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Energy Audit of Building Systems : An Engineering Approach, Third Edition.

By: Material type: TextTextSeries: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering SeriesPublisher: Milton : Taylor & Francis Group, 2020Copyright date: ©2021Edition: 3rd edDescription: 1 online resource (658 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781000259773
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Energy Audit of Building SystemsDDC classification:
  • 696
LOC classification:
  • TJ163.5.B84 .K737 2021
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Author Biography -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Energy Audit -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Types of Energy Audits -- 1.2.1. Walk-Through Audit -- 1.2.2. Utility Cost Analysis -- 1.2.3. Standard Energy Audit -- 1.2.4. Detailed Energy Audit -- 1.3. General Procedure for a Detailed Energy Audit -- 1.3.1. Step: Building and Utility Data Analysis -- 1.3.2. Step: Walk-Through Survey -- 1.3.3. Step: Baseline for Building Energy Use -- 1.3.4. Step: Evaluation of Energy Savings Measures -- 1.4. Common Energy Conservation Measures -- 1.4.1. Building Envelope -- 1.4.2. Electrical Systems -- 1.4.3. HVAC Systems -- 1.4.4. Compressed Air Systems -- 1.4.5. Energy Management Controls -- 1.4.6. Indoor Water Management -- 1.4.7. New Technologies -- 1.5. Case Study -- 1.5.1. Step 1: Building and Utility Data Analysis -- 1.5.2. Step 2: On-Site Survey -- 1.5.3. Step 3: Energy Use Baseline Model -- 1.5.4. Step 4: Evaluation of Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) -- 1.5.5. Step 5: Recommendations -- 1.6. Verification Methods of Energy Savings -- 1.7. Summary -- Chapter 2: Energy Sources and Utility Rate Structures -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Energy Resources -- 2.1.1. Electricity -- 2.2.1.1. Overall Consumption and Price -- 2.2.1.2. Future of US Electricity -- 2.2.1.3. Utility Deregulation Impact -- 2.2.2. Natural Gas -- 2.2.3. Petroleum Products -- 2.2.4. Coal -- 2.3. Electricity Rates -- 2.3.1. Common Features of Utility Rates -- 2.3.1.1. Billing Demand -- 2.3.1.2. Power Factor Clause -- 2.3.1.3. Ratchet Clause -- 2.3.1.4. Fuel Cost Adjustment -- 2.3.1.5. Service Level -- 2.3.2. Block Pricing Rates -- 2.3.3. Seasonal Pricing Rates -- 2.3.4. Innovative Rates -- 2.3.4.1. Time-of-Use (TOU) Rates -- 2.3.4.2. Real-Time Pricing Rates -- 2.3.4.3. The End-Use Rates.
2.3.4.4. Specialty Rates -- 2.3.4.5. Financial Incentive Rates -- 2.3.4.6. Nonfirm Rates -- 2.3.4.7. Energy Purchase Rates -- 2.3.5. Real-Time Pricing Rates -- 2.3.5.1. Category: Base Bill and Incremental Energy Charge Rates -- 2.3.5.2. Category: Total Energy Charge Rates -- 2.3.5.3. Category: Day-Type Rates -- 2.3.5.4. Category: Index-Type Rates -- 2.3.6. Case Study of RTP Rates -- 2.4. Natural Gas Rates -- 2.5. Utility Rates for Other Energy Sources -- 2.6. Summary -- Chapter 3: Economic Analysis -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Basic Concepts -- 3.2.1. Interest Rate -- 3.3. Inflation Rate -- 3.3.1. Tax Rate -- 3.3.2. Cash Flows -- 3.4. Compounding Factors -- 3.4.1. Single Payment -- 3.4.2. Uniform-Series Payment -- 3.5. Economic Evaluation Methods Among Alternatives -- 3.5.1. Net Present Worth -- 3.5.2. Rate of Return -- 3.5.3. BenefitCost Ratio -- 3.5.4. Payback Period -- 3.5.5. Cost of Energy -- 3.5.6. Summary of Economic Analysis Methods -- 3.6. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Method -- 3.7. General Procedure for an Economic Evaluation -- 3.8. Financing Options -- 3.8.1. Direct Purchasing -- 3.8.2. Leasing -- 3.8.3. Performance Contracting -- 3.9. Summary -- Chapter 4: Energy Analysis Tools -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Ratio-Based Methods -- 4.2.1. Introduction -- 4.2.2. Types of Ratios -- 4.2.3. Examples of Energy Ratios -- 4.3. Inverse Modeling Methods -- 4.3.1. Steady-State Inverse Models -- 4.3.1.1. ANAGRAM Method -- 4.3.1.2. PRISM Method -- 4.3.2. Dynamic Models -- 4.4. Forward Modeling Methods -- 4.4.1. Steady-State Methods -- 4.4.2. Degree-Day Methods -- 4.4.3. Bin Methods -- 4.4.4. Dynamic Methods -- 4.5. Summary -- Chapter 5: Electrical Systems -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Review Of Basics -- 5.2.1. Alternating Current Systems -- 5.2.2. Power Factor Improvement -- 5.3. Electrical Motors -- 5.3.1. Introduction.
