Undecided Nation : Political Gridlock and the Immigration Crisis.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Introduction -- Changes in the National Political Landscape: Down and Up…and Down Again -- Congressional Dynamics: Between the Senate and the House or a Rock and a Hard Place -- The Four Corners of Immigration Reform -- The Undocumented Resident Population: The 11 Million Ghosts Living in the Shadows -- New Visa System -- Domestic Enforcement -- Border Security -- Military-Industrial Complex -- Bureaucracy and Human Rights -- The Future of the Labor Market in North America -- Outline of the Book -- References -- Part I -- The Politics Behind the Gridlock -- The Congressional Dynamics of Immigration Reform -- Introduction -- Congressional Power and Disorienting Conflict: The Challenges of Immigration Reform -- Uneasy Coalitions and Faustian Bargains -- Mexican Labor and the First World War -- "Restrictions…with a bribe": Closing the Ports and Opening the Borders -- Mexican Braceros and Undocumented Aliens -- From Prolonged Gridlock to the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 -- Expanding the Scope of Conflict: Huddled Elites and Popular Mobilization -- References -- Latino Issue Priorities and Political Behavior Across US Contexts -- Introduction -- Previous Research on Immigration, Latino Attitudes, and Local Context -- Theory and Expectations -- Data and Methods -- Results -- Robustness Checks -- Discussion of Results -- Policy Implications -- Appendix -- References -- Immigration Policy Versus Immigration Politics: Latinos and the Reform Debate -- Introduction -- The Larger Context: Other Policy Changes -- The Larger Context: The Evangelical Dimension -- Latino Population Growth: Past the Electoral Threshold? -- The New Immigration Debate: Politics Versus Policies -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II.

Local Responses to Federal Paralysis -- Immigration Policy and Partisan Politics in the State Legislatures: 2010-2012 -- Immigration Policy and Partisan Politics in the State Legislatures: 2010-2012 -- The Omnibus Immigration Legislation -- Statistical Analysis -- A. Analysis Population -- B. Partisanship and Support for/Opposition to the Omnibus Legislation -- C. Intraparty Dynamics and Support for/Opposition to the Omnibus Legislation -- Public Policy Implications -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1: Synopses of the Omnibus Legislation by State -- 1. Alabama HB56 -- 2. Arizona SB1070 and HB2162 -- 3. Florida HB7089 -- 4. Georgia HB87 -- 5. Indiana SB590 -- 6. Kentucky SB6 -- 7. Maryland HB744 -- 8. Mississippi HB488 -- 9. Oklahoma SB908 and HB1446 -- 10. South Carolina SB20 -- 11. Utah H116, HB466, HB469, HB497 -- H116 -- H466 -- H469 -- H497 (The Bill Examined in the Roll Call Vote Analysis) -- References -- The Immigration Debate in Texas -- Introduction -- Major Initiatives on Immigrants and Immigration in Texas -- The 287(g) Program and Sanctuary City Resolutions -- The 2013 Legislative Session and the Post-electoral Scenario in Texas -- Changing Demographics and the Latino Vote -- The National Context and Texas' Stands on Immigration -- Public Policy Implications -- Conclusion -- References -- US Immigration Policy in the Twenty-First Century, with Special Reference to Education: Examining Crosscurrents of Nativist and Accommodationist Policymaking -- Introduction -- A Thumbnail Sketch of State Laws Concerning Undocumented College Students -- Spring 2012 Developments -- Conclusion: The Crosscurrents -- References -- Part III -- The Fallout and Costs of Political Gridlock -- The Costs and Benefits of Immigration Enforcement -- Introduction -- "Enforcement Only" Is Costly, Ineffective, and Counterproductive -- High Costs and No Benefits.

The Unintended Consequences of Border Enforcement -- Demographic Trends in Mexico -- Lessons from the IRCA of 1986 -- Legalized Workers Earn More and Move on to Better Jobs -- Legal Status Yields Increasing Returns Over Time -- Effective Immigration Reform Must Address Future Flows -- Three Immigration Policy Scenarios -- Scenario 1: Comprehensive Immigration Reform -- Scenario 2: Temporary Workers Only -- Scenario 3: Mass Deportation -- The Economic Benefits of Comprehensive Immigration Reform -- Conclusion: From a Vicious Cycle to a Virtuous Cycle -- Appendix 1: Methodology -- CGE Modeling -- The GMig2 Database -- The GMig2 Model -- Appendix 2: Macroeconomic Results of Different Scenarios -- Appendix 3: Annual Impact on GDP of Different Scenarios, 2009-2019 -- Appendix 4: Impact of Different Scenarios on Various Sectors -- References -- Immigrants in the US Labor Market -- Introduction -- Trends in Immigration -- A. Countries of Origin -- B. Education and Occupation Distribution -- C. Geographic Distribution -- Effect on Economic Activity -- A. Immigration and GDP -- B. Immigration Surplus: Education and Spillovers -- C. Migrant Mobility -- D. Immigration and Economic Growth -- Labor Market Effects -- Fiscal Effects -- Policy Implications -- A. Family Reunification Policy -- B. Immigration Reform -- Conclusion -- References -- Workers, Families, and Immigration Policies -- Introduction -- Unauthorized Immigration in the USA -- Immigration Enforcement and the Labor Market -- The Economic Precarity of Undocumented Workers and Their Families -- The Effect of Unauthorized Status on Family Relationships -- Debilitating Fear -- How US Citizens Also Suffer -- Undocumented Status and Family Separation -- Conclusion -- Policy Recommendations -- References -- US Children with Parents in Deportation Proceedings -- Introduction -- Method.

