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Graphene-Based Energy Devices.

By: Material type: TextTextPublisher: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2015Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (465 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9783527690305
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Graphene-Based Energy DevicesDDC classification:
  • 621.312
LOC classification:
  • TA455.G65 -- .G737 2015eb
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Graphene-based Energy Devices -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Fundamental of Graphene -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Synthesis of Graphene -- 1.2.1 Mechanical Cleavage -- 1.2.2 Epitaxial Growth -- 1.2.3 CVD Growth of Graphene -- 1.2.4 Solution-Based Graphene -- 1.2.4.1 Ultrasonication -- 1.2.4.2 Intercalation -- 1.2.4.3 Chemical Exfoliation -- 1.2.5 Synthesis of Composite Material Based on Graphene Oxide -- 1.3 Characterization of Graphene -- 1.3.1 AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) -- 1.3.2 SEM -- 1.3.3 TEM/SEAD/EELS -- 1.3.4 XPS -- 1.3.5 XRD -- 1.3.6 Raman -- 1.3.7 Photoluminesces (PL) Measurement -- 1.4 Optical Property Modification of Graphene -- 1.4.1 Absorption Property Modification of Graphene (Terahertz, UV-Visible-NIR) -- 1.4.1.1 Absorption Property of Thermally Annealed Graphene Oxide -- 1.4.1.2 Absorption Property Plasma Defected Graphene -- 1.4.2 PL Property Modification of Graphene -- 1.4.2.1 PL Properties of Oxygen Plasma Treated Graphene -- 1.4.2.2 Substrate Effect -- 1.4.2.3 Pd Grafted Graphene Oxide -- 1.5 Optoelectric Application of Graphene -- References -- Chapter 2 Graphene-Based Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Working Principle of LIBs -- 2.3 Graphene-Based Cathode Materials for LIBs -- 2.4 Graphene-Based Anode Materials for LIBs -- 2.4.1 Graphene as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.4.2 Graphene-Based Composites as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.4.2.1 The Lithium Storage Mechanisms of Anode Materials -- 2.4.2.2 Graphene-Si/Sn Composites as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.4.2.3 Graphene-Metal Oxide Composites as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.4.2.4 Graphene-TiO2/MoS2 Composites as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.5 Two-Dimensional (2D) Flexible and Binder-Free Graphene-Based Electrodes -- 2.5.1 Graphene-Based Flexible Anode Materials for LIBs -- 2.5.1.1 2D Flexible and Binder-Free Graphene Electrodes.
2.5.1.2 2D Flexible and Binder-Free Graphene-Based Hybrid Anode Electrodes -- 2.5.2 Graphene-Based Flexible Cathode Materials for LIBs -- 2.6 Three-Dimensional Macroscopic Graphene-Based Electrodes -- 2.7 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3 Graphene-Based Energy Devices -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Graphene for Li-Ion Batteries -- 3.2.1 Anode Materials -- 3.2.2 Cathode Materials -- 3.3 Graphene for Supercapacitors -- 3.4 Graphene for Li-Sulfur Batteries -- 3.5 Graphene for Fuel Cells -- 3.6 Graphene for Solar Cells -- 3.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Graphene-Based Supercapacitors -- 4.2.1 EDLCs -- 4.2.2 Graphene/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites -- 4.2.3 Graphene/Conducting Polymer Composites -- 4.2.3.1 PANI-Graphene Nanocomposites -- 4.2.3.2 PPy-Graphene Nanocomposite -- 4.2.3.3 PEDOT-Graphene Nanocomposite -- 4.2.4 Atomic Layer Deposition for Graphene/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites -- 4.3 Issues and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5 High-Performance Supercapacitors Based on Novel Graphene Composites -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Graphene Synthesis Methods -- 5.2.1 The "Top-Down" Approach -- 5.2.2 The "Bottom-Up" Approach -- 5.3 Graphene-Based Electrodes for Supercapacitors -- 5.3.1 Graphene -- 5.3.2 Graphene-Based Composites -- 5.3.2.1 Graphene-Carbon Material Composites -- 5.3.2.2 Graphene/Metal Oxide Composites -- 5.3.2.3 Graphene-Conducting Polymer Composites -- 5.3.2.4 Graphene/Metal Oxide-Conducting Polymer Composites -- 5.4 Conclusions and Prospects -- References -- Chapter 6 Graphene for Supercapacitors -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Electrochemical Capacitors -- 6.1.1.1 Fundamentals of a Capacitor -- 6.1.1.2 Classification of Electrochemical Capacitors -- 6.1.2 Graphene as a Supercapacitor Material -- 6.2 Electrode Materials for Graphene-Based Capacitors.
