Cognitive Science Compendium. Volume 2.

Intro -- COGNITIVE SCIENCE COMPENDIUM VOLUME 2 -- COGNITIVE SCIENCE COMPENDIUM VOLUME 2 -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 SUBCELLULAR TRAFFICKING OF BACE1: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN THE CONTROL OF β-AMYLOID GENERATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF THE β-SECRETASE BACE1 -- THE SUBCELLULAR TRANSPORT OF BACE1 -- THE ROLE OF THE CYTOPLASMATIC DOMAIN OF BACE1 IN ITS SUBCELLULAR TRAFFICKING -- HOW COULD GGA 1 DEPENDENT TRAFFICKING OF BACE1 INFLUENCE Aβ GENERATION ? -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 BRAIN VESICULAR MONOAMINE TRANSPORTER AND APOPTOSIS: PERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPMENT AND NEURODEGENERATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- VMAT2 VERSUS MONOAMINE OXIDASE -- DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION OF VMAT2 -- MICE LACKING VMAT2 -- VMAT2 AND PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX -- PARKINSON'S DISEASE -- SPONSORS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IS TOO LATE: THE CASE FOR PRESYMPTOMATIC DETECTION AND TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE BRAIN RESERVE HYPOTHESIS -- 2.1. Normal Developmental Changes in the Brain during Childhood and Adolescence -- 2.2. Education and Cultural Influences -- 2.3. Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to Brain Reserve -- 2.4. Normal Brain Alterations with Aging -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. NEURONAL PLASTICITY -- 3.1. Synaptic Changes with Learning -- 3.2. Compensations in Brain Injury -- 3.3. Summary -- 4. MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT (MCI) AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) -- 4.1. Clinical Approach and Definition of MCI -- 4.2. Neuropathology of MCI and AD -- 4.3. Non-AD Neuropathologies -- 4.4. The Amyloid Hypothesis and Disease-Modifying Treatment -- 4.5. Summary -- 5. PRESYMPTOMATIC DETECTION OF MCI AND AD -- 5.1. Evidence for Presymptomatic Neuropathology in AD -- 5.2. Imaging Biomarkers.

5.3. Serum and CSF Biomarkers -- 5.4. Psychometric Assessments to Predict MCI or AD -- 5.5. Summary -- 6. OVERALL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- 6.1. The Argument for Presymptomatic Detection -- 6.2. Future Directions -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 SEMANTICALLY MEDIATED INTEGRATION OF COGNITION IN HOMO SAPIENS: EVOLUTION, GRAMMAR, UNCERTAINTY, AND COGNITIVE ACCURACY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BRAIN, BONDING, LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND EVOLUTION -- Bonding and the Limbic System -- Differentiation, Language, and Socialization -- Cultural Belief Systems -- Language, Semantics, grammar, and Cultural Variance -- Integration of Semantics and Grammar, Biases, and Cognition -- Evolution of Grammar -- Evolution of Subjective Cultural Classifications -- Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Grammar -- Evolution and Dominance Hierarchies -- Cultural Social Inheritance -- HUMAN BRAIN MODEL -- Frontal Lobe Integration: Executive Functioning and Working Memory -- Information Content and Information Processing -- Cognitive Processing -- HUMAN BRAIN AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT -- Cultural Inheritance -- Information and Process Bias -- Uncertainty and Deviation from the Mean -- Authoritarian Communication -- Event-level Accuracy -- Accurate Evaluations: Information and Processing -- Benefits of Critical Thinking to Cognitive Accuracy -- Cultural Belief System and Constraints on Accurate Thinking -- Reference Points for Cognitive Accuracy and Rational Bias -- Cognitive Awareness -- Correcting Irrational Biases -- Implications of Irrational Bias -- Reference Point Drift -- Irrationality of Self-Esteem versus Rational Acceptance of Human Imperfection -- DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND CONSIDERATIONS -- AUTHOR NOTES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 EXPLORING THE PAST AND IMPENDING FUTURE IN THE HERE AND NOW: MIND-WANDERING IN THE DEFAULT STATE -- ABSTRACT.

INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- OBTAINING MEASURES OF IMPENDING FUTURE AND PAST-ORIENTED MIND-WANDERING -- Participants -- Design and Stimulus Materials -- Procedure -- Results -- ASSESSING THE STABILITY OF PEOPLE'S IMPENDING FUTURE AND PAST-ORIENTED MIND-WANDERING -- Participants -- Design and Stimulus Materials -- Results -- PHASE 1: ESTABLISHING HIGH INCIDENCE MIND-WANDERING PERIODS -- Participants -- Procedure -- Training (Days 1-3) -- PHASE 2: THOUGHT-SAMPLING (DAY 4) -- Results -- PHASE 3: IDENTIFYING NEURAL CORRELATES OF PAST AND IMPENDING FUTURE MIND-WANDERING -- Procedure -- Functional MRI (Day 5) -- Image Analysis -- Results -- Neural Correlates of Mind-wandering -- Neural Correlates of Impending Future and Past-Oriented Mind-wandering -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 CONTROL OF CORTICAL SYNAPTIC RECEPTIVE FIELDS BY NEUROMODULATION AND PATTERNED SENSORY INPUT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CORTICAL RECEPTIVE FIELD ORGANIZATION -- CORTICAL RECEPTIVE FIELD PLASTICITY -- NEUROMODULATION AND RECEPTIVE FIELD PLASTICITY -- IMPLICATIONS OF CORTICAL PLASTICITY TO OVERALL BRAIN FUNCTION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 LINKS BETWEEN DOWN SYNDROME AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF AD IN DS PATIENTS -- CANDIDATE GENES ON CHROMOSOME 21 THAT LINK DS AND AD -- APP gene. -- DYRK1A gene, a potential linker between DS and AD. -- ABCG1, BACE2, and RUNX1 genes. -- CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 CHOLESTEROL, SECRETASE ACTIVITIES, AND Aβ PRODUCTION IN ALZHEIMER'S PATHOGENESIS -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SECRETASES AND PROCESSING PATHWAYS FOR APP -- III. CHOLESTEROL AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- 1. Cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the brain -- 2. Regulation of cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis.

3. Cholesterol in AD Pathogenesis -- 4. Cholesterol regulates secretase activities and Aβ production -- 5. Altered nuclear receptors and impaired cholesterol homeostasis in Alzheimer's brains -- 6. ApoE and Alzheimer's disease -- IV. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.

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