Neural Mechanisms of Addiction.

Front Cover -- Neural Mechanisms of Addiction -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction to the Neural Basis of Addiction -- Chapter 2: Animal Models of Addiction -- Introduction -- Volitional Control Over Drug Exposure -- Pavlovian Models of Rewarding and Aversive Drug Effects -- Models of Drug-Induced Interoceptive Effects and Affective States -- Consummatory and Quasiinstrumental Models of Drug Reinforcement -- Instrumental Models of Drug Reinforcement -- Models of Excessive Drug Intake -- Models of Compulsive and Habitual Drug Taking and Drug Seeking -- Models of Cue-Induced Drug Seeking -- Models of Cue-Induced Drug Relapse -- Models of Stress-Induced Drug Relapse -- Models of Drug-Primed Drug Relapse -- Models of Cocaine Seeking Following Abstinence -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Reward Circuitry in Drug Addiction -- Introduction -- Models of Addiction -- The Reward Circuitry -- Transcription Factors Involved in Addiction -- CREB -- SRF -- NF-κB -- MEF2 -- ΔFosB -- Additional Transcription Factors -- Epigenetic Mechanisms -- Posttranslational Histone Modifications -- DNA methylation -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Neural Circuit Plasticity in Addiction -- Introduction -- Ventral Tegmental Area -- Structure, Function, and Anatomical Connectivity -- Excitatory Plasticity -- Timeline of VTA Excitatory Plasticity -- Mechanisms Underlying VTA Excitatory Plasticity -- Inhibitory Plasticity -- Timeline of VTA Inhibitory Plasticity -- Mechanisms Underlying VTA Inhibitory Plasticity -- Nucleus Accumbens -- Structure, Function, and Anatomical Connectivity -- Time-Dependent Plasticity in the NAc: An Overview -- Acute Exposure and Withdrawal -- Repeated Exposure and Withdrawal -- Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity Associated With Relapse.

Afferent- and Cell-Specific Plasticity -- Presynaptic Plasticity -- NAc Shell -- NAc core -- Postsynaptic Plasticity -- Cortico-Accumbens Plasticity -- Allocortical-Accumbens Plasticity -- Relevance of Long- and Short-Term Accumbens Plasticity -- Cortico-Accumbens Plasticity -- Accumbens Microcircuit Plasticity -- Potential Targets for Opioid Dependence and Relapse -- Prefrontal Cortex -- Structure, Function, and Physiology -- Drug-Induced Adaptations in the mPFC -- Effects on Pyramidal Neuron Activity -- Excitatory and Inhibitory Plasticity -- Pathway-Specific Plasticity -- Alterations in Ionic Conductance in mPFC Neurons -- Short-Term Plasticity -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 5: Glutamatergic Neuroplasticity in Addiction -- Introduction -- Animal Models of Relapse -- The Neurocircuitry of Addiction -- Glutamatergic Alterations Induced by Chronic Drug Use -- GLT-1 -- Cocaine -- Nicotine -- Ethanol -- Heroin -- xCT -- Cocaine -- Nicotine -- Ethanol -- Heroin -- mGlu2/3 -- Cocaine -- Nicotine -- Ethanol -- Heroin -- mGlu5 -- Cocaine -- Nicotine -- Ethanol -- Heroin -- AMPA Receptor Subunit 1 and 2 (GluA1/2) -- Cocaine -- Nicotine -- Ethanol -- Heroin -- NMDA Receptors -- Cocaine -- Nicotine -- Ethanol -- Heroin -- Glutamatergic Pharmacotherapies for Relapse Prevention -- GLT and xCT Targets -- Ceftriaxone -- N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) -- Augmentin -- AMPAR and NMDAR Targets -- mGluR Targets -- Clinical Evidence of Glutamatergic Neuroplasticity in Addiction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Fos-Expressing Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Research -- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction -- Behavioral Models Used to Study Ensembles in Addiction Research -- Techniques Used to Study Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Research -- Striatal Neuronal Ensembles Mediate Learned Behaviors in Addiction Research Models.

