Genotoxicity : Evaluation, Testing and Prediction.

Intro -- GENOTOXICITY: EVALUATION,TESTING AND PREDICTION -- Contents -- Preface -- The Importance of the In VitroGenotoxicity Evaluation of FoodComponents: The Selenium -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Selenium -- 1.2. Genotoxicity Evaluation: in vitro vs. in vivo Tests -- 1.3. Genotoxicity Assessment of Food Components -- 2. Bacterial Cell Systems -- 3. Non-Mammalian Cell Systems -- 4. Mammalian Cell Systems -- 4.1. Chromosome Aberrations -- 4.2. Sister Chromatid Exchanges -- 4.3. Micronucleus Test -- 4.4. Comet Assay -- 4.5. DNA Damage and Repair, Unscheduled DNA Synthesis -- 4.6. Flow Cytometry -- 4.7. Other Methodologies -- 5. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- 6. References -- In Vitro High-Throughput Assays forAssessment of Genetic Toxicology -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Section I - DNA Damage and Cell StressResponses -- Section II-In Silico Models -- Section III - High Throughput Versions of ExistingRegulatory Assays -- Ames Fluctuation Assay -- MiniAmes -- Bioluminescent Ames Assay -- Yeast DEL Assay -- DNA Alkaline Unwinding Assay -- Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet Assay) -- Flow Cytometric Analysis of Micronuclei in Peripheral Blood Reticulocytes -- Section IV-Reporter Assays -- Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase -- β-Galactosidase -- Bacterial Luciferase -- Firefly Luciferase -- Renilla Luciferase -- Aequorin -- Green Fluorescent Protein -- Section V-Current High-throughput ReporterAssays -- SOS-Chromotest -- Mutatox Test -- UMU-Test -- Vitotox Test -- Combined SOS-lux and Lac-fluoro-Test -- GreenScreen® Assay -- Yeast Dual Luciferase Assay -- Mammalian Screens -- GreenScreen HC System -- CAT-Tox Assay -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Genotoxicity Evaluation ofExposure to Lead -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Lead Modes of Action -- Interaction with sulphydryl groups of proteins.

Supplanting of essential polyvalent cations -- Free radical production -- 1.2. Genotoxicity Tests -- 2. Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyl-Transferase Gene Mutation Assay -- 3. T Cell Receptor Mutation Assay -- 4. Chromosome Aberrations -- 4.1. In vitro Studies -- 4.2. In vivo Studies -- 4.3. Epidemiological Studies -- 5. Sister Chromatid Exchanges -- 5.1. In vitro Studies -- 5.2. In vivo studies -- 5.3. Epidemiological Studies -- 6. Micronucleus Test -- 6.1. In vitro Studies -- 6.2. In vivo Studies -- 6.3. Epidemiological Studies -- 7. Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) Assay -- 7.1. In vitro Studies -- 7.2. In vivo Studies -- 7.3. Epidemiological Studies -- 8. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- 9. References -- Genotoxicity by Micronucleus Assay forMedical Devices Development -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Cytotoxicity -- Genotoxicity -- Medical Devices Analyzed -- Bovine Pericardium -- Metal -- Nanoparticles -- Protocols -- Cell Culture -- Extracts Preparation -- Cytotoxicity Test -- Genotoxicity - In Vitro Micronucleus Test -- Assay without S9 Metabolic Activation -- Assay with S9 Metabolic Activation -- Slide Preparation and Analysis -- Discussion and Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Genotoxicity Produced byDisease and Drugs -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1. Micronucleus Assay for Genotoxicity Detection -- 2. Antineoplastic Drugs -- 3. Micronuclei in Erythrocytes -- 3.1. Adults -- 3.2. Children -- 3.2.1. Preterm Newborn -- 4. Micronuclei in Epithelial Cells -- 4.1. Micronuclei as Biomarkers of Cancer Risk -- 5. DNA Damage Protection -- 6. Diseases -- 6.1. Role of the Oxidative Stress -- 6.2. Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 6.3. Diabetes -- 6.3.1. Teratogenic Potential of Diabetes -- 6.4. Other Conditions that Cause Indirectly DNA Damage -- 7. Genetic Polymorphisms as a Silent Disease -- References.

