A Companion to South Asia in the Past.

Intro -- TITLE PAGE -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- FORMAL DEDICATION -- FOREWORD -- REFERENCES -- MAPS -- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION -- PART I: PALEOANTHROPOLOGY IN SOUTH ASIA -- CHAPTER 2: MAMMALIAN PALEODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY OF SIWALIK PRIMATES IN INDIA AND NEPAL -- INTRODUCTION -- THE SIWALIK DEPOSITS -- THE ORIGIN OF THE SIWALIKS -- NEPAL SIWALIKS -- A BRIEF HISTORY OF PALEONTOLOGY IN THE SIWALIKS -- SIWALIK FOSSIL PRIMATES -- MAMMALIAN FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGES AND PALEOHABITATS OF FOSSIL PRIMATES IN THE SIWALIKS OF INDIA AND NEPAL -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3: A DECADE OF PALEOANTHROPOLOGY IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT (2005-2015) -- INTRODUCTION -- THE OLDEST ACHEULEAN IN INDIA -- THE YOUNGEST ACHEULEAN IN INDIA -- MULTIDISCIPLINARY PALEOANTHROPOLOGY IN THE CENTRAL NARMADA BASIN -- THE SOANIAN INDUSTRY REASSESSED -- THE 74 KY TOBA VOLCANO SUPER ERUPTION AND INDIAN PALEOANTHROPOLOGY -- THE SOUTH ASIAN MICROLITHIC RECORD BECOMES OLDER -- ONGOING INVESTIGATIONS AT NEW SITES AND REGIONS -- REASSESSMENTS AND REVISED INTERPRETATIONS AT KNOWN SITES AND ASSEMBLAGES -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4: ARCHAIC GENOMES AND THE PEOPLING OF SOUTH ASIA -- INTRODUCTION -- MULTIREGIONAL EVOLUTION VERSUS THE RECENT AFRICAN ORIGIN OF MODERN HUMANS -- PLEISTOCENE HOMININ ADMIXTURE -- IMPLICATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING HOMININ EVOLUTION IN ASIA -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5: OUT OF AFRICA AND INTO SOUTH ASIA -- INTRODUCTION -- OUT OF AFRICA I: THE SOUTH ASIAN EVIDENCE -- OUT OF AFRICA II: MODERN HUMAN PEOPLING OF THE OLD WORLD -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6: HOMININ FOSSIL REMAINS FROM THE NARMADA VALLEY -- INTRODUCTION -- THE NARMADA CALVARIUM -- THE CLAVICLES -- THE NINTH RIB -- THE HUMERUS -- THE FEMUR.

BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7: MESOLITHIC FORAGERS OF THE GANGES PLAIN AND ADJOINING HILLY REGIONS OF THE VINDHYAS -- INTRODUCTION -- THE MESOLITHIC LAKE CULTURE SITES OF THE GANGES PLAIN -- A NOTE ON CHRONOLOGY -- SEDENTISM: STRUCTURES AND SUBSISTENCE -- SYMBOLIC LIFE: MORTUARY BEHAVIOR AND ART IN THE MESOLITHIC -- ART ACTIVITIES -- TRANSFORMATION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8: MESOLITHIC FORAGERS OF THE GANGES PLAIN -- INTRODUCTION -- ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL CONTEXT -- SITE LOCATION AND ANTIQUITY -- THE PRESENT ANALYSIS: BIOARCHAEOLOGICAL THEORIES ON SUBSISTENCE AND "HEALTH" -- MATERIALS -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART II: MIDDLE HOLOCENE FARMERS AND URBAN DWELLERS -- CHAPTER 9: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION -- INTRODUCTION -- ORIGIN AND EXTENT OF THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION -- CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION TO WORLD HISTORY -- CLIMATE AND DECLINE OF THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10: EXCAVATIONS AT HARAPPA, 1986-2010 -- INTRODUCTION -- CHRONOLOGY OF HARAPPA AND THE INDUS CIVILIZATION -- EARLY HARAPPAN CEMETERY EXCAVATIONS -- HARAPPA ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROJECT CEMETERY EXCAVATIONS -- HARAPPAN CEMETERY: BURIAL FEATURES -- CONTEMPORANEOUS HARAPPAN AND BRONZE AGE CEMETERIES -- HARAPPA CEMETERY BURIAL PATTERNS -- BURIAL RITUALS AND OFFERINGS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 11: BIOARCHAEOLOGY OF THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOLOGICAL AFFINITIES -- PALEOPATHOLOGY -- CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF BONES AND TEETH -- FINAL THOUGHTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12: MORE THAN ORIGINS -- INTRODUCTION -- MIGRATION IN ARCHAEOLOGY -- MIGRATION AND MORTUARY PRACTICE: AN ISOTOPIC CASE STUDY.

