEED DENDRITIC SPINES? THERE'S AN APP FOR THAT -- ABSTRACT -- 1. APP AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) -- 2. ROLES OF ABETA AT SYNAPSES -- 3. ROLES OF APP AT SYNAPSES -- 4. REGULATION OF APP PROCESSING AT SYNAPSES BY ACTIVITY -- 5. APP AND SPINE FORMATION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 CHOLESTEROL AND NEURONAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TO BETA-AMYLOID TOXICITY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHOLESTEROL PRODUCTION IN THE BRAIN -- 3. APOE4 IN CHOLESTEROL HOMEOSTASIS AND AD PATHOGENESIS -- 4. CHOLESTEROL AND A PRODUCTION -- 5. CHOLESTEROL MIGHT MEDIATE A-MEMBRANE INTERACTIONS -- 6. CHOLESTEROL AND A TOXICITY -- 7. CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING DRUGS: A POSSIBILITY FOR AD PREVENTION? -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

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