The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy.

Intro -- The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy -- Introduction -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Section I States and Contemporary Conflict -- 1 Conceptualizing State Counterterrorism -- State of the Art -- Conceptualization Methods -- Defining State CT -- Defining Political Violence -- Defining Terrorism -- Is All Terrorism Non-State Terrorism? -- Is All Terrorism Subversive? -- Is Violence against Indirect Participants in Hostilities Terrorism? -- Defining CT -- Defining the State -- Defining State CT -- Specifying Subtypes of State CT -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 2 Terrorism and Counterterrorism: The Criticality of Context -- Introduction -- Unintended but Not Unexpected Consequences: 9/11 and Al-Qaeda -- US Strategy in Iraq: Prioritising Security -- The Provisional IRA: Aggressor and Main Protagonist -- Active, Passive and Outside Supports: Essential to an Insurgency -- Correct Context: Strong SB -- Northern Ireland's Internal Security Solution: An Indigenous Approach -- Loughgall: Factual Inaccuracies, Skewed Analysis and Flawed Conclusions -- Suppressing Strategic Success -- Phase IV: Counterinsurgency -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 The Challenges of Defining Terrorism for Counter-Terrorism Policy -- Introduction -- The Challenges in Defining Terrorism -- The Changing Meaning of the Term "Terrorism" -- Guerrilla, Insurgency, and Terrorism: The Blurred Boundaries -- Terrorist-Insurgents or Insurgent-Terrorists: Examining the Operational Strategies of ISIL and Boko Haram with a view to Re-defining Terrorism -- Policy Implications for Counter-Terrorism Strategies -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4 Evaluating the 'Success' and 'Failure' of Counterterrorism Policy and Practice -- Introduction -- Sri Lanka: Taking Matters into Their Own Hands -- Contemporary Tale of Violence.

CT Policies and Actions -- Russia: Reinvention of Terrorism -- Contemporary Tale of Violence -- CT Policies and Actions -- Israel: Never-Ending Rivalry -- Contemporary Tale of Violence -- CT Policies and Actions -- United States: A Target of Globalization -- Contemporary Tale of Violence -- CT Policies and Actions -- Discussion -- Concrete vs. Abstract Cognitive Demands -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Counterterrorism and Society: The Contradiction of the Surveillance State - Understanding the Relationship Among Communities, State Authorities, and Society -- Introduction -- The Necessity of Framing the 'Other' -- Trust and Legitimacy: A Two-edge Sword -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Facing States of Fear: The Emerging Issues of Terrorism and Counterterrorism in Transitional Justice -- Introduction -- Application to Terrorism -- The Relevant Acts of Terrorism and the Difference between State and Non-State Terrorism -- The Mechanisms of Transitional Justice that Can Be Applied to the Acts of Terrorism -- Truth Commissions -- Criminal Proceedings -- Security Sector Reforms -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Section II North America -- 7 A 'Paradigm of Prevention:' United States Counterterrorism Strategies in a Transnational World -- Introduction -- The Rise of Non-State Actors and Transnational Terrorism -- George W. Bush's Global War on Terror -- Barack Obama's War against Al-Qaeda -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Canada's National Counterterrorism Strategy and Challenges of Community Based Intervention in Countering Radicalization -- Introduction -- Background -- Methodology -- National Security Threat (Domestic) and CT Environment -- Canadian Counter Terrorism (CT) Strategies -- The Challenges of Community-Based Intervention in Countering Radicalization in Canada -- Micro-level Factors -- Discussion -- Meso-Level Factors -- Discussion.

Macro-Level Factors -- Discussion -- Strategic Guidelines for an Inclusive Community-Based Intervention Model -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 9 Domestic and Transnational Dimensions of Counterterrorism Policy in Mexico -- Introduction -- Narcoterrorism -- The Cartels -- Other Crime-Related Issues -- Alleged Linkages with International Terrorism -- Insurgent Groups/Activities -- Border Security -- Domestic Policy -- US Policy and Transnational Cooperation -- Future Prospects -- References -- Section III South America -- 10 'Glocalizing' Counterterrorism Law and Policy in the Caribbean: Between State Vulnerability and Independence -- Introduction -- Necessity and the Vulnerability of the State in the Face of Terror -- Vulnerability -- Glocalization and the Reach of Counterterrorism Legality -- The Spectre of the Rule of Law and Thick/Thin Legal Frameworks -- Thin Legal Frameworks -- Legacy, Actuality and Possibility -- Legacy and Counterterrorism Legality: The Abu Bakr Case -- Legality and the Weightlessness of Possibility: Sharma v Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago -- Conclusion -- References -- International Legal Instruments -- National Legislation -- Antigua and Barbuda -- Barbados -- Belize -- Jamaica -- Trinidad and Tobago -- UK -- Cases -- Trinidad and Tobago -- UK -- International -- 11 Counterterrorism in Brazil: From Dictatorship to Democratic Times -- Introduction -- Historical Outlook (I) - The First Dictatorship -- Historical Outlook (II) - The Second Dictatorship -- Democratic Times - Terrorism as a Low Priority -- Democratic Times - Areas of Contention -- Conclusion - Silent No More? -- References -- 12 The Colombian Case: Rebranding Counterinsurgency as Counterterrorism -- Introduction -- "Revolutionary Terrorism" and the Over-Militarization of CT -- From Cold War to Drug War: The Advent of "Narco-Terrorism".