6.2.1 Double-Layer Capacitance-Based Graphene Electrode Materials -- 6.2.1.1 Electrodes Based on Graphene Synthesized by Reduction of Graphene Oxide -- 6.2.1.2 Activated-Graphene-Based Electrodes -- 6.2.1.3 Graphene and Other Carbon Nanostructure Composite Electrodes -- 6.2.1.4 Nitrogen-Doped-Graphene-Based Electrodes -- 6.2.2 Graphene/Pseudocapacitive Material Composite Based Electrode Materials -- 6.2.2.1 Graphene/Conducting Polymer Composite Electrodes -- 6.2.2.2 Graphene/Transition-Metal Oxide Composite Electrodes -- 6.3 Graphene-Based Asymmetric Supercapacitors -- 6.3.1 Asymmetric Capacitors Based on Graphene and Pseudocapacitive Materials -- 6.3.2 Graphene-Based Lithium-Ion Capacitors -- 6.4 Graphene-Based Microsupercapacitors -- 6.5 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Graphene-Based Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Basic Architectures of Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices -- 7.3 Promising Prospects of Graphene in Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices -- 7.4 Graphene-Based Integrated Photoelectrochemical Cells -- 7.5 Graphene-Based Mixed-Colloid Photocatalytic Systems -- 7.6 Graphene-Based Photovoltaic/Electrolyzer Devices -- 7.7 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 8 Graphene Derivatives in Photocatalysis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide -- 8.2.1 Synthesis -- 8.2.2 Properties -- 8.3 Synthesis of Graphene-Based Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 8.3.1 Mixing Method -- 8.3.2 Sol-Gel Process -- 8.3.3 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods -- 8.4 Photocatalytic Applications -- 8.4.1 Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants -- 8.4.2 Photocatalytic Splitting of H2O -- 8.4.3 Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 -- 8.4.4 Other Applications: Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells -- 8.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References.
Chapter 9 Graphene-Based Photocatalysts for Energy Applications: Progress and Future Prospects -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Synthesis of Graphene-Based Photocatalysts -- 9.1.2 Ex Situ Hybridization Strategy -- 9.1.3 In Situ Growth Strategy -- 9.1.3.1 Hydrothermal Method -- 9.1.3.2 Electrochemical and Electrophoretic Deposition -- 9.1.3.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 9.1.3.4 Photochemical Reaction -- 9.2 Energy Applications -- 9.2.1 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution -- 9.2.2 Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon dioxide -- 9.2.3 Environmental Remediation -- 9.2.3.1 Photodegradation of Organic Dyes -- 9.2.3.2 Water Disinfection -- 9.3 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 10 Graphene-Based Devices for Hydrogen Storage -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Storage of Molecular Hydrogen -- 10.2.1 Graphene-Based Metal/Metal Oxide -- 10.2.2 Doped Graphene -- 10.3 Storage of Atomic Hydrogen Based on Hydrogen Spillover -- References -- Chapter 11 Graphene-Supported Metal Nanostructures with Controllable Size and Shape as Advanced Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Fuel Cells -- 11.2.1 Configuration and Design of PEMFCs -- 11.2.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) -- 11.2.3 Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells (DFAFCs) -- 11.2.4 Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFCs) and Biofuel Cells -- 11.3 Graphene-Based Metal Nanostructures as Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells -- 11.3.1 Graphene-Supported Metal Nanoclusters -- 11.3.2 Graphene-Supported Monometallic and Alloy Metal Nanoparticles (NPs) -- 11.3.3 Graphene-Supported Core-shell Nanostructures -- 11.3.4 Graphene-Supported Hollow Nanostructures -- 11.3.5 Graphene-Supported Cubic Nanostructures -- 11.3.6 Graphene-Supported Nanowires and Nanorods -- 11.3.7 Graphene-Supported Flower-Like Nanostructures -- 11.3.8 Graphene-Supported Nanodendrites -- 11.3.9 Other Graphene-Supported 2D or 3D Nanostructures.
