The Integration of Descendants of Migrants from Turkey in Stockholm : The TIES Study in Sweden.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements and contributors -- 1. Introduction / Charles Westin, Alireza Behtoui, Constanza Vera Larrucea, Ali Osman -- 2. Historical and demographic considerations / Constanza Vera Larrucea -- 3. Educational achievement / Alireza Behtoui -- 4. Social capital / Alireza Behtoui -- 5. Perceptions of discrimination / Alireza Behtoui -- 6. Identity: Belonging, language and transnationalism / Constanza Vera Larrucea -- 7. The labour market / Lena Schröder -- 8. Conclusions / Alireza Behtoui -- List of Tables -- Table 2.1 : Age distribution, by parents' country of birth and gender (in %). Target group = descendants of migrants from Turkey -- reference group = young people of Swedish origin -- Table 2.2 : Marital status for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 2.3 : Respondents having left their parental home, target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 2.4 : Reasons for leaving the parental home (in %) -- Table 2.5 : Parents' province of origin (in %) -- Table 2.6 : Parents' ethnicity (self-identification) (in %) -- Table 2.7 : Parents' age of migration to Sweden -- Table 2.8 : Parents' reasons to migrate to Sweden (in %) -- Table 2.9 : Parents' reasons to migrate, by ethnic groups (in %) -- Table 2.10 : Citizenship position (in %) -- Table 2.11 : Grounds for citizenship acquisition (in %) -- Table 3.1 : School segregation at primary school level, by age for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 3.2 : Repeating primary school class, by gender for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 3.3 : Having spent more than three months abroad during the primary school period (in %) -- Table 3.4 : Segregation at secondary school level, by age for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 3.5 : Repeating classes (secondary school) for target and reference groups (in %).

Table 3.6 : Highest educational level, by gender for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 3.7 : Remedial tutoring or homework coaching during secondary school (in %) -- Table 3.8 : Relations with teachers and other students, for target and reference groups -- Table 3.9 : Number of friends of native parentage, for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 3.10 : Years of education, father and mother, for target and reference groups (standard deviations in parentheses) -- Table 3.11 : Number of books available at the parental home, for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 3.12 : Years of education, older siblings (in %, standard deviations in parentheses) -- Table 3.13 : Years of education, OLS regression, unstandardised (b) and standardised (Beta) coefficients -- Table 3.14 : The role of the immediate support group during secondary school, for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 3.15 : Involvement of parents in education, for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 4.1 : Three best friends in secondary school, 'ethnicity' and education, by education for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 4.2 : Three current best friends, 'ethnicity' and education, by education for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 4.3 : Number of friends with native background at two different points in time (in %) -- Table 4.4 : Rate of participation in social organisations for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 4.5 : 'Ethnicity' of partner (for those who have a partner), by gender (in %) -- Table 4.6 : Mean age differences between partners (for those who have a partner), by gender -- Table 4.7 : Current labour market situation of the partner (for those who have a partner), by gender for target and reference groups (in % -- numbers in parentheses).

Table 5.1 : Personal experiences of discrimination for target and reference groups (in %) -- Table 5.2 : Three situations of experiencing personal discrimination (in %) -- Table 5.3 : Three groups in Sweden that are perceived to be discriminated against (in %) -- Table 5.4 : The situations in which Turks as a group are perceived to be 'frequently' or 'regularly' discriminated against (in %) -- Table 5.5 : Logistic estimate results for perceived discrimination, odds ratio, only descendants of migrants included -- Table 6.1 : Sense of belonging to the Swedish group (in %) -- Table 6.2 : Belonging to the Swedish community, by ethnic group (in %) -- Table 6.3 : Identifying as Stockholmers (in %) -- Table 6.4 : Turkish belonging (in %) -- Table 6.5 : Belonging to the Turkish group, by ethnicity (in %) -- Table 6.6 : Belonging to the Kurdish and Syriani groups for Kurds and Syriacs respectively (in %) -- Table 6.7 : European belonging (in %) -- Table 6.8 : Religious upbringing (in %) -- Table 6.9 : Current religious affiliation (in %) -- Table 6.10 : Sense of Muslim belonging or identification (in %) -- Table 6.11 : Sense of belonging to the Syrian Orthodox Church (and community) (in %) -- Table 6.12 : Self-perception of Swedish language proficiency. Valid and cumulative % -- Table 6.13 : Self-perception of Turkish/Kurdish/Suryoyo language proficiency. Valid and cumulative % -- Table 6.14 : Self-perception of oral proficiency of Turkish/Kurdish/Suryoyo language (in %) -- Table 6.15 : Self-perception of writing proficiency of Turkish/Kurdish/Suryoyo language (in %) -- Table 6.16 : Language used when talking to friends, by ethnic group (in %) -- Table 6.17 : Language used when talking to father (in %) -- Table 6.18 : Language used when talking to mother (in %) -- Table 6.19 : Language used when talking to brothers and sisters (in %).

Table 6.20 : Transnational practices: forms of contact (in %) -- Table 6.21 : Transnational practices: size of remittances (in %) -- Table 6.22 : Transnational practices, by ethnicity (in %) -- Table 6.23 : Desire to live in Turkey (in %) -- Table 7.1 : Distribution of age categories and mean age (in %) -- Table 7.2 : Main activity at time of interview, by gender and age (in %) -- Table 7.3 : Distribution of jobs at time of interview across industrial sectors, by gender and age (in %) -- Table 7.4 : Monthly wage after taxes at time of interview, by gender (in %) -- Table 7.A1 : Odds ratios for being employed or self-employed -- men and women -- Table 7.A2 : Odds ratios for being employed or self-employed -- women -- Table 7.A3 : Odds ratios for being employed or self-employed -- men -- Table 7.A4 : Odds ratios for being neither employed nor in education or training (NEET) -- men and women -- List of Figures -- Figure 7.1 : Unemployment in % of the labour force, ages 20-24 and 25-64, 1963-2008 -- Figure 7.2 : Employed and self-employed at time of interview, by age and gender (in %) -- Figure 7.3 : NEET rate at time of interview, by age and gender (in %) -- Figure 7.4 : 'Do you consider yourself overqualified in your current job?' Percentage answering YES.

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