New Insights in the History of Interpreting.

Intro -- New Insights in the History of Interpreting -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- References -- Chapter 1. Defining Sillan interpreters in first-millennium East Asian exchanges -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical background of the three kingdoms on the Korean peninsula -- 3. Data source: Monk Ennin's travelogue -- 4. Sillan interpreters in Ennin's diary -- 5. Tasks of Sillan interpreters -- 6. Sillan interpreters as trade brokers -- 7. Discussion and implications -- 7.1 What is in the title of "Sillan interpreters"? -- 7.2 The misleading title of "Sillan interpreters" -- 8. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2. Interpreting practices in the Age of Discovery: The early stages of the Spanish empire in the Americas -- 1. Previous research, sources and theoretical framework -- 2. Traditional interpreting practices during the first voyages of discovery -- 3. New communication strategies in the early colonial administration: Steps towards stable institutional interpreting practices -- 3.1 Appointment of staff interpreters in colonial Audiencias -- 3.2 Interpreters of ecclesiastical courts in sixteenth-century colonial New Spain -- 4. Concluding remarks: Interpreters as critical links -- References -- Primary sources -- Secondary sources -- Chapter 3. Interpreting for the Inquisition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Spheres of the Inquisition's activities in which interpreting was required -- 2.1 Jews -- 2.2 Moriscos -- 2.3 Speakers of other languages in the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily -- 2.4 Indigenous populations -- 2.5 African slaves -- 2.6 Protestants -- 3. Common situations in which interpreters intervened -- 3.1 District visits -- 3.2 Ship visits -- 3.3 Spontaneous conversions -- 3.4 Trials -- 4. Status, requisites, categories and appointment of interpreters.

4.1 Status and requisites -- 4.2 Categories and appointment -- 5. Provisional conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4. Nagasaki Tsūji in historical novels by Yoshimura Akira: An alternative way of studying the history of interpreters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Brief history of tsūji -- 2.1 Tsūji in early days -- 2.2 Nagasaki Tsūji as official interpreters -- 3. Historical study of tsūji -- 3.1 Recent studies -- 3.2 Findings about Nagasaki Tsūji -- 3.3 Historical novels -- 4. Novelist Yoshimura's interest in Oranda Tsūji -- 4.1 Fuyu no taka [Hawks in winter] -- 4.2 Von Siebold no musume [The daughter of Von Siebold] -- 4.3 Umi no sairei [Festival of the sea] -- 4.4 Kurofune [The black ships] -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5. The U.S. Department of State's Corps of Student Interpreters: A precursor to the diplomatic interpreting of today? -- 1. Primary source materials -- 2. The need for language-proficient personnel -- 3. Precursors and models -- 4. Program establishment -- 5. Program implementation -- 6. Challenges with recruitment -- 7. Criteria for selection -- 8. Career progression and status -- 9. Impressions of student-interpreters -- 10. Program dissolution -- 11. Mixed success -- 12. Evolution of the Translation Bureau in Washington -- 13. Legacy - Preparing interpreters to become diplomats -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Chapter 6. At the dawn of simultaneous interpreting in the USSR: Filling some gaps in history -- 1. In lieu of introduction -- 2. Language practices and language problems of early 20th-century international conferences -- 3. Doctor V.Z. Epshtein, inventor of "an apparatus for translation from all languages" in the USSR -- 4. Simultaneous interpreting at the 6th Comintern Congress, 1928 -- 5. First conference interpreters in the USSR -- 6. Interpreter training and working conditions -- 7. Conclusion.

Primary sources -- References -- Chapter 7. The use of photographs as historical sources, a case study: Early simultaneous interpreting at the United Nations -- 1. Theoretical and methodological approach -- 2. Simultaneous interpreting at the United Nations: The context -- 3. Looking past the photographs -- 3.1 The simultaneous revolution: Equipment -- 3.2 The simultaneous revolution: Grey cells at work in fish tanks -- 3.3 The consequences of the simultaneous revolution for other language services: The magnetic polari -- 4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Unpublished sources -- Published sources -- Chapter 8. "Crime" of interpreting: Taiwanese interpreters as war criminals of World War II -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Taiwanese interpreters as war criminals -- 2.1 Overview of Taiwanese wartime interpreters and war crimes trials -- 2.2 Training and activities of interpreters -- 2.3 Returning colonial powers and war crimes trials -- 2.4 Special "connection" with local Chinese -- 2.5 Ad hoc interpreters -- 2.6 "Chinese" proficiency -- 2.7 Taiwanese interpreters and Chinese POWs -- 2.8 Sequence of events: ad hoc interpreters and war crimes -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Primary sources -- Secondary sources -- Chapter 9. Guilt, survival, opportunities and stigma: Japanese interpreters in the post-war occupation period (1945-1952) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Interpreters and war crimes trials -- 2.1 Interpreting the trial proceedings -- 2.2 Interpreters as war criminals -- 2.3 Interpreters as witnesses -- 3. Interpreters serving foreign military occupiers -- 3.1 Recruitment and training -- 3.2 Japanese women and interpreting -- 3.3 Censoring Japanese -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Fate of wartime interpreters -- 4.2 Motivations for serving the occupier -- 4.3 Personal dilemmas and social stigma -- 5. Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 10. Risk analysis as a heuristic tool in the historiography of interpreters: For an understanding of worst practices -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The importance of speaking, as opposed to writing -- 3. Best and worst practices in an Afghanistan encounter -- 4. Presence as proximate alternative action -- 5. Best practices for US counterinsurgency? -- 6. Proximate action and where history lies -- 7. Postscript: So why a history of interpreters? -- References -- Appendix -- Name index -- Subject index.

Targeted at practitioners, scholars, and students of interpreting, translation, and history, the new insights presented in the ten original articles aim to spark discussion and research on the vital roles interpreters have played in intercultural communication through history.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.