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Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextSeries: Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy SeriesPublisher: Cambridge : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2015Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (547 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781782423980
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric VehiclesDDC classification:
  • 629.2293
LOC classification:
  • TK2896
Online resources:
Contents:
Front Cover -- Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy -- Part One: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Introduction to hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and off-road electric vehicles -- 1.1 . Electric mobility: mobility of the future -- 1.1.1 . The importance of electric mobility to overcome future challenges -- 1.1.2 . Existing technological fundamentals and potential development paths -- 1.2 . Overview of different electric propulsion systems -- 1.2.1 . Parallel hybrid or power-split hybrid -- 1.2.2 . Plug-in hybrid vehicle -- 1.2.3 . Range extended electric vehicle -- 1.2.4 . Battery electric vehicle -- 1.2.5 . Fuel cell vehicle -- 1.3 . Advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles -- 1.4 . Applications in the field of electric road and off-road vehicles -- 1.5 . Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Carbon dioxide and consumption reduction through electric vehicles -- 2.1 . Introduction -- 2.1.1 . Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions of transport in Europe -- 2.1.2 . Electric drivetrain concepts and their technical characteristics -- 2.1.3 . Methodology of vehicle comparisons -- 2.2 . Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions of vehicle production -- 2.3 . Energy consumption of electric vehicles -- 2.4 . Life-cycle energy consumption and CO 2 emissions compared -- 2.5 . Potential interactions of electric vehicles with power generation: a case study from Germany -- 2.5.1 . Case study Germany: additional electricity demand and impacts on the power plant structure -- 2.5.2 . Impact of electric mobility on the operation of the power plant structure -- 2.6 . Outlook -- References -- Chapter 3: The market for battery electric vehicles -- 3.1 . Introduction -- 3.1.1 . The early years of electric vehicles.
3.1.2 . The nirvana of electric vehicles -- 3.1.3 . The "comeback of the electric vehicle"? -- 3.2 . Current market situation -- 3.3 . Market forces and barriers -- 3.3.1 . Climate change -- 3.3.2 . Energy resources-peak oil -- 3.3.3 . Urbanization -- 3.3.4 . Range of models supply -- 3.3.5 . Economic and practical barriers: customer requirements -- 3.3.6 . Infrastructure and standards -- 3.4 . Market potentials -- 3.4.1 . Political targets pave the way -- 3.4.2 . Future market segments -- 3.5 . Economic impacts -- 3.5.1 . Chances and risks for the automotive industry -- 3.5.2 . Influences on the job structure -- 3.5.3 . Country specifics and competitive positions -- References -- Chapter 4: Battery parameters for hybrid electric vehicles -- 4.1 . Introduction -- 4.2 . Battery parameters for HEV applications -- 4.3 . Overview of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors for use in HEVs -- 4.4 . Limits to and potential future developments of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors -- 4.5 . On road transportation in the future -- References -- Part Two: Types of battery for electric vehicles -- Chapter 5: Lead-acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles -- 5.1 . Introduction -- 5.2 . Technical description of the LAB -- 5.2.1 . Fundamental principles -- 5.2.2 . Design -- 5.2.3 . Electrical performance -- 5.2.3.1 . Capacity, power, and efficiency -- 5.2.3.2 . Self-discharge -- 5.2.3.3 . Durability -- Plate thickness -- Depth of discharge and dynamic charge acceptance -- Temperature -- 5.3 . Environmental and safety aspects of LABs -- 5.3.1 . Lead -- 5.3.2 . Sulfuric acid -- 5.3.3 . Production process -- 5.3.4 . Use -- 5.3.5 . Disposal/recycling -- 5.4 . Different types of automotive LABs -- 5.4.1 . SLI, enhanced flooded battery, and AGM -- 5.4.2 . LABs with added carbon -- 5.4.2.1 . Carbon mixed homogeneously with the NAM.