MODELING INSTITUTIONALIZED MIGRATION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 13: ARYANS AND THE INDUS CIVILIZATION -- INTRODUCTION -- WEAPONS, DEFENSES, AND SKELETONS -- THE ARYANS IN CONTEMPORARY ARCHAEOLOGY -- ARYANS IN THE BIOANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORD -- EVIDENCE FROM ARCHAEOGENETICS -- FROM INDIA OUTWARD? -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14: THE AHAR CULTURE AND OTHERS -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINING THE AHAR: A GENEALOGY OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURE'S NAME -- GEOGRAPHY -- BAGOR -- SOCIAL VARIABILITY IN THE MEWAR PLAIN -- SPECTRUM OF PRACTICES AND PROCESSES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LATE HOLOCENE ON THE DECCAN PLATEAU (THE DECCAN CHALCOLITHIC) -- INTRODUCTION -- THE DECCAN REGION AND ITS CHALCOLITHIC CULTURES -- CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE OF THE DECCAN CHALCOLITHIC -- ORIGIN OF DECCAN CHALCOLITHIC CULTURES -- DECCAN CHALCOLITHIC SETTLEMENT PATTERN AND PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE -- MATERIAL CULTURE -- TRADE CONTACTS -- SUBSISTENCE -- RELIGION -- DECLINE -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16: THE CENTER CANNOT HOLD -- INTRODUCTION -- LIFE AND DEATH IN THE SECOND MILLENNIUM BCE -- MARKERS OF NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY IN THE PAST -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- A BIOARCHAEOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS IN THE SECOND MILLENNIUM BCE, SOUTH ASIA -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17: THE "GANDHARA GRAVE CULTURE" -- INTRODUCTION -- PREVIOUS UNDERSTANDINGS -- GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT -- UOP PERIODIZATION AND CHRONOLOGICAL SETTINGS -- ISMEO PERIODIZATION AND CHRONOLOGICAL FRAMEWORKS -- NEW CHRONOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDINGS -- NEW UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE GRAVES, GRAVE GOODS, AND BURIAL PRACTICES -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART III: HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY -- CHAPTER 18: EARLY IRON AGE MEGALITH BUILDERS OF VIDARBHA -- INTRODUCTION -- MEGALITHIC ARCHITECTURE TYPOLOGY.

DISCOVERY AND RECOGNITION OF MEGALITHS IN VIDARBHA -- THREE PHASES OF PROBLEM-ORIENTED RESEARCH -- MEGALITHIC VERSUS IRON AGE TRADITIONS OF PENINSULAR INDIA -- CONCLUSION: WHO WERE THE MEGALITH BUILDERS? -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 19: SITUATING IRON AGE MONUMENTS IN SOUTH INDIA -- INTRODUCTION -- LITERARY AND EPIGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ON MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS -- RITES AND RITUALS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 20: A REVIEW OF EARLY HISTORIC URBANIZATION IN INDIA -- INTRODUCTION -- NORTH INDIA -- EAST INDIA -- WESTERN AND CENTRAL INDIA -- DECCAN -- SOUTH INDIA -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 21: HISTORICAL AND MEDIEVAL PERIOD ARCHAEOLOGY -- INTRODUCTION -- THE EARLY HISTORIC PERIOD -- TRENDS IN EARLY HISTORIC RESEARCH -- MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY -- TRENDS IN MEDIEVAL RESEARCH -- THE MEANING OF THE HISTORIC PAST -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 22: THE TRANSITION TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN INDIA -- INTRODUCTION -- LOCATING DOMESTICATION IN SOUTH ASIA -- THE SOUTHERN NEOLITHIC -- THE NORTHERN PATHWAY: EARLY AGRICULTURE IN THE GANGES AND VINDHYAS -- CERAMICS AND CULINARY TRADITIONS: SOUTH VERSUS NORTH -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 23: FROM MILLET TO RICE (AND BACK AGAIN?) -- INTRODUCTION -- CUISINE, CULTIVATION, AND HEALTH IN SOUTHERN INDIA -- FOOD AND ITS VALUES -- LONG-TERM HISTORIES OF SOUTH INDIAN FARMING AND FOOD -- PRODUCING FOOD, PRODUCING PEOPLE -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 24: DEATH AND BURIAL AMONG TWO ANCIENT HIGH-ALTITUDE COMMUNITIES OF NEPAL -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF UPPER MUSTANG -- THE HUMAN REMAINS -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART IV: SOUTH ASIA IN RETROSPECT -- CHAPTER 25: PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY IN BANGLADESH -- INTRODUCTION -- BANGLADESH ARCHAEOLOGY -- PREHISTORIC SITES OF BANGLADESH -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES.

CHAPTER 26: ARCHAEOLOGY OF NEPAL -- INTRODUCTION -- PALEOLITHIC SITES IN WESTERN NEPAL: THE WORK OF GUDRUN CORVINUS -- THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD OF THE LATE HOLOCENE IN NEPAL -- HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN NEPAL -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 27: THE PEOPLING OF SRI LANKA FROM PREHISTORIC TO HISTORIC TIMES -- INTRODUCTION -- TRACING ORIGINS: ARCHAEOLOGICAL, SKELETAL, AND HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE PEOPLING OF SRI LANKA -- THE MULTILAYERED BIOCULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF SRI LANKA -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 28: THEORETICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN INDIA -- INTRODUCTION -- THE NEW ARCHAEOLOGY AS A CATALYST -- PROCESSUAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN INDIA: SOME EXAMPLES -- A NEW TURN IN THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL DIMENSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 29: MOVING FORWARD, LOOKING BACK -- INTRODUCTION -- THE FORMATIVE PHASE (1774-1919) -- THE CONSTRUCTIVE PHASE (1920-1949) -- THE ANALYTICAL PERIOD (1950-1990) -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 30: ANTHROPOLOGY AND MUSEUMS IN INDIA -- INTRODUCTION -- MEANINGS OF MUSEUM -- A BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSEUMS IN COLONIAL INDIA -- MUSEUMS AND THE COLONIZATION OF INDIA -- CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON ANTHROPOLOGY AND MUSEUMS -- INDIRA GANDHI RASHTRIYA MANAV SANGRAHALAYA (NATIONAL MUSEUM OF MANKIND) -- CONCLUDING REMARKS ON MUSEUMS IN INDIA -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 31: HUMAN SKELETAL STUDIES -- INTRODUCTION -- HUMAN SKELETAL BIOLOGY IN INDIA -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 32: WHERE ARE THEY NOW? THE HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS FROM INDIA -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT.

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