5.3.2. Overview of Electrical Motors -- 5.3.3. Energy-Efficient Motors -- 5.3.3.1. General Description -- 5.3.3.2. Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs) -- 5.3.3.3. Energy Savings Calculations -- 5.4. Lighting Systems -- 5.4.1. Introduction -- 5.4.2. Energy-Efficient Lighting Systems -- 5.4.2.1. High-Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps -- 5.4.2.2. Compact Fluorescent Lamps -- 5.4.2.3. Compact Halogen Lamps -- 5.4.2.4. Electronic Ballasts -- 5.4.3. Lighting Controls -- 5.4.3.1. Occupancy Sensors -- 5.4.3.2. Light Dimming Systems -- 5.4.3.3. Energy Savings from Daylighting Controls -- 5.5. Electrical Appliances -- 5.5.1. Office Equipment -- 5.5.2. Residential Appliances -- 5.6. Electrical Distribution Systems -- 5.6.1. Introduction -- 5.6.2. Transformers -- 5.6.3. Electrical Wires -- 5.7. Power Quality -- 5.7.1. Introduction -- 5.7.2. Total Harmonic Distortion -- 5.8. Summary -- Chapter 6: Building Envelope -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Basic Heat Transfer Concepts -- 6.2.1. Heat Transfer from Walls and Roofs -- 6.2.2. Infiltration Heat Loss/Gain -- 6.2.3. Variable-Base Degree-Days Method -- 6.3. Simplified Calculation Tools for Building Envelope Audit -- 6.3.1. Estimation of the Energy Use Savings -- 6.3.2. Estimation of the BLC for the Building -- 6.3.3. Estimation of the Degree-Days -- 6.3.4. Foundation Heat Transfer Calculations -- 6.3.5. Simplified Calculation Method for Building Foundation Heat Loss/Gain -- 6.3.5.1. Calculation Example No. 1: Basement for a Residential Building -- 6.3.5.2. Calculation Example No. 2: Freezer Slab -- 6.4. Selected Retrofits For Building Envelope -- 6.4.1. Insulation of Poorly Insulated Building Envelope Components -- 6.4.2. Window Improvements -- 6.4.3. Reduction of Air Infiltration -- 6.4.4. Implementation of Breathing Walls -- 6.5. Summary -- Chapter 7: Secondary HVAC Systems -- 7.1. Introduction.
