Microvascular Disease in Diabetes.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword to: Microvascular Disease in Diabetes -- Editor Biography -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2 Pathophysiology -- Introduction -- Anatomo-Physiology of Microvessels -- Regulation of Microvascular Tone -- Endothelial-Dependent Vasodilation -- Endothelial-Independent Vasodilation -- Nerve Axon Reflex (NARV) -- Myogenic Response -- Functional Hyperemia -- Venoarteriolar Response (VAR) -- Structural Changes in the Microcirculation -- Functional Changes in the Microcirculation -- Endothelial Dysfunction -- VSMC Dysfunction -- NARV Impairment -- Defective Myogenic Response -- Reduced Functional Hyperemia -- Endothelial Dysfunction -- Role of the Immune System and Leukostasis -- Role of Hyperglycemia -- AGEs -- Polyol Pathway -- Oxidative Stress -- PKC -- Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β -- Hexosamine Pathway -- PARP -- ET-1 -- Vasoconstrictor Prostanoid Synthesis -- Role of Insulin Resistance -- Role of Inflammation -- References -- Chapter 3 Genetics of Diabetic Microvascular Disease -- Introduction -- Genetics of DKD -- Heritability of DKD -- Candidate Genes for DKD -- Linkage Studies for DKD -- Genome-Wide Association Studies on DKD -- Sequencing Efforts for DKD -- Genetics of Diabetic Retinopathy -- Heritability of Diabetic Retinopathy -- Candidate Genes for Diabetic Retinopathy -- Linkage Studies for Diabetic Retinopathy -- GWAS on Diabetic Retinopathy -- Sequencing Efforts for Diabetic Retinopathy -- Genetics of Diabetic Neuropathy -- Heritability of Diabetic Neuropathy -- Candidate Genes for Diabetic Neuropathy -- GWASs on Diabetic Neuropathy -- Future Directions -- Larger Studies Are Needed -- How to Define the Phenotype? -- Variability in the Phenotypic Definitions -- Criteria for Controls.

Do Genetics of Microvascular Complications in T1D and T2D Differ? -- Low-Frequency and Rare Variants May Affect Diabetic Complications -- Sequencing of Rare and Low-Frequency Variants -- Linkage Analysis with GWAS Data -- Genetics May Reveal Biology and Infer Causality -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4 Epigenetics of Diabetic Microvascular Disease -- Diabetic Complications Include Microvascular and Macrovascular Injury -- The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study in Type 1 Diabetic Patients, and the UKPDS Study in Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Support the Existence of the Hyperglycemic Memory Phenome -- DCCT/EDIC Study -- The UKPDS Study -- Models of Hyperglycemic Memory -- Animal Models -- Cell Culture Models -- The "Epigenetic Code" -- DNA Methylation -- Histone Methylation in Models of Hyperglycemic Variability -- Epigenetic Changes in Microvascular Models of Glycemic Memory -- miRNAs Contribute to the Control of Glucose Homeostasis and Are Dysregulated in Diabetes -- Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 5 Diabetic Retinopathy - Clinical -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Screening -- Risk Factors -- Clinical Patterns -- Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) -- Clinical Findings -- Diagnostic Tools -- Treatment Strategies -- Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) -- Clinical Findings -- Diagnostic Tools -- Treatment Strategies -- Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) -- Classification -- Clinical Findings -- Diagnostic Tools -- Treatment Strategies -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Diabetic Retinopathy - Research -- Retina and Induction of Hyperglycemia -- Hyperglycemia and Retinal Microvasculature -- Hyperglycemia and Reactive Gliosis -- Hyperglycemia and Neurodegeneration -- Hyperglycemia and Inflammation -- References.

