The Youth Gang Problem : A Community Approach.

Intro -- Contents -- I: Description and Analysis -- 1. Introduction: Comparative and Historical Perspectives -- Gang Problems in Other Countries and Times -- Gangs in the United States before the 1990s -- The Contemporary Gang Scene in the United States -- 2. Research Limitations: Data Sources and Definitions -- The Limits of Data -- Solving the Definitional Problem -- 3. Scope and Seriousness of the Gang Problem -- Extent of the Problem -- Youth Gang Violence -- 4. Gangs, Drugs, and Violence -- Gang Drug Use and Trafficking: Historical Perspectives -- Increase in Gang Member Drug Trafficking -- Gang Drug Trafficking and Criminal Organization -- Changing Relationships of Gangs and Drug Dealing -- Gang Violence, Drug Use, and Drug Trafficking -- 5. Gang Member Demographics and Gang Subcultures -- Demographics -- Gang Subcultures and Social Contexts -- 6. The Structure of the Gang -- Gang Organization and Community Structure -- Development of Gang Organization -- Patterns of Organization of the Gang -- Evolving Gang Organization -- Limitations of the Idea of Gang Organization -- Cliques or Subgroups -- Types of Gang Members -- Leaders and Core Gang Members -- Territory -- 7. The Gang Member Experience -- Joining the Gang -- Group Processes -- Leaving the Gang -- 8. The Ecological Context -- Local Context and Gang Development -- Family -- School -- Politics -- Prisons -- 9. Youth Gangs and Organized Crime -- Defining Organized Crime -- The Evolving Youth Gang-Organized-Crime Connection -- Transformation of the Black Street Gang -- Hispanic Youth Gang-Criminal-Organization Connections -- Asian-American, Pacific, and Asian Gang Criminal-Organization Connections -- II: Policy and Program -- 10. Theoretical Perspectives -- Poverty-related Theories -- Social Disorganization -- Racism -- Personal Disorganization.

11. Planning for Youth Gang Control and Violence Reduction -- Historical Considerations -- Elements of a Community Planning and Mobilization Process -- 12. Criminal Justice System: The Police -- Suppression: "Recent" Traditional Law Enforcement Approaches -- Emerging Police Approach -- 13. Prosecution, Defense, and the Judiciary -- The Specialized Prosecution Strategy -- Defense Attorneys -- Court Attention to the Problem -- 14. Probation, Corrections, and Parole-After Care -- Probation -- Corrections -- Parole-After Care -- 15. Social Intervention -- Traditional Approaches: Street-Gang Work -- Recent Innovative Approaches -- 16. Social Opportunities: Education and Jobs -- Macro Level Educational Perspective -- Local School Programs -- Macro Level Employment Perspective -- Local Employment -- 17. Local Community Mobilization and Evolving National Policy -- Local Citizen and Organization Mobilization -- State-Level Mobilization -- Need for National Policy -- Appendix A. Community Mobilization/Planning: Selected Structure and Process Summary -- Appendix B. Nature and Level of Youth Gang Member Problems to Be Addressed -- Appendix C. Selected Strategic Activities/Structures for Particular Settings (Organizations) -- Glossary and Discussion of Terms -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.