7.2. Types of Secondary HVAC Systems -- 7.3. Ventilation Systems -- 7.3.1. Ventilation Air Intake -- 7.3.2. Air Filters -- 7.3.3. Air-Side Economizers -- 7.3.3.1. Temperature Economizer Cycle -- 7.3.3.2. Enthalpy Economizer Cycle -- 7.4. Ventilation of Parking Garages -- 7.4.1. Existing Codes and Standards -- 7.4.2. General Methodology for Estimating the Ventilation Requirements for Parking Garages -- 7.4.2.1. Step. Collect Data About Parking Garage -- 7.4.2.2. Step. Estimate CO Generation Rate -- 7.4.2.3. Step. Determine the Required Ventilation Rate -- 7.5. Indoor Temperature Controls -- 7.6. Upgrade of Fan Systems -- 7.6.1. Introduction -- 7.6.2. Basic Principles of Fan Operation -- 7.6.3. Duct Leakage -- 7.6.4. Damper Leakage -- 7.6.5. Size Adjustment -- 7.7. Heat Recovery Systems -- 7.7.1. Introduction -- 7.7.2. Types of Heat Recovery Systems -- 7.7.3. Performance of Heat Recovery Systems -- 7.7.4. Simplified Analysis Methods -- 7.8. Common HVAC Retrofit Measures -- 7.8.1. Reduction of Outdoor Air Volume -- 7.8.2. Reset Hot or Cold Deck Temperatures -- 7.8.3. CV to VAV System Retrofit -- 7.9. Summary -- Chapter 8: Primary Heating and Cooling Systems -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Heating Systems -- 8.2.1. Overview of Combustion Principles -- 8.2.2. Boiler Configurations and Components -- 8.2.2.1. Boiler Types -- 8.2.2.2. Boiler Firing Systems -- 8.2.3. Boiler Thermal Efficiency -- 8.2.4. Boiler Efficiency Improvements -- 8.2.4.1. Tune-Up of Boilers -- 8.2.4.2. High-Efficiency Boilers -- 8.2.4.3. Modular Boilers -- 8.3. Cooling Systems -- 8.3.1. Overview of Cooling Principles -- 8.3.2. Types of Cooling Systems -- 8.3.2.1. Unitary AC Systems -- 8.3.2.2. Packaged AC Systems -- 8.3.2.3. Heat Pumps -- 8.3.2.4. Central Chillers -- 8.3.3. Retrofit Measures for Cooling Systems -- 8.3.3.1. Chiller Replacement -- 8.3.3.2. Chiller Control Improvement.
8.3.3.3. Multiple Chillers -- 8.3.3.4. Alternate Cooling Systems -- 8.3.4. Impact of Oversizing Air-Conditioning Systems -- 8.3.4.1. HVAC Systems Design Approach -- 8.3.4.2. Impact of AC Sizing on Energy Use -- 8.4. Water Distribution Systems -- 8.4.1. Pumps -- 8.4.2. Pump and System Curves -- 8.4.3. Analysis of Water Distribution Systems -- 8.5. Summary -- Chapter 9: Distributed Energy Systems -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Combined Heat and Power Systems -- 9.2.1. Types of CHP Systems -- 9.2.1.1. Conventional CHP Systems -- 9.2.1.2. Packaged CHP Systems -- 9.2.1.3. Fuel Cells -- 9.2.2. Evaluation of CHP Systems -- 9.2.2.1. Efficiency of CHP Systems -- 9.2.2.2. Simplified Analysis of CHP Systems -- 9.2.3. Financial Options for CHP Systems -- 9.3. Renewable Energy Systems -- 9.3.1. Passive Solar Systems -- 9.3.2. Solar Thermal Collectors -- 9.3.2.1. Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems -- 9.3.2.2. Solar Combisystems -- 9.3.2.3. Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors -- 9.3.3. Photovoltaic Systems -- 9.3.3.1. PV System Configurations -- 9.3.3.2. Analysis of PV System Performance -- 9.3.3.3. PV System Components -- 9.4. Thermal Energy Storage Systems -- 9.4.1. Types of TES Systems -- 9.4.2. Operation of TES Systems -- 9.4.3. Control Strategies of TES Systems -- 9.4.3.1. Full Storage -- 9.4.3.2. Partial Storage -- 9.4.4. Options for TES Operating Cost Reduction -- 9.4.4.1. Feasibility Analysis of TES Systems -- 9.4.4.2. Operation Improvements of TES Systems -- 9.5. District Energy Systems -- 9.5.1. Overview of DES -- 9.5.2. Benefits of DES -- 9.5.3. Technologies for Heating -- 9.5.4. Technologies for Cooling -- 9.5.5. DES Distribution Systems -- 9.5.6. DES End-User Systems -- 9.5.7. Simplified Analysis of DES -- 9.6. Summary -- Chapter 10: Energy Management Control Systems -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Basic Control Principles -- 10.2.1. Control Modes.