The FARC's Terrorist Ascendancy -- Colombia in the Context of the "Global War on Terror" -- Conclusion: The Convergence of Crime, Insurgency, and Terrorism and Its Challenge for Colombian CT -- References -- Section IV Europe -- 13 The European Union against Terrorism: Challenges and Future Opportunities -- Contextualization of European Union Counter-terrorism Activities -- Towards Cooperation: Prerequisites for Addressing Terrorism on the EU Level -- The Path towards Counter-terrorism within the Common Security and Defence Policy -- From Theory to Practice: TREVI and the Police Working Group on Terrorism (PWGT) - The Early Years -- Terrorist Catalysts: The Events of 9/11 in the United States, 3/11 in Spain and 7/7 in the United Kingdom -- The Introduction and/or Expansion of EU Counter-Terrorist Tools and Structures -- Europol -- Eurojust -- European Arrest Warrant -- Joint Investigation Teams (JITS) -- EU Definition of Terrorism, List of Terrorist Organisations, and Terrorist Financing -- Office of the Coordinator of Counter-Terrorism (CTC) -- EU Political Frameworks in Counter-Terrorism -- EU Counter-Terrorism Plan of Action 2001 -- EU Counter-Terrorism Strategy 2005 -- EU Strategy for Combating Radicalisation and Recruitment to Terrorism 2005 -- EU Action Plan on Combating Terrorism 2011 -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 The Practice of Counterterrorism in the United Kingdom and its Sociopolitical Effects -- Introduction -- Terrorism in the UK -- UK CT: The CONTEST Strategy -- Pursue -- Prevent -- Protect and Prepare -- The Sociopolitical Effects of UK CT Efforts on Wider Society -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 15 Traveling along Sword's Edge: Germany's Ambivalence between Protecting Civil Rights of Muslim Communities and Fighting Terror -- Introduction: Overview of Counterterrorism Policies in Germany -- CT in Germany after September 11.

Impact on Fundamental Rights and Freedoms -- Germany's Activism in Fight Against Global Terrorism -- Muslim Communities in Germany: How Are they Affected by Growing CT Measures? -- A Flawed CT Strategy? -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- 16 Walking a Thin Line: The Netherland's Counterterrorism Challenge -- The Historic Context - Immigrants and the Problem of Homegrown Terrorism -- Post-September 11, 2001, Counterterrorism Policy -- Expansion of Intelligence Infrastructure and Cooperation -- Expansion of Surveillance and Preemptive Policing -- Spelling out Penalties for Terrorist-Related Offenses -- Critiques of Current Policies -- The Minority Rights Critique -- The Civil Rights Critique -- The Surveillance Critique -- The Future of Dutch Counterterrorism -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Counterterrorism Policies and Institutions in Northern Europe and the Baltic States -- Introduction -- The Baltic States -- Denmark -- Finland -- Iceland -- Norway -- Sweden -- Concluding Observations -- References -- 18 Between Trust and Oppression: Contemporary Counter-Terror Policies in Denmark -- Introduction -- The Danish Context -- The Development of Counterterror Policy in Denmark -- Mentoring Approaches and the 'Aarhus Model' -- Between Trust and Oppression -- Notes -- References -- 19 The Perils and Prospects of the French Approach to Counterterrorism -- Introduction -- Terrorism in France: Current and Future Challenges -- French Counterterrorism -- Critical Assessment -- Sociopolitical Effects of CT Policies -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- 20 Independence Through Terrorism? The Linkages Between Secessionism and Terrorism in the Basque Country -- Introduction -- The Basques and the Rise of ETA in Spain and France -- ETA -- 3/11 -- Secessionism and Terrorism -- Spanish Counterterrorism Response -- Political Strategies.

Policing Strategies.

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