11.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Graphene-Based Microbial Fuel Cells -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 MFC -- 12.2.1 The Working Principle of MFC -- 12.2.2 The Advantages of MFCs -- 12.2.3 The Classification of MFCs -- 12.2.3.1 Dual-Chamber and Single-Chamber MFCs -- 12.2.3.2 Direct and Indirect MFCs -- 12.2.3.3 Heterotrophic, Photosynthetic Autotroph, and Sediment MFCs -- 12.2.3.4 Intermittent and Continuous MFCs -- 12.2.3.5 Pure Bacteria and Mixed Bacteria MFCs -- 12.3 The Development History of MFCs -- 12.4 The Application Prospect of MFC -- 12.4.1 Micro Batteries Embedded in the Body -- 12.4.2 Mobile Power Supply -- 12.4.3 Photosynthesis to Produce Electricity -- 12.4.4 Biosensor -- 12.4.5 Power Supply in Remote Areas or Open Sea -- 12.4.6 Treatment of Organic Wastewater -- 12.5 Problems Existing in the MFCs -- 12.6 Graphene-Based MFC -- 12.6.1 Anode -- 12.6.2 Membrane -- 12.6.3 Cathode -- References -- Chapter 13 Application of Graphene-Based Materials to Improve Electrode Performance in Microbial Fuel Cells -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Graphene Materials for Anode Electrodes in MFCs -- 13.2.1 Graphene Nanosheets -- 13.2.2 Three-Dimensional Graphene -- 13.2.3 Graphene Oxide -- 13.3 Graphene Materials for Cathode Electrodes in MFCs -- 13.3.1 Bare Graphene -- 13.3.2 Polymer Coating with Graphene as a Dopant -- 13.3.3 Metal Coating with Graphene as a Supporter -- 13.3.4 Nitrogen-Doped Graphene -- 13.4 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 14 Applications of Graphene and Its Derivative in Enzymatic Biofuel Cells -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Membraneless Enzymatic Biofuel Cells -- 14.3 Modified Bioanode and Biocathode -- 14.3.1 Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Zinc Oxide -- 14.3.2 Graphene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes -- 14.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References.
Chapter 15 Graphene and Its Derivatives for Highly Efficient Organic Photovoltaics.
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Intro -- Graphene-based Energy Devices -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Fundamental of Graphene -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Synthesis of Graphene -- 1.2.1 Mechanical Cleavage -- 1.2.2 Epitaxial Growth -- 1.2.3 CVD Growth of Graphene -- 1.2.4 Solution-Based Graphene -- 1.2.4.1 Ultrasonication -- 1.2.4.2 Intercalation -- 1.2.4.3 Chemical Exfoliation -- 1.2.5 Synthesis of Composite Material Based on Graphene Oxide -- 1.3 Characterization of Graphene -- 1.3.1 AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) -- 1.3.2 SEM -- 1.3.3 TEM/SEAD/EELS -- 1.3.4 XPS -- 1.3.5 XRD -- 1.3.6 Raman -- 1.3.7 Photoluminesces (PL) Measurement -- 1.4 Optical Property Modification of Graphene -- 1.4.1 Absorption Property Modification of Graphene (Terahertz, UV-Visible-NIR) -- 1.4.1.1 Absorption Property of Thermally Annealed Graphene Oxide -- 1.4.1.2 Absorption Property Plasma Defected Graphene -- 1.4.2 PL Property Modification of Graphene -- 1.4.2.1 PL Properties of Oxygen Plasma Treated Graphene -- 1.4.2.2 Substrate Effect -- 1.4.2.3 Pd Grafted Graphene Oxide -- 1.5 Optoelectric Application of Graphene -- References -- Chapter 2 Graphene-Based Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Working Principle of LIBs -- 2.3 Graphene-Based Cathode Materials for LIBs -- 2.4 Graphene-Based Anode Materials for LIBs -- 2.4.1 Graphene as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.4.2 Graphene-Based Composites as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.4.2.1 The Lithium Storage Mechanisms of Anode Materials -- 2.4.2.2 Graphene-Si/Sn Composites as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.4.2.3 Graphene-Metal Oxide Composites as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.4.2.4 Graphene-TiO2/MoS2 Composites as Anodes for LIBs -- 2.5 Two-Dimensional (2D) Flexible and Binder-Free Graphene-Based Electrodes -- 2.5.1 Graphene-Based Flexible Anode Materials for LIBs -- 2.5.1.1 2D Flexible and Binder-Free Graphene Electrodes.