5.4.2.2 . Carbon on the grid side of the active mass (in place of the lead alloy) -- 5.4.2.3 . Carbon on the outside of the active mass (adjacent to the electrolyte) -- 5.5 . Advantages and disadvantages of LABs in HEV applications: general -- 5.5.1. Micro-HEVs (14 V systems) -- 5.5.2 . Mild-HEVs and 48 V systems -- 5.5.3 . EV applications -- 5.6 . Potential future developments in LABs and HEVs -- 5.6.1 . The addition of carbon -- 5.6.2 . Bipolar batteries -- 5.6.3 . Grid design -- 5.6.4 . Batteries for downsize and for boost -- 5.7 . Market forecast -- 5.8 . Sources of further information -- References -- Chapter 6: Nickel-metal hydride and nickel-zinc batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles -- 6.1 . Introduction -- 6.2 . Technical description of NiMH and NiZn batteries -- 6.2.1 . Cell/electrode chemical reactions -- 6.2.2 . The MH electrode -- 6.2.3 . The zinc electrode -- 6.2.4 . The nickel hydroxide electrode -- 6.2.5 . Electrolyte -- 6.2.5.1 . NiMH specific -- 6.2.5.2 . NiZn specific -- 6.2.6 . Separator -- 6.2.6.1 . NiMH specific -- 6.2.6.2 . NiZn specific -- 6.3 . Electrical performance, lifetime, and cost of NiMH and NiZn batteries -- 6.3.1 . General characteristics -- 6.3.2 . Rate capability -- 6.3.3 . Cycle life -- 6.3.3.1 . NiMH specific -- 6.3.3.2 . NiZn specific -- 6.3.4 . Charge retention/shelf life -- 6.3.4.1 . NiMH specific -- 6.3.4.2 . NiZn specific -- 6.3.5 . Cost -- 6.4 . Advantages and disadvantages of NiMH and NiZn batteries in HEVs and battery electric vehicles -- 6.5 . Design issues of NiMH and NiZn batteries in HEVs and battery electric vehicles -- 6.5.1 . Cell construction types -- 6.5.2 . Cylindrical versus prismatic configuration -- 6.5.3 . Metal versus plastic cell cases -- 6.5.4 . Cell, module, and pack design -- 6.5.4.1 . NiMH specific.
6.6 . Most suitable applications of NiMH and NiZn batteries -- 6.7 . Environmental and safety issues with NiMH and NiZn batteries -- 6.8 . Potential future developments in NiMH and NiZn batteries for HEVs and battery electric vehicles -- 6.9 . Market forces and future trends -- References -- Chapter 7: Post-lithium-ion battery chemistries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles -- 7.1 . The dawn of batteries succeeding lithium-ion -- 7.1.1 . Requirements for electric propulsion -- 7.1.2 . Shortcomings for advanced 5-V lithium-ion materials -- 7.1.2.1 . Positive electrode (cathode) -- 5-V cathode materials -- Two-electron cathode materials -- Mixed cathode materials -- 7.1.2.2 . Negative electrode (anode) -- 7.1.3 . State-of-the-art vehicles -- 7.1.4 . Future visions beyond lithium-ion -- 7.2 . Lithium-sulfur battery -- 7.2.1 . Lithium polysulfide battery -- 7.2.1.1 . Cell chemistry -- 7.2.1.2 . Sulfur cathodes -- 7.2.1.3 . Anodes -- 7.2.1.4 . Current collectors -- 7.2.1.5 . Electrolytes -- 7.2.1.6 . Membrane separators -- 7.2.1.7 . Experimental cell data -- 7.2.2 . Lithium-organosulfur battery -- 7.3 . Lithium-air battery -- 7.3.1 . Dry and nonaqueous lithium-air systems -- 7.3.2 . Aqueous lithium-air systems -- 7.3.3 . Water-stable lithium anodes -- 7.3.4 . Lithium-water battery -- 7.3.5 . Advanced electrodes -- 7.3.5.1 . Dendrite growth (anode) -- 7.3.5.2 . Oxygen reduction catalysts (cathode) -- 7.4 . All-solid-state batteries -- 7.4.1 . Advantages of solid electrolytes for vehicles -- 7.4.2 . Solid polymer electrolytes -- 7.4.3 . Inorganic solid electrolytes -- 7.4.3.1 . Garnets -- 7.4.3.2 . Glassy nitrides -- 7.4.3.3 . Sulfidic glasses -- 7.4.3.4 . Super ionic conductors -- 7.5 . Conversion reaction materials -- 7.6 . Sodium-ion and sodium-air batteries -- 7.6.1 . Sodium-ion systems.
