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Valence Changes in Zapotec. Synchrony, diachrony, typology.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Philadelphia : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (401 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9789027267788
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Valence Changes in Zapotec. Synchrony, diachrony, typology.DDC classification:
  • 497.685
LOC classification:
  • PM4547
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Valence Changes in Zapotec -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- List of Contributors -- List of abbreviations and special symbols -- 1. Foreword -- References -- 2. Introduction -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. Zapotec languages -- 3. The present volume -- 4. Chapter summaries -- 5. Prospects for future research -- References -- 3. Valence-altering operations in zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structure and classification of the Zapotec verb -- 3. Overview of valence phenomena in Zapotec -- 4. Valence-increasing phenomena -- 4.1 Derivational causatives -- 4.1.1 *k-causative -- 4.1.2 *o-causative -- 4.1.3 *sse- ~ *se-causative -- 4.1.4 Redundant marking of valence increase -- 4.2 Incorporation -- 4.2.1 Preliminaries -- 4.2.2 Incorporation of the instrumental-comitative marker -- 4.2.3 Incorporation of the comparative marker -- 4.2.4 Adjective and verb incorporation -- 4.3 Periphrastic causatives -- 5. Valence-decreasing operations -- 5.1 Valence-decreasing prefixation -- 5.2 Argument incorporation -- 6. Non-directional (equipollent) valence-related alternations -- 6.1 Equipollent derivation -- 6.2 Equipollent inflection -- 7. Suppletion -- 8. Ambitransitive (labile) verbs -- 9. Prosodic changes in the vowel(s) of the verb stem -- 10. Conclusion and outlook -- References -- 4. Valence alternations in the Tlacolula Valley Zapotec lexicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. TVZ verbs that do not change to reflect valence differences -- 2.1 Ambitransitive verbs -- 2.2 Passive/active or non-causative/causative verb pairs without no change in form -- 2.3 Positional/causative verb pairs -- 3. Verbs that include an apparent causative morpheme -- 3.1 Gw-, cw-, g-, and w- as causative markers -- 3.2 S-, z-, sa-, and su- as causative markers -- 3.3 D- as a causative marker -- 3.4 Y- as an anti-causative marker.
4. Valence changes shown by changes in the verb base -- 4.1 Vowel alternations -- 4.2 Lenis/fortis base-initial consonant alternations -- 4.3 Other base-initial consonant alternations -- 4.4 Base-initial consonant alternations elsewhere in TVZ morphology -- 5. TVZ valence alternations and productivity -- 5.1 Irregular vowel alternations -- 5.2 Verbs with added phonological elements -- 5.3 Irregular morphosyntactic relationships -- 5.4 Causative or passive? -- 5.5 Two verbs corresponding to one -- 6. Historical comparisons -- 6.1 These relationships aren't productive -- 6.2 Relating synchronic TVZ data to Proto-Zapotec -- 6.2.1 TVZ and Proto-Zapotec *k and *o -- 6.2.2 TVZ and Proto-Zapotec *sse-/*se- -- 6.2.3 TVZ lenis/fortis alternations -- 6.2.4 Other TVZ consonant alternations -- 6.2.5 Connections with other proto-patterns -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- 5. Valence-changing morphology in San Dionisio Ocotepec Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The language and its valence system -- 1.2 The relationship of San Dionisio Ocotepec Zapotec to San Pablo Güilá Zapotec -- 2. Valence alternations between v1 and v2 -- 3. Morphological relationships between the v1 and v2 -- 4. Equipollent relationships -- 4.1 The fortis/lenis distinction -- 4.2 Valence pairs with fortis/lenis alternations -- 4.3 Is the fortis/lenis alternation equipollent? -- 5. Valence-decreasing morphology -- 5.1 D-replacive -- 5.2 Y-replacive -- 5.3 Bi- replacive -- 6. Valence-increasing morphology -- 6.1 gu- prefix -- 6.2 /u-/ prefix or infix -- 6.3 /s-/ or /sa-/ prefix -- 7. Applicative morphology -- 7.1 Basic facts -- 7.2 Extraposition possibilities in sentences with comitatives -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 6. Morphological valence-changing processes in juchitán zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The language -- 3. Typology and verbal morphology.