10.2.2. Intelligent Control Systems.
Summary: Updated to include recent advances, the new edition presents strategies and analysis methods for conserving energy and reducing operating costs in residential and commercial buildings. Auditors, managers, and students will find this to be an invaluable resource for their work.
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Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Author Biography -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Energy Audit -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Types of Energy Audits -- 1.2.1. Walk-Through Audit -- 1.2.2. Utility Cost Analysis -- 1.2.3. Standard Energy Audit -- 1.2.4. Detailed Energy Audit -- 1.3. General Procedure for a Detailed Energy Audit -- 1.3.1. Step: Building and Utility Data Analysis -- 1.3.2. Step: Walk-Through Survey -- 1.3.3. Step: Baseline for Building Energy Use -- 1.3.4. Step: Evaluation of Energy Savings Measures -- 1.4. Common Energy Conservation Measures -- 1.4.1. Building Envelope -- 1.4.2. Electrical Systems -- 1.4.3. HVAC Systems -- 1.4.4. Compressed Air Systems -- 1.4.5. Energy Management Controls -- 1.4.6. Indoor Water Management -- 1.4.7. New Technologies -- 1.5. Case Study -- 1.5.1. Step 1: Building and Utility Data Analysis -- 1.5.2. Step 2: On-Site Survey -- 1.5.3. Step 3: Energy Use Baseline Model -- 1.5.4. Step 4: Evaluation of Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECOs) -- 1.5.5. Step 5: Recommendations -- 1.6. Verification Methods of Energy Savings -- 1.7. Summary -- Chapter 2: Energy Sources and Utility Rate Structures -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Energy Resources -- 2.1.1. Electricity -- 2.2.1.1. Overall Consumption and Price -- 2.2.1.2. Future of US Electricity -- 2.2.1.3. Utility Deregulation Impact -- 2.2.2. Natural Gas -- 2.2.3. Petroleum Products -- 2.2.4. Coal -- 2.3. Electricity Rates -- 2.3.1. Common Features of Utility Rates -- 2.3.1.1. Billing Demand -- 2.3.1.2. Power Factor Clause -- 2.3.1.3. Ratchet Clause -- 2.3.1.4. Fuel Cost Adjustment -- 2.3.1.5. Service Level -- 2.3.2. Block Pricing Rates -- 2.3.3. Seasonal Pricing Rates -- 2.3.4. Innovative Rates -- 2.3.4.1. Time-of-Use (TOU) Rates -- 2.3.4.2. Real-Time Pricing Rates -- 2.3.4.3. The End-Use Rates.

2.3.4.4. Specialty Rates -- 2.3.4.5. Financial Incentive Rates -- 2.3.4.6. Nonfirm Rates -- 2.3.4.7. Energy Purchase Rates -- 2.3.5. Real-Time Pricing Rates -- 2.3.5.1. Category: Base Bill and Incremental Energy Charge Rates -- 2.3.5.2. Category: Total Energy Charge Rates -- 2.3.5.3. Category: Day-Type Rates -- 2.3.5.4. Category: Index-Type Rates -- 2.3.6. Case Study of RTP Rates -- 2.4. Natural Gas Rates -- 2.5. Utility Rates for Other Energy Sources -- 2.6. Summary -- Chapter 3: Economic Analysis -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Basic Concepts -- 3.2.1. Interest Rate -- 3.3. Inflation Rate -- 3.3.1. Tax Rate -- 3.3.2. Cash Flows -- 3.4. Compounding Factors -- 3.4.1. Single Payment -- 3.4.2. Uniform-Series Payment -- 3.5. Economic Evaluation Methods Among Alternatives -- 3.5.1. Net Present Worth -- 3.5.2. Rate of Return -- 3.5.3. BenefitCost Ratio -- 3.5.4. Payback Period -- 3.5.5. Cost of Energy -- 3.5.6. Summary of Economic Analysis Methods -- 3.6. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Method -- 3.7. General Procedure for an Economic Evaluation -- 3.8. Financing Options -- 3.8.1. Direct Purchasing -- 3.8.2. Leasing -- 3.8.3. Performance Contracting -- 3.9. Summary -- Chapter 4: Energy Analysis Tools -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Ratio-Based Methods -- 4.2.1. Introduction -- 4.2.2. Types of Ratios -- 4.2.3. Examples of Energy Ratios -- 4.3. Inverse Modeling Methods -- 4.3.1. Steady-State Inverse Models -- 4.3.1.1. ANAGRAM Method -- 4.3.1.2. PRISM Method -- 4.3.2. Dynamic Models -- 4.4. Forward Modeling Methods -- 4.4.1. Steady-State Methods -- 4.4.2. Degree-Day Methods -- 4.4.3. Bin Methods -- 4.4.4. Dynamic Methods -- 4.5. Summary -- Chapter 5: Electrical Systems -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Review Of Basics -- 5.2.1. Alternating Current Systems -- 5.2.2. Power Factor Improvement -- 5.3. Electrical Motors -- 5.3.1. Introduction.