7.6.1.1 . Negative electrode materials (anode) -- 7.6.1.2 . Positive electrode materials (cathode) -- 7.6.2 . Sodium-oxygen batteries -- 7.7 . Multivalent metals: magnesium battery -- 7.7.1 . Cell chemistry -- 7.7.2 . Electrolyte -- 7.7.3 . Electrodes -- 7.8 . Halide batteries -- 7.8.1 . Fluoride battery -- 7.8.2 . Chloride battery -- 7.9 . Ferrite battery -- 7.10 . Redox-flow batteries -- 7.11 . Proton battery -- References -- Appendix: abbreviations and symbols -- Chapter 8: Lithium-ion batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles -- 8.1 . Introduction and requirements for hybrid electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, and electric vehicle L ... -- 8.1.1 . Performance, lifetime, and cost requirements -- 8.2 . Cell designs -- 8.2.1 . Overview of cell chemistries -- 8.2.1.1 . Cathode chemistries for HEV, PHEV, and EV batteries -- 8.2.1.2 . Anode chemistries for HEV, PHEV, and EV batteries -- 8.3 . Battery pack design -- 8.4 . Environmental aspects -- 8.4.1 . Environmental service life aspects -- 8.4.2 . Disposal and recycling -- 8.5 . Safety requirements -- 8.6 . Future developments in cell chemistries -- 8.6.1 . Cathode material trends -- 8.6.2 . Anode material trends -- 8.7 . Future developments in Li-ion battery packs -- 8.8 . Market forces and future trends -- 8.9 . Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: High-performance electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles -- 9.1 . Introduction -- 9.2 . Cathode -- 9.2.1 . Layered LiMO 2 (M = Ni, Co, and Mn) -- 9.2.2 . Core-shell and concentration gradient Li[ Ni x Co y Mn z ] O 2 -- 9.2.3 . Olivine type LiFePO 4 compound -- 9.2.4 . High-voltage class olivine-type compounds ( LiMnPO 4) -- 9.2.5 . Core-shell structured olivine compounds -- 9.3 . Anode (high-performance anode materials for lithium-Ion automotive batteries).
9.3.1 . Carbonaceous anode materials.
Summary: Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles provides an in-depth look into the research being conducted on the development of more efficient batteries capable of long distance travel. The text contains an introductory section on the market for battery and hybrid electric vehicles, then thoroughly presents the latest on lithium-ion battery technology. Readers will find sections on battery pack design and management, a discussion of the infrastructure required for the creation of a battery powered transport network, and coverage of the issues involved with end-of-life management for these types of batteries. Provides an in-depth look into new research on the development of more efficient, long distance travel batteries Contains an introductory section on the market for battery and hybrid electric vehicles Discusses battery pack design and management and the issues involved with end-of-life management for these types of batteries.
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Front Cover -- Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy -- Part One: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Introduction to hybrid electric vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and off-road electric vehicles -- 1.1 . Electric mobility: mobility of the future -- 1.1.1 . The importance of electric mobility to overcome future challenges -- 1.1.2 . Existing technological fundamentals and potential development paths -- 1.2 . Overview of different electric propulsion systems -- 1.2.1 . Parallel hybrid or power-split hybrid -- 1.2.2 . Plug-in hybrid vehicle -- 1.2.3 . Range extended electric vehicle -- 1.2.4 . Battery electric vehicle -- 1.2.5 . Fuel cell vehicle -- 1.3 . Advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles -- 1.4 . Applications in the field of electric road and off-road vehicles -- 1.5 . Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Carbon dioxide and consumption reduction through electric vehicles -- 2.1 . Introduction -- 2.1.1 . Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions of transport in Europe -- 2.1.2 . Electric drivetrain concepts and their technical characteristics -- 2.1.3 . Methodology of vehicle comparisons -- 2.2 . Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions of vehicle production -- 2.3 . Energy consumption of electric vehicles -- 2.4 . Life-cycle energy consumption and CO 2 emissions compared -- 2.5 . Potential interactions of electric vehicles with power generation: a case study from Germany -- 2.5.1 . Case study Germany: additional electricity demand and impacts on the power plant structure -- 2.5.2 . Impact of electric mobility on the operation of the power plant structure -- 2.6 . Outlook -- References -- Chapter 3: The market for battery electric vehicles -- 3.1 . Introduction -- 3.1.1 . The early years of electric vehicles.

