Fuels, Chemicals and Materials from the Oceans and Aquatic Sources.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Overview of Ocean and Aquatic Sources for the Production of Chemicals and Materials -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Shellfish-Based Biomass -- 1.2.1 Crustacean Shells -- 1.2.2 Mollusc Shells -- 1.3 Finfish-Based Biomass -- 1.4 Plant-Based Biomass -- 1.5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 2 Production and Conversion of Green Macroalgae (Ulva spp.) -- 2.1 Production of Ulva Biomass -- 2.1.1 Land-Based Tank Culture in Kochi -- 2.1.2 Improvement for More Intensive Culture -- 2.2 Conversion of Ulva Biomass -- 2.2.1 Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Reaction of Biomass -- 2.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Conversion of Ulva Biomass -- 2.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 A New Wave of Research Interest in Marine Macroalgae for Chemicals and Fuels: Challenges and Potentials -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Macroalgal Feedstock for Chemicals -- 3.3 Marine Macroalgae as a Biorefinery Feedstock -- 3.4 Marine Macroalgal Biomass as an Energy Feedstock -- 3.4.1 Bioethanol -- 3.4.2 Biodiesel -- 3.4.3 Biobutanol -- 3.4.4 Bio-oil -- 3.5 Advances in Cultivation Technology -- 3.6 Marine Algal Cultivation for CO2 Sequestration -- 3.7 Opportunities, Challenges and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Kappaphycus alvarezii: A Potential Sustainable Resource for Fertilizers and Fuels -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Composition and Processing of Kappaphycus alvarezii -- 4.3 Simultaneous Production of Liquid Fertilizer ( -Sap) and -Carrageenan from Fresh Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed -- 4.4 -Sap as Potential Plant Stimulant -- 4.5 Manipulation of -Sap for Sustainable Biomass Intensification of Maize -- 4.6 Bioethanol Production from Kappaphycus alvarezii -- 4.6.1 Pretreatment of Freshly Harvested Biomass.

4.6.2 Hydrolysis of the Dry Biomass to Obtain Fermentable Sugars -- 4.6.3 Pretreatment of Hydrolysate to Reduce the Concentration of Fermentation Inhibitory Components -- 4.6.4 Enzymatic Fermentation of the Hydrolysate to Yield Ethanol -- 4.6.5 Purification of Ethanol from Fermentation Broth -- 4.7 Fuel Intermediates and Useful Chemical from Kappaphycus alvarezii -- 4.8 Environmental Impact of Fuel and Fertilizers Production from Kappaphycus alvarezii -- 4.9 Conclusion and Future Prospect -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 5 Microalgae Bioproduction - Feeds, Foods, Nutraceuticals, and Polymers -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Microalgae and Bioproduction Methods -- 5.2.1 Microalgae Groups Considered -- 5.2.2 Bioproduction of Microalgae - Methods -- 5.3 Microalgae Feedstock Products and Coproducts -- 5.3.1 Microalgae as Animal Feed -- 5.3.2 Microalgae as a Human Food Source -- 5.3.3 Microalgae in Nutraceuticals -- 5.3.4 Biopolymers from Microalgae -- 5.4 Conclusion - The Path Forward -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Innovations in Crustacean Processing: Bioproduction of Chitin and Its Derivatives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Innovations in Crustacean Processing -- 6.2.1 Conventional Processing Technologies -- 6.2.2 Innovations in Crustacean Processing -- 6.3 Utilization of Marine By-Products -- 6.3.1 Processing Technologies for Crustacean By-Products -- 6.3.2 A Biorefinery Approach for Value-Chain Optimization of Crustacean Biomass Waste -- 6.4 Bioproduction of Chitin and Its Derivatives -- 6.4.1 Background -- 6.4.2 Isolation and Extraction of Chitin and Chitosan -- 6.4.3 Non-chemical Structural Modifications of Chitin and Chitosan -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Recent Progress in the Utilization of Chitin/Chitosan for Chemicals and Materials -- 7.1 Structure, Source and Properties of Chitin/Chitosan.

7.2 Isolation and Purification of Chitin/Chitosan -- 7.3 Derivatives of Chitin/Chitosan -- 7.4 Utilization of Chitin/Chitosan for Chemicals and Materials -- 7.4.1 Utilization of Chitin/Chitosan for Chemicals -- 7.4.2 Utilization of Chitin/Chitosan for Materials -- 7.5 Closing Remark and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 8 Characterization and Utilization of Waste Streams from Mollusc Aquaculture and Fishing Industries -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Processing and Characterization of Mollusc Shells -- 8.2.1 Processing Technologies -- 8.2.2 Characterization of Shells -- 8.3 Applications of Mollusc Shells -- 8.3.1 Soil Amendment -- 8.3.2 Treatment of Metal Contamination and Acid Mine Drainage -- 8.3.3 Phosphate Removal and Water Purification -- 8.3.4 Building Materials -- 8.3.5 Mollusc-Derived Calcium Oxide in Catalysis -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Fish Processing Waste Streams as a Feedstock for Fuels -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Fish Processing By-Product -- 9.3 Chemical and Physical Properties of Crude Fish Oil -- 9.3.1 Chemical Composition of Crude Fish Oil -- 9.4 Oil Recovery Processes and Parameters -- 9.4.1 Physical/Thermal Separation Processes -- 9.4.2 Chemical Extraction Processes -- 9.4.3 Biological/Chemical Hydrolysis and Fermentation -- 9.4.4 Purification -- 9.4.5 Preservation of Feedstock and the Recovered Oil -- 9.5 Fuel Properties of Crude and Refined Fish Oils -- 9.5.1 Rheological Properties -- 9.5.2 Chemical Properties Affecting Fuel Quality -- 9.5.3 Thermal Properties -- 9.5.4 Other Fuel Properties -- 9.6 Performance of Crude Fish Oil as a Fuel -- 9.7 Upgrading Marine Crude Bio-Oil -- 9.7.1 Types of Refined Fish Oil Products -- 9.7.2 Transesterification -- 9.7.3 Pyrolysis -- 9.7.4 Microemulsification -- 9.7.5 Alternative Processes -- 9.8 Emission Comparison for Bio-Oils -- 9.8.1 Crude Fish Oil -- 9.8.2 Fish Biodiesel.

9.8.3 Biogas from Fish Waste -- 9.8.4 Fish Biofuels from Other Processes -- 9.9 Comparison of Crude Oil and Refined Oil Performance as a Fuel -- 9.10 Comparison of Fish Biofuels -- 9.11 Summary -- References -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.