5.3.2. Overview of Electrical Motors -- 5.3.3. Energy-Efficient Motors -- 5.3.3.1. General Description -- 5.3.3.2. Adjustable Speed Drives (ASDs) -- 5.3.3.3. Energy Savings Calculations -- 5.4. Lighting Systems -- 5.4.1. Introduction -- 5.4.2. Energy-Efficient Lighting Systems -- 5.4.2.1. High-Efficiency Fluorescent Lamps -- 5.4.2.2. Compact Fluorescent Lamps -- 5.4.2.3. Compact Halogen Lamps -- 5.4.2.4. Electronic Ballasts -- 5.4.3. Lighting Controls -- 5.4.3.1. Occupancy Sensors -- 5.4.3.2. Light Dimming Systems -- 5.4.3.3. Energy Savings from Daylighting Controls -- 5.5. Electrical Appliances -- 5.5.1. Office Equipment -- 5.5.2. Residential Appliances -- 5.6. Electrical Distribution Systems -- 5.6.1. Introduction -- 5.6.2. Transformers -- 5.6.3. Electrical Wires -- 5.7. Power Quality -- 5.7.1. Introduction -- 5.7.2. Total Harmonic Distortion -- 5.8. Summary -- Chapter 6: Building Envelope -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Basic Heat Transfer Concepts -- 6.2.1. Heat Transfer from Walls and Roofs -- 6.2.2. Infiltration Heat Loss/Gain -- 6.2.3. Variable-Base Degree-Days Method -- 6.3. Simplified Calculation Tools for Building Envelope Audit -- 6.3.1. Estimation of the Energy Use Savings -- 6.3.2. Estimation of the BLC for the Building -- 6.3.3. Estimation of the Degree-Days -- 6.3.4. Foundation Heat Transfer Calculations -- 6.3.5. Simplified Calculation Method for Building Foundation Heat Loss/Gain -- 6.3.5.1. Calculation Example No. 1: Basement for a Residential Building -- 6.3.5.2. Calculation Example No. 2: Freezer Slab -- 6.4. Selected Retrofits For Building Envelope -- 6.4.1. Insulation of Poorly Insulated Building Envelope Components -- 6.4.2. Window Improvements -- 6.4.3. Reduction of Air Infiltration -- 6.4.4. Implementation of Breathing Walls -- 6.5. Summary -- Chapter 7: Secondary HVAC Systems -- 7.1. Introduction.