3.1.2 . The nirvana of electric vehicles -- 3.1.3 . The "comeback of the electric vehicle"? -- 3.2 . Current market situation -- 3.3 . Market forces and barriers -- 3.3.1 . Climate change -- 3.3.2 . Energy resources-peak oil -- 3.3.3 . Urbanization -- 3.3.4 . Range of models supply -- 3.3.5 . Economic and practical barriers: customer requirements -- 3.3.6 . Infrastructure and standards -- 3.4 . Market potentials -- 3.4.1 . Political targets pave the way -- 3.4.2 . Future market segments -- 3.5 . Economic impacts -- 3.5.1 . Chances and risks for the automotive industry -- 3.5.2 . Influences on the job structure -- 3.5.3 . Country specifics and competitive positions -- References -- Chapter 4: Battery parameters for hybrid electric vehicles -- 4.1 . Introduction -- 4.2 . Battery parameters for HEV applications -- 4.3 . Overview of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors for use in HEVs -- 4.4 . Limits to and potential future developments of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors -- 4.5 . On road transportation in the future -- References -- Part Two: Types of battery for electric vehicles -- Chapter 5: Lead-acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles -- 5.1 . Introduction -- 5.2 . Technical description of the LAB -- 5.2.1 . Fundamental principles -- 5.2.2 . Design -- 5.2.3 . Electrical performance -- 5.2.3.1 . Capacity, power, and efficiency -- 5.2.3.2 . Self-discharge -- 5.2.3.3 . Durability -- Plate thickness -- Depth of discharge and dynamic charge acceptance -- Temperature -- 5.3 . Environmental and safety aspects of LABs -- 5.3.1 . Lead -- 5.3.2 . Sulfuric acid -- 5.3.3 . Production process -- 5.3.4 . Use -- 5.3.5 . Disposal/recycling -- 5.4 . Different types of automotive LABs -- 5.4.1 . SLI, enhanced flooded battery, and AGM -- 5.4.2 . LABs with added carbon -- 5.4.2.1 . Carbon mixed homogeneously with the NAM.

5.4.2.2 . Carbon on the grid side of the active mass (in place of the lead alloy) -- 5.4.2.3 . Carbon on the outside of the active mass (adjacent to the electrolyte) -- 5.5 . Advantages and disadvantages of LABs in HEV applications: general -- 5.5.1. Micro-HEVs (14 V systems) -- 5.5.2 . Mild-HEVs and 48 V systems -- 5.5.3 . EV applications -- 5.6 . Potential future developments in LABs and HEVs -- 5.6.1 . The addition of carbon -- 5.6.2 . Bipolar batteries -- 5.6.3 . Grid design -- 5.6.4 . Batteries for downsize and for boost -- 5.7 . Market forecast -- 5.8 . Sources of further information -- References -- Chapter 6: Nickel-metal hydride and nickel-zinc batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles -- 6.1 . Introduction -- 6.2 . Technical description of NiMH and NiZn batteries -- 6.2.1 . Cell/electrode chemical reactions -- 6.2.2 . The MH electrode -- 6.2.3 . The zinc electrode -- 6.2.4 . The nickel hydroxide electrode -- 6.2.5 . Electrolyte -- 6.2.5.1 . NiMH specific -- 6.2.5.2 . NiZn specific -- 6.2.6 . Separator -- 6.2.6.1 . NiMH specific -- 6.2.6.2 . NiZn specific -- 6.3 . Electrical performance, lifetime, and cost of NiMH and NiZn batteries -- 6.3.1 . General characteristics -- 6.3.2 . Rate capability -- 6.3.3 . Cycle life -- 6.3.3.1 . NiMH specific -- 6.3.3.2 . NiZn specific -- 6.3.4 . Charge retention/shelf life -- 6.3.4.1 . NiMH specific -- 6.3.4.2 . NiZn specific -- 6.3.5 . Cost -- 6.4 . Advantages and disadvantages of NiMH and NiZn batteries in HEVs and battery electric vehicles -- 6.5 . Design issues of NiMH and NiZn batteries in HEVs and battery electric vehicles -- 6.5.1 . Cell construction types -- 6.5.2 . Cylindrical versus prismatic configuration -- 6.5.3 . Metal versus plastic cell cases -- 6.5.4 . Cell, module, and pack design -- 6.5.4.1 . NiMH specific.