Prefrontal Cortex Neuronal Ensembles Mediate Learned Behaviors in Addiction Research Models -- Amygdala Neuronal Ensembles Mediate Learned Behaviors in Addiction Research Models -- General Conclusions About Fos-Expressing Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Research -- Unique Gene Expression Alterations Within Fos-Expressing Neuronal Ensembles -- Unique Electrophysiological Alterations Within Fos-Expressing Neuronal Ensembles -- Unique Dendritic Spine Alterations on Fos-Expressing Neuronal Ensembles -- Fos-Expressing Neuronal Ensembles are Likely a Subset of All Neurons Activated During Behavior or Memory Recall -- Manipulating Fos-Expressing Neuronal Ensembles to Treat Human addiction? -- Conflict of Interest -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Interoceptive Stimulus Effects of Drugs of Abuse -- Body Perception and Emotional Processing -- Interoception, Drug Consumption, and the Insula -- Drug Craving as Interoception -- Operant Conditioning of Interoception -- Pavlovian Conditioning of Interoception -- Interactions of Interoception and Self-Administration -- Closing Reflections: Interoception and Intervention -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8: Maladaptive Memory Mechanisms in Addiction and Relapse -- Introduction -- Animal Models of Relapse -- Neuroanatomical Basis for Maladaptive Memory and Relapse -- Neuroanatomical Basis of Reinstatement -- Neuroanatomical Basis of Incubation of Craving -- Neuroanatomical Basis for Maladaptive Habit Memory in Addiction -- Neural Mechanisms Underlying Maladaptive Memory and Relapse -- Molecular Mechanisms of Drug-Associated Memory Formation and Maintenance -- Molecular Mechanisms of Incubation of Craving -- Neuronal Ensembles as an Emerging Model of Drug-Associated Memory Formation -- Emerging Strategies for Relapse Prevention -- Extinction as a Memory Process that Opposes Relapse.

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Extinction -- Bidirectional Targeting of Reconsolidation and Extinction -- Translational Approaches for Enhancing Extinction/Inhibiting Reconsolidation -- Brain Stimulation -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: Neural Morphology and Addiction -- Dendritic Spines -- Actin Cycling in Dendritic Spines -- Approaches to Analyze Cell Morphology -- Alcohol -- Psychostimulants -- Opioids -- Inhalants -- Limitations and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 10: Mechanisms Regulating Compulsive Drug Behaviors -- Introduction -- Impulsivity and Compulsivity -- Preclinical Compulsive Drug Models -- Escalation of Drug Intake as a Model of Compulsive Drug Taking -- Three-Criteria Addiction-like Behavior -- Compulsive Drug Seeking in the Face of Probabilistic Punishment -- Chronic Self-Administration and Incubated Drug Craving -- Theories of Compulsivity -- Opponent Process Theory -- Aberrant Habitual Learning Theory of Compulsive Drug Behavior -- Incentive Sensitization Theory of Drug Addiction -- Inhibitory Control -- Neural Circuitry -- Prefrontal Cortex -- Ventral and Dorsal Striatum -- Extended Amygdala -- Neurotransmission -- Dopamine -- Glutamate -- Serotonin -- Pro- and Antistress Neurotransmitter Systems -- Epigenetic Mechanisms of Compulsive-Related Behaviors -- Chromatin Dynamics Following Chronic Drug Exposure -- Histone Acetylation -- Histone Methylation -- DNA Methylation and Other Histone Modifications -- MicroRNAs -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Role of Stress-Associated Signaling in Addiction -- Introduction -- Stress and Addiction -- Stress and the Progression and Cycle of Drug Use in Addiction -- Addiction-Related Neurocircuitry -- Chapter Goals -- Overview of Stress Influence on Addiction -- Overview of the Stress Response -- Modes of Stress Regulation of Addiction.

Primary Stress Response Signaling and Circuitry -- Secondary Stress Circuitry -- Neuropeptide Mediators of Stress Responses -- Influence of Stress on Addiction Process -- Initiation/Predisposition -- Early Life -- Prenatal/Perinatal Stress -- Juvenile/Adolescent Stress -- Adulthood -- Acquisition -- Escalation -- Relapse -- Stress-Triggered Relapse -- Stress-Potentiated Relapse -- Withdrawal -- Summary of the Contribution of Stress to Cocaine Addiction -- Stress Signaling Mechanisms in Addiction -- Initiation/Predisposition -- Early Life -- Adulthood -- Acquisition -- Escalation -- Relapse -- Stress-Triggered Relapse -- The Extended Amygdala -- Central Amygdala -- Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis -- The Mesocorticolimbic System -- Ventral Tegmental Area -- Prefrontal Cortex -- Nucleus Accumbens -- NAc-core -- NAc-shell -- Stress-Potentiated Reinstatement -- Drug-Induced Adaptations in Stress-Signaling Mechanisms -- Escalating Use Patterns -- Withdrawal -- Heightened Stressor Reactivity -- Glucocorticoid Regulation -- Mechanistic Contrasts in Stress-Associated Signaling Between Drug Classes -- Consideration of Sex Differences in Stress-Associated Signaling in Addiction -- Treatment Implications -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 12: Negative Reinforcement Mechanisms in Addiction -- Psychopathological Framework -- Stages of the Addiction Cycle -- From Positive to Negative Reinforcement -- Neurobiological Mechanisms of Negative Reinforcement -- Within-System Neuroadaptations -- Between-System Neuroadaptations -- Individual Differences -- Negative Emotional States and the Extended Amygdala -- Pain and the Opioid Spinomesothalamocortical System -- Implications for Personalized Medicine -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Circadian Rhythms and Addiction -- Introduction -- The Circadian Timing System.

Hierarchical Organization of the Circadian System.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.