2.5.1.2 2D Flexible and Binder-Free Graphene-Based Hybrid Anode Electrodes -- 2.5.2 Graphene-Based Flexible Cathode Materials for LIBs -- 2.6 Three-Dimensional Macroscopic Graphene-Based Electrodes -- 2.7 Summary and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 3 Graphene-Based Energy Devices -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Graphene for Li-Ion Batteries -- 3.2.1 Anode Materials -- 3.2.2 Cathode Materials -- 3.3 Graphene for Supercapacitors -- 3.4 Graphene for Li-Sulfur Batteries -- 3.5 Graphene for Fuel Cells -- 3.6 Graphene for Solar Cells -- 3.7 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Graphene-Based Supercapacitors -- 4.2.1 EDLCs -- 4.2.2 Graphene/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites -- 4.2.3 Graphene/Conducting Polymer Composites -- 4.2.3.1 PANI-Graphene Nanocomposites -- 4.2.3.2 PPy-Graphene Nanocomposite -- 4.2.3.3 PEDOT-Graphene Nanocomposite -- 4.2.4 Atomic Layer Deposition for Graphene/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites -- 4.3 Issues and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5 High-Performance Supercapacitors Based on Novel Graphene Composites -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Graphene Synthesis Methods -- 5.2.1 The "Top-Down" Approach -- 5.2.2 The "Bottom-Up" Approach -- 5.3 Graphene-Based Electrodes for Supercapacitors -- 5.3.1 Graphene -- 5.3.2 Graphene-Based Composites -- 5.3.2.1 Graphene-Carbon Material Composites -- 5.3.2.2 Graphene/Metal Oxide Composites -- 5.3.2.3 Graphene-Conducting Polymer Composites -- 5.3.2.4 Graphene/Metal Oxide-Conducting Polymer Composites -- 5.4 Conclusions and Prospects -- References -- Chapter 6 Graphene for Supercapacitors -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Electrochemical Capacitors -- 6.1.1.1 Fundamentals of a Capacitor -- 6.1.1.2 Classification of Electrochemical Capacitors -- 6.1.2 Graphene as a Supercapacitor Material -- 6.2 Electrode Materials for Graphene-Based Capacitors.

6.2.1 Double-Layer Capacitance-Based Graphene Electrode Materials -- 6.2.1.1 Electrodes Based on Graphene Synthesized by Reduction of Graphene Oxide -- 6.2.1.2 Activated-Graphene-Based Electrodes -- 6.2.1.3 Graphene and Other Carbon Nanostructure Composite Electrodes -- 6.2.1.4 Nitrogen-Doped-Graphene-Based Electrodes -- 6.2.2 Graphene/Pseudocapacitive Material Composite Based Electrode Materials -- 6.2.2.1 Graphene/Conducting Polymer Composite Electrodes -- 6.2.2.2 Graphene/Transition-Metal Oxide Composite Electrodes -- 6.3 Graphene-Based Asymmetric Supercapacitors -- 6.3.1 Asymmetric Capacitors Based on Graphene and Pseudocapacitive Materials -- 6.3.2 Graphene-Based Lithium-Ion Capacitors -- 6.4 Graphene-Based Microsupercapacitors -- 6.5 Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7 Graphene-Based Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Basic Architectures of Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices -- 7.3 Promising Prospects of Graphene in Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices -- 7.4 Graphene-Based Integrated Photoelectrochemical Cells -- 7.5 Graphene-Based Mixed-Colloid Photocatalytic Systems -- 7.6 Graphene-Based Photovoltaic/Electrolyzer Devices -- 7.7 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 8 Graphene Derivatives in Photocatalysis -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide -- 8.2.1 Synthesis -- 8.2.2 Properties -- 8.3 Synthesis of Graphene-Based Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 8.3.1 Mixing Method -- 8.3.2 Sol-Gel Process -- 8.3.3 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods -- 8.4 Photocatalytic Applications -- 8.4.1 Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants -- 8.4.2 Photocatalytic Splitting of H2O -- 8.4.3 Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 -- 8.4.4 Other Applications: Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells -- 8.