Modification of Chemical Mutagenesis -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General Conceptions About Modification ofChemical Mutagenesis -- 2.1 Classification of Mutagenesis Modifiers -- 2.2 Methodological Aspects of Research in Mutagenesis Modification -- 2.2.1. Choice of Mutagenesis Inductors1 -- 2.2.2. Choice of Route and Regimens for the Substance Administration -- 2.2.3. Results Reliability -- 3. Main Results and Directions of the ResearchDevelopment -- 3.1 Co-Mutagenesis - A New Area in Genotoxicological Research -- 3.1.1. Drugs -- 3.1.2. Food Substances -- 3.2. Antimutagenesis -- 3.2.1. Drugs -- 3.2.2. Food and Food Substances -- Conclusion -- References -- Co-Mutagenic Effects of Nifedipine andDiltiazem in Vivo -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Animals -- 2.2 Chemicals -- 2.3 Treatment of Animals -- 2.4 Cytogenetic Preparation -- 2.5 Comet Assay -- 2.6 Statistical Analysis -- 3. Results -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- The Usefulness of Bulky DNA AdductFormation as a Biological Marker ofExposure to Airborne ParticulateMatter (PM2.5) in In Vitro Cell LungModels: A Comparative Study -- Abstract -- INTRODUCTION -- Materials and Methods -- Chemicals -- PM Sampling, Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Outgassing -- Cell Line and Culture Conditions -- Alveolar Macrophages Sampling and Culture Conditions -- Patient Recruitment -- Bronchoscopic Procedure -- Processing and Characteristics of BALF Cells from the Outpatients UnderStudy -- Cell Exposure and Sampling -- Study of Gene Expression and Catalytic Activity of CYP1A1 -- Study of DNA Adduct Pattern -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- PM Physical and Chemical Characteristics -- Cytotoxicity of PM -- Effects of PM on Gene Expression and Protein Activity of CYP1A1 -- Effects of PM on DNA Adduct Formation -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments.

References -- Impact Assessment and Evaluation ofCadmium-Induced Genotoxicity andClastogenicity in Mice -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Animals -- Materials -- Experimental Regimen for Determination of Dose and Time DependentEffects of CdCl2 in Mice -- Immunostaining of MT -- Analysis of Tissue-Specific DNA Adducts -- Measurement of 8-OHdGs -- Isolation and Assay of DNA Unwinding -- Estimation of Single Strand Breaks (SSBs) -- Isolation and Quantitation of DNA Protein Crosslinks (DPC) -- Sister-Chromatid Exchange (SCE) Analysis -- Scoring Sister-Chromatid Exchange -- Rat Liver Chromosome Preparation from Regenerating Hepatocytes byPartial Hepatectomy -- Scoring of CAs -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- General Observation -- Effect of Cadmium on MT Expression -- Formation of Methylated DNA Adducts in Mouse Liver Induced byCadmium Exposure for Different Time Periods -- Formation of 8-OHdGs in Mouse Liver Induced by Cadmium Exposure forDifferent Time Periods -- Generation of Single-Stranded Breaks in Mouse Liver Induced byCadmium Exposure -- Formation of DNA-Protein Crosslinks (DPC Coefficient) in Mouse Liver atSequential Time Points -- Induction of SCE in Mouse Liver Following Cadmium Exposure -- Chromosomal Aberration -- Discussion -- References -- Loss of Heterozygosity and/orMicrosatellite Instability in MultipleCritical Regions of 3p and 9pChromosomes in Human EpithelialLung Cells (L132) Exposed to AirPollution Particulate Matter (PM2.5) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Chemicals -- Methods -- PM sampling, physical and chemical characteristics, and outgassing -- Cell Line, culture conditions, and cell exposure -- L132 cloning by limit-detection method -- Microsatellite markers and loss of heterozygosity analysis -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Microsatellite Status in Non-Exposed L132 cells.

LOH Analysis at 3p Chromosome Multiple Critical Regions in PM-ExposedL132 Cells -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Prediction of the HumanRadiosensitivity: What is the MostRelevant Endpoint? Gene Expressions,Mutations or Functions? -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. No Consensus for Classifications -- 1.2. Dosimetry Errors or Individual Radiosensitivity? -- 1.3. The Obvious Impact of Individual Susceptibility to Radiation -- 2. First Attempts and First Concepts forPredictive Assays -- 2.1. How to Succeed in Predicting the Radiation Response? -- 2.2 To Predict the Radiosensitivity of Tumours or Normal Tissues? -- 2.3. Tpot and pO2 :The First Attempts -- 3. Gene Expressions, Mutations or Fonctions? -- 3.1. Gene Expression and Radiosensitivity -- 3.2. Gene Mutation and Radiosensitivity -- 3.3. Blood Cells in Question -- 4. The DNA Damage Repair Function: Back to theOrigins? -- 4.1. What Death(s) in the Clonogenic Death? -- 4.2. At the Beginning were DNA Damage? -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Application of Genotoxicity to DentalMaterials Research -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Genotoxicity Data of Some Dental Materials -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Use of the Comet Assay toEvaluate Pesticide Toxicity onNon-Target Microalgae -- Abstract -- References -- Numberless Drugs are Not AdequatelyTested for the Potential Genotoxic-Carcinogenic Risk to Humans -- Abstract -- Introduction -- References -- Index.

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