4. Morphological valence-changing operations in vowel-initial roots -- 4.1 Group V1: More and less active verb triads -- 4.2 Group V2: Triads of less active to causative verbs -- 4.3 Group V3: Vowel-initial basic/causative pairs -- 4.4 Summary of valence paradigms for vowel-initial verbs -- 5. Morphological valence-changing operations in consonant-initial roots -- 5.1 Group C1: Causatives formed by prefixation of &lt -- -g-&gt -- -- 5.2 Group C2: Causatives formed by prefixation of &lt -- -u-&gt -- -- 5.3 Group C3: Causatives formed by prefixation of &lt -- -u-g-&gt -- -- 5.4 Group C4: Causatives formed by prefixation of &lt -- -u-zi-&gt -- and &lt -- -u-si-&gt -- -- 5.5 Summary -- 6. Equipollent verbs -- 7. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- 7. Valence-changing operations in Coatecas Altas Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coatecas Altas verbs -- 2.1 Intransitive and transitive verbs -- 2.2 "Experiencer" verbs -- 3. Valence-increasing devices -- 3.1 Derivational causatives -- 3.1.1 *k-causative -- 3.1.2 *sse~*se-causative -- 3.1.3 Other causative prefixation -- 3.2 Inflectional causatives -- 3.3 Lexical and paradigmatic suppletion -- 3.4 Syntactic causatives -- 3.5 Incorporation -- 3.5.1 Comitative incorporation -- 3.5.2 Dative marker incorporation -- 3.5.3 Adjective incorporation -- 4. Valence-decreasing devices -- 4.1 Experiencer/anticausative verbs -- 4.2 Stative -- 4.3 Object Incorporation -- 4.4 Reflexives and reciprocals -- 5. Conclusions and topics for further study -- References -- 8. Valency-changing devices in two Southern Zapotec languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Valency-increasing devices -- 2.1 Derivational causatives -- 2.1.1 The *k- causative -- 2.1.2 The (historical) *o causative -- 2.2 Inflectional causatives -- 2.2.1 The (historical) *o causative -- 2.2.2 Transitivity patterns marked by verb class.
2.3 Causative auxiliary -- 2.4 Lexical(ized) causatives and paradigmatic suppletion -- 2.5 Incorporation -- 2.5.1 Incorporation of the comitative marker -- 2.5.2 Adjective incorporation -- 3. Valency-decreasing devices -- 3.1 Replacives -- 3.2 Intransitive (anticausative) y -- 3.2.1 Intransitive y paired with replacives -- 3.2.2 Intransitive y as palatalization -- 3.2.3 Intransitive y with V-stems -- 3.3 Noun incorporation -- 4. Derivations of ambiguous directionality -- 4.1 Feature loss -- 4.2 Tonl changes in Coatec -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 9. Valence-changing operations in Zaniza Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Directional valence-altering operations -- 2.1 Morphological valence-increasing operations -- 2.1.1 Derivational causatives -- 2.1.2 Inflectional causatives -- 2.2 Analytical valence-increasing operations -- 2.2.1 Incorporation of nu ~ du 'be with' -- 2.2.2 Analytical causatives -- 2.3 Morphological valence-decreasing operation: Anticausative -- 2.4 Analytical valence-decreasing operation: Object incorporation -- 3. Non-directional valence-altering operations -- 3.1 Lexical means -- 3.2 Morphological means -- 3.3 Analytical means -- 3.3.1 Ambitransitive verbs -- 3.3.2 Adjective incorporation -- 4. Summary and outlook -- References -- 10. Agency and verb valence in Lachixío Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Inflectional classes of the Zapotec verb -- 3. Valence-increasing devices -- 3.1 *k-causative -- 3.2 *o-causative -- 3.3 Active pronominal marking: The /=né/ enclitic -- 3.3.1 /=né/ throughout the paradigm -- 3.3.2 /=né/ only with the potential mood -- 3.3.4 /=né/ in statives -- 3.3.5 /=né/ in negation -- 3.3.6 /=né/ in a conversational context -- 3.4 Glottalization of a root vowel -- 3.5 Syntactic causatives -- 3.6 Multiple marking of causation -- 4. Lexical suppletion -- 5. Valence-decreasing devices -- 5.1 Anticausative d.
