Bavarian Syntax : Contributions to the theory of syntax.

Bavarian Syntax -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of content -- Aspects of Bavarian syntax -- Günther Grewendorf -- Syntactic and phonological properties of wh-operators and wh-movement in Bavarian -- Josef Bayer -- Complementizer agreement (in Bavarian) -- Feature inheritance or feature insertion?* -- Eric Fuß -- The rise and fall of double agreement -- A comparison between Carinthian and Kansas Bukovina Bohemian -- Melani Wratil* -- Structures of 'Emphatic Topicalization' in Bavarian -- Uli Lutz -- Gaps and parasitic gaps in Bavarian* -- Günther Grewendorf -- Observations on relative clauses in Bavarian* -- Dalina Kallulli -- Really weird subjects -- The syntax of family names in Bavarian* -- Helmut Weiß -- Austro-Bavarian directionals -- Towards a bigger picture -- Bettina Gruber -- IPP-constructions in Alemannic and Bavarian in comparison* -- Oliver Schallert -- The Upper German differential -- Main Austrian-Bavarian vs. (High) Alemannic differences -- Werner Abraham -- Aspects of Bavarian Syntax -- 1. Dialect syntax and Universal Grammar -- 2. Specific properties of Bavarian syntax -- 2.1 Doubly filled COMP -- 2.2 Complementizer agreement and partial pro-drop -- 2.3 Extraction phenomena -- 2.4 Negative concord -- 2.5 The contributions -- References -- Syntactic and phonological properties of wh-operators and wh-movement in Bavarian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. When wh moves to C -- 3. Conceptual and theoretical motivation -- 4. Judgments -- 5. Production -- 6. Extraction from wh-CPs -- 7. Extraction to the specifier of wh-CPs: Emphatic topicalization -- 8. Cliticization and consonantal epenthesis -- 9. Complementizer inflection -- 10. Conclusions and a glimpse beyond Bavarian -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Complementizer agreement (in Bavarian) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. In favor of a post-syntactic analysis.

2.1 Adjacency effects -- 2.2 The rationale for feature inheritance -- 2.3 Right node raising -- 2.4 Comparative deletion -- 3. C-agr as feature insertion -- 3.1 Lack of C-agr in comparatives/right node raising -- 3.2 Double agreement -- 3.3 Adjacency effects -- 3.4 First conjunct agreement -- 3.5 External possessor agreement (in West Flemish) -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- The rise and fall of double agreement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Restoration of 1st person plural double agreement effects in Carinthian -- 2.1 Word order and syntactic brackets in Carinthian -- 2.2 Strong and weak subject pronouns in Carinthian -- 2.3 1st person plural double agreement in Carinthian -- 2.4 The C-oriented 1st person plural marker -- 2.5 Loss and restoration of double agreement -- 3. Residual 1st person plural double agreement in Kansas Bukovina Bohemian -- 3.1 Word order and syntactic brackets in Kansas Bukovina Bohemian -- 3.2 Strong and weak subject pronouns in Kansas Bukovina Bohemian -- 3.3 1st person plural double agreement and C-oriented agreement marking in Kansas Bukovina Bohemian -- 3.4 The rise of uniform agreement -- 3.5 Residual double agreement and homonymy flight -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Structures of 'Emphatic Topicalization' in Bavarian -- 1. Basic properties of emphatic topicalization -- 1.1 Complementizers in ET -- 1.2 ET constituents -- 1.3 ET movement and pied piping -- 1.4 Summing up: Basic properties of ET constructions -- 2. Rizzi me - Structural approaches to emphatic topicalization -- 2.1 Emphasis (Bayer 2001, 2006 -- Bayer &amp -- Dasgupta (to appear)) -- 2.2 'Bavarian Extraction' (Grewendorf 2012) -- 2.3 To BE or ET, is this a question? -- 3. ET and Standard German -- 3.1 DFC considerations -- 3.2 Low or high C -- 4. A loose end: Wh phrases as ET constituents? -- 5. Conclusion -- References.

