Practical Endocrinology and Diabetes in Children.

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- 1 Diabetes Mellitus -- Definition -- Incidence -- Biochemistry -- Clinical presentation -- Investigations -- Initial management of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes -- Insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes -- Dietary management -- Management of the child presenting with ketoacidosis -- The diabetes clinic -- Monitoring and assessment of diabetes control -- Exercise -- Diabetes in preschool‐aged children -- Diabetes in adolescence -- Hypoglycaemia in youth with diabetes -- Recurrent DKA and its prevention -- Management of diabetes during intercurrent illness ('Sick Day Rules') -- Management of diabetes when travelling -- Management of diabetes during surgery -- Long‐term complications of diabetes -- Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents -- Miscellaneous practical matters -- Endocrine and other disorders associated with diabetes -- Unusual causes of diabetes in childhood -- Audit and benchmarking -- Future developments -- Controversial points -- Potential pitfalls -- References -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- Advice on transition from paediatric to adult care -- 2 Hypoglycaemia -- Physiology -- Symptoms and signs of hypoglycaemia -- Definition -- Aetiology -- Preliminary examination and investigation -- Treatment -- Emergency management of acute hypoglycaemia -- Guidelines for follow‐up -- When to involve a specialist centre -- Transition -- Future developments -- Controversial points -- Potential pitfalls -- References -- Further Reading -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 3 Short Stature -- Introduction -- Definitions of short stature, failure to thrive, and growth failure -- Physiology of growth -- Endocrine control of growth -- Clinical assessment of growth -- Clinical assessment of short stature.

Investigation of short stature -- Differential diagnosis of short stature -- Other endocrine causes of short stature -- Treatment of short stature -- Transition -- When to involve a specialist centre -- Future developments -- Controversial points -- Potential pitfalls -- References -- Further Reading -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 4 Tall Stature -- Pathogenesis and differential diagnosis -- Assessment of the child or adolescent with tall stature -- Investigations -- Causes of tall stature -- Endocrine causes of tall stature -- Treatment of familial (constitutional) tall stature -- Future developments -- When to involve a specialist centre -- Controversial points -- Potential pitfalls -- References -- Further Reading -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 5 Puberty -- Physiology of normal puberty -- Physiology of the menstrual cycle -- Clinical aspects of normal puberty -- Sexual precocity -- Clinical assessment and diagnosis of boys and girls with sexual precocity -- Diagnosis and management of sexual precocity in girls -- Diagnosis and management of sexual precocity in boys -- Delayed puberty and pubertal failure -- Clinical assessment of boys and girls with delayed puberty -- Causes of delayed or absent puberty and pubertal failure -- Other pubertal disorders -- Future developments -- Potential pitfalls -- Controversial points -- When to involve a specialist centre -- References -- Further Reading -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 6 Thyroid Disorders -- Embryology, anatomy, and physiology of the thyroid gland -- Foetal and neonatal thyroid metabolism -- Thyroid function tests (TFTs) -- Definition and classification of thyroid disorders -- Congenital hypothyroidism -- Acquired hypothyroidism -- Hyperthyroidism -- Thyroid neoplasia -- Miscellaneous disorders -- Transition.

When to involve a specialist centre -- Future developments -- Controversial points -- Common pitfalls -- References -- Further Reading -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 7 Differences in Sex Development and Common Genital Anomalies -- Introduction -- Normal sex differentiation and its genetic and hormonal control -- Classification of DSDs -- Initial investigation of DSDs -- Aetiological diagnosis, sex assignment, and initial management of DSDs -- Psychological challenges faced by individuals with DSDs and outcome -- Sexual orientation and gender identity in subjects with DSD -- Common genital anomalies with no ambiguity -- Future developments -- Potential pitfalls -- Controversial points -- When to involve a specialist centre -- Further Reading -- Useful Information for Individuals and Parents -- 8 Adrenal Disorders -- Physiology -- Investigations of adrenocortical function -- Glucocorticoid excess -- Glucocorticoid deficiency -- Mineralocorticoid excess -- Mineralocorticoid deficiency -- Sex steroid excess -- Adrenal enzyme defects -- Sex steroid deficiency -- Adrenal medullary disorder -- Future developments -- Potential pitfalls -- Controversial points -- When to involve a specialist centre -- Transition -- Emergency management -- References -- Further Reading -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 9 Salt and Water Balance -- Physiology and pathophysiology -- Hyponatraemia -- Endocrine hypertension -- Hypernatraemia -- Diabetes insipidus -- When to involve a specialist centre -- Future developments -- Controversial points -- Potential pitfalls -- Emergencies -- Further Reading -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 10 Calcium and Bone -- Physiology -- Hypocalcaemia -- Treatment -- Rickets -- Osteoporosis -- Hypercalcaemia -- When to involve a specialist centre -- Transition -- Future developments.

Controversial points -- Potential pitfalls -- References -- Further Reading -- Key Weblink -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 11 Obesity -- Physiology -- Preliminary examination and investigation -- Treatment -- When to involve a specialist centre -- Future developments -- Transition -- Controversial points -- Potential pitfalls -- Further Reading -- Key Weblinks -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 12 Endocrine Effects of Cancer Treatment -- Pathophysiology -- Investigation and management of late endocrine effects -- Specific endocrine and growth abnormalities associated with cancer treatment -- When to involve a specialist centre -- Future developments -- Transition -- Controversial points -- Potential pitfalls -- Further Reading -- Key Weblink -- Useful Information for Patients and Parents -- 13 An Endocrinologist's Guide to Genetics in the Age of Genomics -- Introduction -- Basic concepts -- Mutations and mode of inheritance -- Traditional molecular techniques -- Genomics -- Endocrine genetics: from phenotype to genotype -- References -- APPENDIX 1: Growth Charts and Body Mass Index (BMI) Charts -- Reference -- APPENDIX 2: Syndrome‐specific Growth Charts -- References -- APPENDIX 3: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) Therapy Card -- Index -- End User License Agreement.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.