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Chapter 9 Graphene-Based Photocatalysts for Energy Applications: Progress and Future Prospects -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Synthesis of Graphene-Based Photocatalysts -- 9.1.2 Ex Situ Hybridization Strategy -- 9.1.3 In Situ Growth Strategy -- 9.1.3.1 Hydrothermal Method -- 9.1.3.2 Electrochemical and Electrophoretic Deposition -- 9.1.3.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 9.1.3.4 Photochemical Reaction -- 9.2 Energy Applications -- 9.2.1 Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution -- 9.2.2 Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon dioxide -- 9.2.3 Environmental Remediation -- 9.2.3.1 Photodegradation of Organic Dyes -- 9.2.3.2 Water Disinfection -- 9.3 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 10 Graphene-Based Devices for Hydrogen Storage -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Storage of Molecular Hydrogen -- 10.2.1 Graphene-Based Metal/Metal Oxide -- 10.2.2 Doped Graphene -- 10.3 Storage of Atomic Hydrogen Based on Hydrogen Spillover -- References -- Chapter 11 Graphene-Supported Metal Nanostructures with Controllable Size and Shape as Advanced Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Fuel Cells -- 11.2.1 Configuration and Design of PEMFCs -- 11.2.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) -- 11.2.3 Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells (DFAFCs) -- 11.2.4 Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFCs) and Biofuel Cells -- 11.3 Graphene-Based Metal Nanostructures as Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells -- 11.3.1 Graphene-Supported Metal Nanoclusters -- 11.3.2 Graphene-Supported Monometallic and Alloy Metal Nanoparticles (NPs) -- 11.3.3 Graphene-Supported Core-shell Nanostructures -- 11.3.4 Graphene-Supported Hollow Nanostructures -- 11.3.5 Graphene-Supported Cubic Nanostructures -- 11.3.6 Graphene-Supported Nanowires and Nanorods -- 11.3.7 Graphene-Supported Flower-Like Nanostructures -- 11.3.8 Graphene-Supported Nanodendrites -- 11.3.9 Other Graphene-Supported 2D or 3D Nanostructures.

11.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12 Graphene-Based Microbial Fuel Cells -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 MFC -- 12.2.1 The Working Principle of MFC -- 12.2.2 The Advantages of MFCs -- 12.2.3 The Classification of MFCs -- 12.2.3.1 Dual-Chamber and Single-Chamber MFCs -- 12.2.3.2 Direct and Indirect MFCs -- 12.2.3.3 Heterotrophic, Photosynthetic Autotroph, and Sediment MFCs -- 12.2.3.4 Intermittent and Continuous MFCs -- 12.2.3.5 Pure Bacteria and Mixed Bacteria MFCs -- 12.3 The Development History of MFCs -- 12.4 The Application Prospect of MFC -- 12.4.1 Micro Batteries Embedded in the Body -- 12.4.2 Mobile Power Supply -- 12.4.3 Photosynthesis to Produce Electricity -- 12.4.4 Biosensor -- 12.4.5 Power Supply in Remote Areas or Open Sea -- 12.4.6 Treatment of Organic Wastewater -- 12.5 Problems Existing in the MFCs -- 12.6 Graphene-Based MFC -- 12.6.1 Anode -- 12.6.2 Membrane -- 12.6.3 Cathode -- References -- Chapter 13 Application of Graphene-Based Materials to Improve Electrode Performance in Microbial Fuel Cells -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Graphene Materials for Anode Electrodes in MFCs -- 13.2.1 Graphene Nanosheets -- 13.2.2 Three-Dimensional Graphene -- 13.2.3 Graphene Oxide -- 13.3 Graphene Materials for Cathode Electrodes in MFCs -- 13.3.1 Bare Graphene -- 13.3.2 Polymer Coating with Graphene as a Dopant -- 13.3.3 Metal Coating with Graphene as a Supporter -- 13.3.4 Nitrogen-Doped Graphene -- 13.4 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 14 Applications of Graphene and Its Derivative in Enzymatic Biofuel Cells -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Membraneless Enzymatic Biofuel Cells -- 14.3 Modified Bioanode and Biocathode -- 14.3.1 Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Zinc Oxide -- 14.3.2 Graphene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes -- 14.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References.

Chapter 15 Graphene and Its Derivatives for Highly Efficient Organic Photovoltaics.

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