7.2. Types of Secondary HVAC Systems -- 7.3. Ventilation Systems -- 7.3.1. Ventilation Air Intake -- 7.3.2. Air Filters -- 7.3.3. Air-Side Economizers -- 7.3.3.1. Temperature Economizer Cycle -- 7.3.3.2. Enthalpy Economizer Cycle -- 7.4. Ventilation of Parking Garages -- 7.4.1. Existing Codes and Standards -- 7.4.2. General Methodology for Estimating the Ventilation Requirements for Parking Garages -- 7.4.2.1. Step. Collect Data About Parking Garage -- 7.4.2.2. Step. Estimate CO Generation Rate -- 7.4.2.3. Step. Determine the Required Ventilation Rate -- 7.5. Indoor Temperature Controls -- 7.6. Upgrade of Fan Systems -- 7.6.1. Introduction -- 7.6.2. Basic Principles of Fan Operation -- 7.6.3. Duct Leakage -- 7.6.4. Damper Leakage -- 7.6.5. Size Adjustment -- 7.7. Heat Recovery Systems -- 7.7.1. Introduction -- 7.7.2. Types of Heat Recovery Systems -- 7.7.3. Performance of Heat Recovery Systems -- 7.7.4. Simplified Analysis Methods -- 7.8. Common HVAC Retrofit Measures -- 7.8.1. Reduction of Outdoor Air Volume -- 7.8.2. Reset Hot or Cold Deck Temperatures -- 7.8.3. CV to VAV System Retrofit -- 7.9. Summary -- Chapter 8: Primary Heating and Cooling Systems -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Heating Systems -- 8.2.1. Overview of Combustion Principles -- 8.2.2. Boiler Configurations and Components -- 8.2.2.1. Boiler Types -- 8.2.2.2. Boiler Firing Systems -- 8.2.3. Boiler Thermal Efficiency -- 8.2.4. Boiler Efficiency Improvements -- 8.2.4.1. Tune-Up of Boilers -- 8.2.4.2. High-Efficiency Boilers -- 8.2.4.3. Modular Boilers -- 8.3. Cooling Systems -- 8.3.1. Overview of Cooling Principles -- 8.3.2. Types of Cooling Systems -- 8.3.2.1. Unitary AC Systems -- 8.3.2.2. Packaged AC Systems -- 8.3.2.3. Heat Pumps -- 8.3.2.4. Central Chillers -- 8.3.3. Retrofit Measures for Cooling Systems -- 8.3.3.1. Chiller Replacement -- 8.3.3.2. Chiller Control Improvement.

8.3.3.3. Multiple Chillers -- 8.3.3.4. Alternate Cooling Systems -- 8.3.4. Impact of Oversizing Air-Conditioning Systems -- 8.3.4.1. HVAC Systems Design Approach -- 8.3.4.2. Impact of AC Sizing on Energy Use -- 8.4. Water Distribution Systems -- 8.4.1. Pumps -- 8.4.2. Pump and System Curves -- 8.4.3. Analysis of Water Distribution Systems -- 8.5. Summary -- Chapter 9: Distributed Energy Systems -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Combined Heat and Power Systems -- 9.2.1. Types of CHP Systems -- 9.2.1.1. Conventional CHP Systems -- 9.2.1.2. Packaged CHP Systems -- 9.2.1.3. Fuel Cells -- 9.2.2. Evaluation of CHP Systems -- 9.2.2.1. Efficiency of CHP Systems -- 9.2.2.2. Simplified Analysis of CHP Systems -- 9.2.3. Financial Options for CHP Systems -- 9.3. Renewable Energy Systems -- 9.3.1. Passive Solar Systems -- 9.3.2. Solar Thermal Collectors -- 9.3.2.1. Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems -- 9.3.2.2. Solar Combisystems -- 9.3.2.3. Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors -- 9.3.3. Photovoltaic Systems -- 9.3.3.1. PV System Configurations -- 9.3.3.2. Analysis of PV System Performance -- 9.3.3.3. PV System Components -- 9.4. Thermal Energy Storage Systems -- 9.4.1. Types of TES Systems -- 9.4.2. Operation of TES Systems -- 9.4.3. Control Strategies of TES Systems -- 9.4.3.1. Full Storage -- 9.4.3.2. Partial Storage -- 9.4.4. Options for TES Operating Cost Reduction -- 9.4.4.1. Feasibility Analysis of TES Systems -- 9.4.4.2. Operation Improvements of TES Systems -- 9.5. District Energy Systems -- 9.5.1. Overview of DES -- 9.5.2. Benefits of DES -- 9.5.3. Technologies for Heating -- 9.5.4. Technologies for Cooling -- 9.5.5. DES Distribution Systems -- 9.5.6. DES End-User Systems -- 9.5.7. Simplified Analysis of DES -- 9.6. Summary -- Chapter 10: Energy Management Control Systems -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Basic Control Principles -- 10.2.1. Control Modes.

10.2.2. Intelligent Control Systems.

Updated to include recent advances, the new edition presents strategies and analysis methods for conserving energy and reducing operating costs in residential and commercial buildings. Auditors, managers, and students will find this to be an invaluable resource for their work.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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