5.2 Anticausative y- -- 6. Summary and some directions for future research -- References -- 11. Changes in valence in san andrés yaá zapotec -- 1. Overview of variation in verb valence in San Andrés Yaá Zapotec (SAYZ) -- 2. Background on SAYZ -- 3. Variation in verb base -- 3.1 Syntactico-semantic correlations -- 3.2 Verb-base alternation patterns -- 3.2.1 Patterns involving the Proto-Zapotec causative marker *k- -- 3.2.2 Patterns involving the Proto-Zapotec causative marker *o- -- 3.2.3 Patterns involving the Proto-Zapotec causative marker *s(s)e- -- 3.2.4 Change in phonation and additional initial segment -- 3.2.5 Equipollent pairs -- 4. Elements inserted post-verbally that increase valence -- 4.1 Suffixation of -l corresponding to proto-Zapotec *nV[-hi] -- 4.2 Incorporation of comitative -neen -- 4.3 Cliticization of comparative =x/=zh/=ch/=dzh -- 5. Reflexives and reciprocals: Potential instances of incorporation that decrease valence -- 6. Summary/goals for future -- References -- 12. Causative morphology in Macuiltianguis Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Language background -- 2.1 Word order -- 2.2 Verbal aspectual morphology and causatives -- 2.2.1 Aspectual inflection -- 2.2.2 Morphological and syntactic causatives -- 3. The *s(s)e‑ causative: di‑ -- 3.1 Restrictions on the use of di‑ -- 4. The *o‑ causative: [u] -- 4.1 Underlying Meaning of Verb Forms -- 4.2 Is u‑ a distinct causative morpheme in MacZ? -- 4.2.1 Intraparadigmatic forms -- 4.2.2 Interaction with restorative and repetitive prefixes -- 4.3 The semantics of the be‑/ru‑/gu‑ inflectional class -- 4.4 Summary: *o‑ -- 5. The *k‑ prefix -- 6. Morpheme co‑occurrences -- 7. Concluding remarks -- References -- 13. Indirect object 'lowering' in san bartolomé zoogocho zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background information -- 3. IO lowering in SBZZ -- 3.1 Attributive possession in SBZZ.
3.2 Double object constructions.
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Intro -- Valence Changes in Zapotec -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- List of Contributors -- List of abbreviations and special symbols -- 1. Foreword -- References -- 2. Introduction -- 1. Preliminaries -- 2. Zapotec languages -- 3. The present volume -- 4. Chapter summaries -- 5. Prospects for future research -- References -- 3. Valence-altering operations in zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structure and classification of the Zapotec verb -- 3. Overview of valence phenomena in Zapotec -- 4. Valence-increasing phenomena -- 4.1 Derivational causatives -- 4.1.1 *k-causative -- 4.1.2 *o-causative -- 4.1.3 *sse- ~ *se-causative -- 4.1.4 Redundant marking of valence increase -- 4.2 Incorporation -- 4.2.1 Preliminaries -- 4.2.2 Incorporation of the instrumental-comitative marker -- 4.2.3 Incorporation of the comparative marker -- 4.2.4 Adjective and verb incorporation -- 4.3 Periphrastic causatives -- 5. Valence-decreasing operations -- 5.1 Valence-decreasing prefixation -- 5.2 Argument incorporation -- 6. Non-directional (equipollent) valence-related alternations -- 6.1 Equipollent derivation -- 6.2 Equipollent inflection -- 7. Suppletion -- 8. Ambitransitive (labile) verbs -- 9. Prosodic changes in the vowel(s) of the verb stem -- 10. Conclusion and outlook -- References -- 4. Valence alternations in the Tlacolula Valley Zapotec lexicon -- 1. Introduction -- 2. TVZ verbs that do not change to reflect valence differences -- 2.1 Ambitransitive verbs -- 2.2 Passive/active or non-causative/causative verb pairs without no change in form -- 2.3 Positional/causative verb pairs -- 3. Verbs that include an apparent causative morpheme -- 3.1 Gw-, cw-, g-, and w- as causative markers -- 3.2 S-, z-, sa-, and su- as causative markers -- 3.3 D- as a causative marker -- 3.4 Y- as an anti-causative marker.