Findings: Family Economic Hardship -- Loss of Parental Employment -- Lower Household Incomes -- Dependence on Private Charity and Public Assistance -- Food Insufficiency -- Crowded and Unstable Housing -- Parental Mental Health -- Stressors Affecting Parental Mental Health -- Impacts on Parental Physical Health -- Thoughts of Suicide -- Support from Family, Friends, Churches, and Mental Health Professionals -- Impacts on Child Behavior -- Impact of Family Economic Security -- Fears of Arrest by Immigration Agents or the Police -- Separation due to Parental Detention or Deportation -- Reaction to Ankle Bracelets -- Conclusion -- References -- Part IV -- Resolving the Immigration Crisis -- Security and Immigration Policy: An Analytical Framework for Reform -- Introduction -- Two American Immigration Security Traditions -- Human Security, National Security, and American Immigration -- National Security and US Immigration Policy -- Material and Military Objectives and US Immigration -- Foreign Policy Objectives and US Immigration Policy -- Domestic Security Objectives and US Immigration Policy -- Meta-Security Themes and American Immigration Policy History -- Aggressively Open Period: The "Open-Door" Federal Immigration Policy, 1776-1921 -- The Selectively Closed Era, 1921-1965: The Restrictive and Discriminatory Quota Laws -- The Cautiously Open Era, 1965-2001 -- Conclusion and Policy Recommendations -- Post-2001 US Immigration Policy -- Policy Implications -- Implications for 2013 Proposed Immigration Reform -- References -- Bibliography -- Ctrl + Alt + Del: Rebooting Immigration Policies Through Socio-technical Change -- Introduction -- Socio-technical Systems and Regimes: A Public Policy Issue -- The Socio-Technical Regime and the Immigration System -- Legacy Technology: The Immigration Socio-technical Regime of the US.

A. Subsystem 1: Government Technologies -- B. Subsystem 2: Clandestine Technologies -- C. Subsystem 3: Business Technologies -- Nation of Immigrants 2.0? Some Policy Recommendations -- Leadership for Sense-making -- Adaptive Designs -- Technological Transition is Negotiation -- Data, Not Aspirations -- A Chief Information Officer to Adapt Immigration Flows -- Risk Management Approaches -- Future Thinking Capacities for the Age of the Unthinkable -- Zero-Day Vulnerabilities and the Obsolescence Path -- References -- US Immigration, Demography, and Citizenship in a Digital Age -- Introduction -- Research Highlights on Demography, Immigration, and Citizenship -- A. The Foreign Born in the USA: Overall Numbers and Share of Population -- B. The Foreign Born in the USA: Demographic Snapshots -- C. More Recent Trends: 2000-2010 -- Age -- D. The New Geography of Immigration -- E. Other Socioeconomic Issues: High-Speed Internet Access and Language Proficiency -- 1. Internet Access -- 2. Language Proficiency -- F. Implications -- The Integration of the Foreign Born: Toward Citizenship -- Discussion: Alternative Policy Paths in a World of "Digital" Citizenship -- Toward the Future: Two Divergent Policy Paths -- A. Policy Pathway #1: Immigration and Citizenship Status Quo -- B. Policy Pathway #2: Alternative Futures for Immigration and Citizenship -- References -- The Path to US Immigration Reform -- Historical Patterns of Immigration Reform -- Recent Efforts at Immigration Reform -- Current Immigration Policies -- Legal Permanent Residents -- Temporary Workers -- Unauthorized Migration -- Problems in the Immigration System -- Unauthorized Migration -- Inflexible Ceilings -- Inadequate Mechanisms to Protect the Rights of Workers -- Is Temporary Ever Temporary? -- Complexity in the Immigration System -- Elusive Reform Prospects -- Conclusion -- References.

Conclusion.

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