Cogeneration Power Plants : Planning and Evaluation.

Intro -- Contents -- Chapitre 1 - Introduction -- Chapitre 2 - The Systems Engineering Approach -- As Applied to Cogeneration Power Plants -- Life-Cycle Cost and Modeling -- Chapitre 3 - Considerations for a Cogeneration Facility -- Conventional Power Distribution -- Turnkey or Power Purchase Agreement -- Time and Money -- Territorial Behavior -- Education -- Chapitre 4 - Site Analysis -- For Both New Projects and Existing Facilities -- Data acquisition -- Data analysis -- Thermal Energy -- Site Tour -- Electrical switchgear -- Noise -- Dust -- Working with the Local Utility and Interconnection Options -- Supply and Demand -- Generic Cogeneration Power Plant -- Minimum Import Agreement -- Inadvertent Export Agreement -- Full Export, Net Metering, and Dispatch -- Energy Storage -- Island Mode, Intertied and Island Mode Capable, or Off Grid Entirely -- Island mode/off grid -- Transients and starting surges -- Continuity of power -- Timing and balance -- Reliability -- Resynching to the utility -- Fuel security -- High latitudes and geomagnetic storms -- Chapitre 5 - Power and Heat Sources -- How Is It Done? -- Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines -- Derating -- Naturally aspirated or turbocharger-aftercooler? -- Gearbox? -- Cost drivers -- Modeling -- Overhauls -- Oil changes -- Reliability trees -- Emissions levels -- Rich or lean burn? -- Engine and generator efficiency levels -- Internal water pump? -- Internal thermostats: How many, and how much flow do they control? -- Costs -- Combustion Turbines -- Advantages of combustion turbines -- Disadvantages of combustion turbines -- Microturbines -- Advantages of microturbines -- Disadvantages of microturbines -- Concentrating Solar Thermal -- Parabolic trough thermal collector -- Linear Fresnel solar thermal collector -- Old-school technology with new bells and whistles.

Thermal fluids, including organic Rankine cycle and molten salt -- Costs -- Locations and weather limits -- O&amp -- M -- Hybridization -- Passive Solar Thermal-for Low-Grade Heat Recovery -- Photovoltaic -- Field sizing-area versus kilowatt output -- Fixed versus single-axis or dual-axis tracking -- Biomass -- Biogas -- Geothermal -- Wind -- Use where practical -- Highly variable, therefore storage is needed -- Other Sources -- Hydroelectric -- Fuel cell -- Coal -- Natural gas -- Stirling engines -- Energy Storage -- Electrical energy storage -- Mechanical energy storage -- Thermal energy storage -- N ? Or N + 1? -- Chapitre 6 - Distributed Generation Performance and Cost Analysis -- Spreadsheet Models -- Generic Model -- Weather -- Cloud cover -- Randomness -- Temperature -- Microgrid Model -- Financial Model -- Reality versus Wishful Thinking -- Chapitre 7 - Cogeneration Power Plants: Case Studies of Successes and Failures -- Project 1 -- A rough start -- Vortex versus differential pressure -- Broken promises -- First of a kind -- Derating -- Catalyst issues -- Dampers -- Coolant expansion tanks and dump radiators -- Steam header -- Air-conditioning -- Operations-induced problems -- Outcome -- Project 2 -- Water where it's not supposed to be -- Electrical distribution problems -- Project 3 -- Electrical distribution problems -- Steam piping (condenser) -- Financial ramifications -- Problems Common to Projects 2 and 3 -- Project 4 -- Application issues -- Heat recovery -- Containerized -- Safety concerns -- Project 5 -- Project 6 -- Duct burners -- Operations and management problems -- Project 7 -- Common Failures -- 1. Failure to evaluate all possible solutions to the situation -- 2. Failure to correctly identify the initial functions and requirements -- 3. Failure to address dust and other site-related hazards.

4. Failure to size the generation units correctly or operate them in the correct mode -- 5. Failure to provide adequate engine operating environment -- 6. Failure to model all parameters that reduce engine operations -- 7. Failure to be realistic about operations and maintenance -- 8. Failure to consistently apply all rules and standards to each alternative -- 9. Failure to include life-cycle costs in financial analysis -- 10. Failure to perform or understand the results of sensitivity analysis -- 11. Failure to use realistic probability distributions in Monte Carlo analysis -- 12. Failure to document everything, including why a system was selected, for later reevaluation -- 13. Failure to identify the customer's true needs -- 14. Failure to perform failure analysis -- Chapitre 8 - Concluding Points -- Benefits of On-Site Cogeneration -- Reliability -- Economics -- Green -- Easy, but not simple -- Build a Successful Team -- Experience counts -- Putting together a great operations and maintenance team -- Training and qualification programs -- Excellence in Operations and Maintenance -- Communication -- Computerized maintenance management and preventive maintenance systems -- Quality assurance and quality control -- Conclusion -- Appendix A - Common Omissions and Failures -- Appendix B - General Questions to Ask a Prospective Energy Services Company -- Appendix C - True-False Questions to Ask a Prospective Energy Services Company.

This book is intended to help those interested in cogeneration power plants by laying out a thorough and proven planning methodology for new facilities, as well as an evaluation methodology for existing facilities.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.