6.6 . Most suitable applications of NiMH and NiZn batteries -- 6.7 . Environmental and safety issues with NiMH and NiZn batteries -- 6.8 . Potential future developments in NiMH and NiZn batteries for HEVs and battery electric vehicles -- 6.9 . Market forces and future trends -- References -- Chapter 7: Post-lithium-ion battery chemistries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles -- 7.1 . The dawn of batteries succeeding lithium-ion -- 7.1.1 . Requirements for electric propulsion -- 7.1.2 . Shortcomings for advanced 5-V lithium-ion materials -- 7.1.2.1 . Positive electrode (cathode) -- 5-V cathode materials -- Two-electron cathode materials -- Mixed cathode materials -- 7.1.2.2 . Negative electrode (anode) -- 7.1.3 . State-of-the-art vehicles -- 7.1.4 . Future visions beyond lithium-ion -- 7.2 . Lithium-sulfur battery -- 7.2.1 . Lithium polysulfide battery -- 7.2.1.1 . Cell chemistry -- 7.2.1.2 . Sulfur cathodes -- 7.2.1.3 . Anodes -- 7.2.1.4 . Current collectors -- 7.2.1.5 . Electrolytes -- 7.2.1.6 . Membrane separators -- 7.2.1.7 . Experimental cell data -- 7.2.2 . Lithium-organosulfur battery -- 7.3 . Lithium-air battery -- 7.3.1 . Dry and nonaqueous lithium-air systems -- 7.3.2 . Aqueous lithium-air systems -- 7.3.3 . Water-stable lithium anodes -- 7.3.4 . Lithium-water battery -- 7.3.5 . Advanced electrodes -- 7.3.5.1 . Dendrite growth (anode) -- 7.3.5.2 . Oxygen reduction catalysts (cathode) -- 7.4 . All-solid-state batteries -- 7.4.1 . Advantages of solid electrolytes for vehicles -- 7.4.2 . Solid polymer electrolytes -- 7.4.3 . Inorganic solid electrolytes -- 7.4.3.1 . Garnets -- 7.4.3.2 . Glassy nitrides -- 7.4.3.3 . Sulfidic glasses -- 7.4.3.4 . Super ionic conductors -- 7.5 . Conversion reaction materials -- 7.6 . Sodium-ion and sodium-air batteries -- 7.6.1 . Sodium-ion systems.

7.6.1.1 . Negative electrode materials (anode) -- 7.6.1.2 . Positive electrode materials (cathode) -- 7.6.2 . Sodium-oxygen batteries -- 7.7 . Multivalent metals: magnesium battery -- 7.7.1 . Cell chemistry -- 7.7.2 . Electrolyte -- 7.7.3 . Electrodes -- 7.8 . Halide batteries -- 7.8.1 . Fluoride battery -- 7.8.2 . Chloride battery -- 7.9 . Ferrite battery -- 7.10 . Redox-flow batteries -- 7.11 . Proton battery -- References -- Appendix: abbreviations and symbols -- Chapter 8: Lithium-ion batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles -- 8.1 . Introduction and requirements for hybrid electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, and electric vehicle L ... -- 8.1.1 . Performance, lifetime, and cost requirements -- 8.2 . Cell designs -- 8.2.1 . Overview of cell chemistries -- 8.2.1.1 . Cathode chemistries for HEV, PHEV, and EV batteries -- 8.2.1.2 . Anode chemistries for HEV, PHEV, and EV batteries -- 8.3 . Battery pack design -- 8.4 . Environmental aspects -- 8.4.1 . Environmental service life aspects -- 8.4.2 . Disposal and recycling -- 8.5 . Safety requirements -- 8.6 . Future developments in cell chemistries -- 8.6.1 . Cathode material trends -- 8.6.2 . Anode material trends -- 8.7 . Future developments in Li-ion battery packs -- 8.8 . Market forces and future trends -- 8.9 . Summary -- References -- Chapter 9: High-performance electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles -- 9.1 . Introduction -- 9.2 . Cathode -- 9.2.1 . Layered LiMO 2 (M = Ni, Co, and Mn) -- 9.2.2 . Core-shell and concentration gradient Li[ Ni x Co y Mn z ] O 2 -- 9.2.3 . Olivine type LiFePO 4 compound -- 9.2.4 . High-voltage class olivine-type compounds ( LiMnPO 4) -- 9.2.5 . Core-shell structured olivine compounds -- 9.3 . Anode (high-performance anode materials for lithium-Ion automotive batteries).

9.3.1 . Carbonaceous anode materials.

Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles provides an in-depth look into the research being conducted on the development of more efficient batteries capable of long distance travel. The text contains an introductory section on the market for battery and hybrid electric vehicles, then thoroughly presents the latest on lithium-ion battery technology. Readers will find sections on battery pack design and management, a discussion of the infrastructure required for the creation of a battery powered transport network, and coverage of the issues involved with end-of-life management for these types of batteries. Provides an in-depth look into new research on the development of more efficient, long distance travel batteries Contains an introductory section on the market for battery and hybrid electric vehicles Discusses battery pack design and management and the issues involved with end-of-life management for these types of batteries.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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