Gaps and parasitic gaps in Bavarian* -- 1. The landing position of Bavarian extraction -- 2. Bavarian extraction meets parasitic gaps -- 3. Crucial properties of BE -- 4. The necessity of fronting -- 5. The pronominal nature of the matrix gap -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Observations on relative clauses in Bavarian* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Felix' (1985) analysis: Its virtues and its shortcomings -- 3. An alternative analysis -- 4. Some challenges and how to tackle them -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Really weird subjects -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 2.1 Formal and areal variants -- 2.2 Syntax: Distribution and restrictions -- 2.3 Categorial und morphosyntactic features -- 3. Two possible analyses -- 3.1 pro -- 3.2 Possessive syntax -- 3.3 Conclusion -- 4. How much structure do we need? -- 5. Appendix: Connection between locative and possessive constructions -- References -- Austro-Bavarian directionals -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 What this paper is not about -- 2. The core data -- 3. Central versus non-central coincidence: Hale (1986) -- 4. The internal syntax of Austro-Bavarian directionals -- 4.1 The relational head ±coin elsewhere -- 4.2 Application to Austro-Bavarian directionals -- 5. The external syntax of Austro-Bavarian directionals -- 5.1 Demonstrating constituency -- 5.2 A remaining issue: Verb third -- 5.3 Specified paths -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- IPP-constructions in Alemannic and Bavarian in comparison* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Typological background -- 2.1 Some basic properties and distinctions -- 2.2 IPP and the typology of Germanic -- 3. A note on the data types used -- 3.1 Questionaire study -- 3.2 Corpus data -- 3.3 Dialectological secondary sources -- 4. The data -- 4.1 Morphological effects -- 4.2 Serialization patterns -- 4.3 Compactness restrictions -- 5. Analysis -- 5.1 Morphological aspects.

5.2 Constituent structure representations -- 5.3 VPR-structures and nonverbal interveners -- 5.4 Idiolectal variation: An OT-approach -- 6. Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- The Upper German differential -- 1. Methodology -- 1.1 Standard German/StG = Middle German written + North German pronunciation -- 1.2 Methodical principle of identification -- 1.3 Justification of universalism at the hands of micro-variation: The quantitative and the qualitative argument -- 2. Adjectival inflection: (High) Alemannic makes morphological case distinctions in alliance with strong/weak deictic functions (neglected in Standard German) -- 3. Justification of the universalism of grammar in the spirit of micro-variance: The qualitative argument by way of hidden (covert) categories -- 3.1 Time by the clock: It is a quarter to four -- 3.2 Attributival before elliptical head noun: He has four kids/*(of them) -- 3.3 After an article form -- 3.4 DP in the oral codes of BA and (H)A -- 4. The V-complex and die OV/VO-question -- 4.1 Multi-membered verbal complexes -- 4.2 What correlates directly with the third type -- 4.3 OV vs. VO attestations in the V-complex -- 5. The South German demise of the simple past (OPS) and oral-auditive processing/parsing criteria of economy: The South German Aux-filter -- 5.1 What is behind the BA demise of the simple past ('Oberdeutscher Präteritumschwund'/ OPS? -- 5.2 The core-grammatical background of OPS -- 5.3 OPS: Explanatory links with other phenomena -- 5.3.1 -- 5.3.2 -- 6. Double negation/DN -- 7. Summary and conclusion: The quality criterion of micro-linguistic research -- 7.1 Dialects are valuable laboratories of grammar in more than one sense -- 7.2 Dialects may provide direct explanations -- 7.3 Dialects may provide structural keys for typological hybrids.

7.4 Contradictory economy principles (both Late Merge and Phrase-to-Head)? -- 7.5 OV goes hand-in-hand with VO? -- 7.6 The methodological advantage of oral-only codes -- 7.7 Traditional dialectology vs. micro-linguistics? -- References -- Index.

This essay is essentially a list of phenomena taken from the two large dialect areas of what is called Upper German (for German Oberdeutsch, South German (SG henceforth), comprising Austrian and Bavarian dialects as well as High Alemannic). The author himself speaks natively (base and high school) Viennese Austrian and the dialect of the Montafon, Vorarlberg, as samples of these two dialect areas. Although the critical assumptions of micro-linguistics (cf. Poletto 2000; Kayne 2013; Abraham & Leiss 2013) form the bottom seed, no theoretical discussions are entertained as consequences to the empirical data body. Wherever known to me, however, I included the pertinent bibliographical information that leads to advanced and farther reaching conclusions and generalizations particularly in the spirit of Universal grammar.

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