Chapter 7 Diabetic Nephropathy - Clinical -- Epidemiology -- Natural History -- Stages of DN -- Morphologic Changes -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical Course -- Treatment -- Primary Prevention -- Secondary Prevention -- Tertiary Prevention -- Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 8 Diabetic Nephropathy - Research -- Essential Hypertension and DN -- Role of Genetics in the Pathogenesis of DN -- Polyol Pathway and Non-Enzymatic Glycation -- Environment -- Perspectives -- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) and DN -- B7-1 and DN -- Animal Models -- DN in Induced Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) -- DN in Spontaneous Model of T1DM -- Ins2Akita Mice -- Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice -- OVE26 Friend leukemia virus B (FVB) Mice -- DN in Spontaneous Models of T2DM -- db/db Mice -- References -- Chapter 9 Diabetic Neuropathy - Clinical -- Introduction -- Classification of Diabetic Neuropathies -- Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy (DSPN) -- Diagnosis -- Management -- Small Fiber Neuropathy -- Diagnosis -- Management -- Autonomic Neuropathy -- Diagnosis -- Management -- Treatment-Induced Neuropathy of Diabetes (TIND) -- Diagnosis -- Management -- Diabetic Radiculoplexopathy -- Diagnosis -- Management -- Mononeuropathies -- Diagnosis -- Management -- Cranial Neuropathies -- Diagnosis -- Management -- Screening for Neuropathy -- Summary of Management of Diabetic Neuropathy -- References -- Chapter 10 Diabetic Neuropathy - Research -- Basic and Translational Research in Diabetic Neuropathy -- Animal Models of Diabetic Neuropathy -- Basic Pathophysiology of Diabetic Neuropathy -- Changes in Redox Potential -- Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Neuropathy -- Protein Kinase C (PKC) and Neuropathy -- Advanced Glycation End Products -- Modifying Molecular Chaperones -- Inflammation and Neuropathy -- TGF-β and Neuropathy.

Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs) and Oxidative Injury -- Growth Factors and Diabetes -- Clinical Research in Diabetic Neuropathy -- Treatment of Hypertension -- Improved Glycemic Control -- Diet and Lifestyle Interventions -- Alpha-Lipoic Acid -- Benfotiamine and Neuropathy -- Treatment of Neuropathic Pain -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11 Diabetic Foot - Clinical -- Introduction and Size of the Problem -- Pathogenesis of Diabetic Foot Complications -- Neuropathy -- Peripheral Vascular Disease -- Other Risk Factors -- Prevention -- Treatment -- Treatment of Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Offloading -- Treatment of PAD: Revascularization -- Diabetic Foot Infections (DFIs) -- Introduction -- Diagnosis -- Treatment -- Wound Healing -- Debridement -- Dressings -- Topical Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) -- Other Topical Treatments -- References -- Chapter 12 Diabetic Foot - Research -- Introduction -- Anatomy of the Skin and Microcirculation -- Structural Changes in the Microcirculation -- Functional Changes in the Microcirculation -- Functional Changes in the Diabetic Foot -- Vasodilation -- Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation -- Endothelium-Independent Vasodilation -- Nerve Axon Reflex -- Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction -- Endothelial Dysfunction and Hyperglycemia -- Endothelial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance -- Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation -- Pathophysiology of Diabetic Wound Healing -- Hyperglycemia -- Chronic Inflammation -- Impaired Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis -- Hypoxia -- Impaired Neuropeptide Signaling -- Adjunctive Treatment Options -- Bioengineered Skin Substitutes -- Growth Factors -- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy -- Negative Pressure Wound Therapy -- Electrical Stimulation and Shockwave Therapy -- Future Therapeutic Perspectives -- Gene Therapies -- Stem Cell Therapies.

Norleu3-Angiotensin-(1-7) -- Neuropeptides -- Cytokine Inhibition -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Diabetes - Clinical and Research -- Introduction -- Clinical Classification and Mechanisms of CMD -- CMD in Diabetic Patients -- Clinical Assessment of CMD -- Non-Invasive Imaging Technique for the Assessment of CMD -- Transthoracic Doppler Evaluation -- Contrast Echocardiography -- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Imaging -- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) -- Invasive Techniques for the Evaluation of CBF -- Indicator Dilution-Based Methods -- Thermodilution -- Gas Wash Out Method -- Intracoronary Doppler Flow Wire -- Treatment for CMD -- The Effects of Glucose-Lowering Drugs on CMD -- Future Perspectives for the Treatment of CMD in Diabetes -- References -- Chapter 14 Cerebral Microvascular Disease in Diabetes - Clinical and Research -- Introduction -- Postmortem Studies of the Brain in Diabetes -- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease on MRI -- MRI-Measured Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Type 1 Diabetic Patients -- White Matter Hyperintensities -- Cerebral Microbleeds -- Summary -- Type 2 Diabetes and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease -- Lacunar Infarcts -- White Matter Hyperintensities -- Cerebral Microbleeds -- Synthesis -- Clinical Impact of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Diabetes -- Cognitive Functioning -- Stroke -- Dementia -- The Influence of Microvascular Disease on the Structure and Functioning of the Diabetic Brain -- Type 1 Diabetes -- Type 2 Diabetes -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Index -- EULA.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.