4. Valence changes shown by changes in the verb base -- 4.1 Vowel alternations -- 4.2 Lenis/fortis base-initial consonant alternations -- 4.3 Other base-initial consonant alternations -- 4.4 Base-initial consonant alternations elsewhere in TVZ morphology -- 5. TVZ valence alternations and productivity -- 5.1 Irregular vowel alternations -- 5.2 Verbs with added phonological elements -- 5.3 Irregular morphosyntactic relationships -- 5.4 Causative or passive? -- 5.5 Two verbs corresponding to one -- 6. Historical comparisons -- 6.1 These relationships aren't productive -- 6.2 Relating synchronic TVZ data to Proto-Zapotec -- 6.2.1 TVZ and Proto-Zapotec *k and *o -- 6.2.2 TVZ and Proto-Zapotec *sse-/*se- -- 6.2.3 TVZ lenis/fortis alternations -- 6.2.4 Other TVZ consonant alternations -- 6.2.5 Connections with other proto-patterns -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- 5. Valence-changing morphology in San Dionisio Ocotepec Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 The language and its valence system -- 1.2 The relationship of San Dionisio Ocotepec Zapotec to San Pablo Güilá Zapotec -- 2. Valence alternations between v1 and v2 -- 3. Morphological relationships between the v1 and v2 -- 4. Equipollent relationships -- 4.1 The fortis/lenis distinction -- 4.2 Valence pairs with fortis/lenis alternations -- 4.3 Is the fortis/lenis alternation equipollent? -- 5. Valence-decreasing morphology -- 5.1 D-replacive -- 5.2 Y-replacive -- 5.3 Bi- replacive -- 6. Valence-increasing morphology -- 6.1 gu- prefix -- 6.2 /u-/ prefix or infix -- 6.3 /s-/ or /sa-/ prefix -- 7. Applicative morphology -- 7.1 Basic facts -- 7.2 Extraposition possibilities in sentences with comitatives -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 6. Morphological valence-changing processes in juchitán zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The language -- 3. Typology and verbal morphology.

4. Morphological valence-changing operations in vowel-initial roots -- 4.1 Group V1: More and less active verb triads -- 4.2 Group V2: Triads of less active to causative verbs -- 4.3 Group V3: Vowel-initial basic/causative pairs -- 4.4 Summary of valence paradigms for vowel-initial verbs -- 5. Morphological valence-changing operations in consonant-initial roots -- 5.1 Group C1: Causatives formed by prefixation of &lt -- -g-&gt -- -- 5.2 Group C2: Causatives formed by prefixation of &lt -- -u-&gt -- -- 5.3 Group C3: Causatives formed by prefixation of &lt -- -u-g-&gt -- -- 5.4 Group C4: Causatives formed by prefixation of &lt -- -u-zi-&gt -- and &lt -- -u-si-&gt -- -- 5.5 Summary -- 6. Equipollent verbs -- 7. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- 7. Valence-changing operations in Coatecas Altas Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coatecas Altas verbs -- 2.1 Intransitive and transitive verbs -- 2.2 "Experiencer" verbs -- 3. Valence-increasing devices -- 3.1 Derivational causatives -- 3.1.1 *k-causative -- 3.1.2 *sse~*se-causative -- 3.1.3 Other causative prefixation -- 3.2 Inflectional causatives -- 3.3 Lexical and paradigmatic suppletion -- 3.4 Syntactic causatives -- 3.5 Incorporation -- 3.5.1 Comitative incorporation -- 3.5.2 Dative marker incorporation -- 3.5.3 Adjective incorporation -- 4. Valence-decreasing devices -- 4.1 Experiencer/anticausative verbs -- 4.2 Stative -- 4.3 Object Incorporation -- 4.4 Reflexives and reciprocals -- 5. Conclusions and topics for further study -- References -- 8. Valency-changing devices in two Southern Zapotec languages -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Valency-increasing devices -- 2.1 Derivational causatives -- 2.1.1 The *k- causative -- 2.1.2 The (historical) *o causative -- 2.2 Inflectional causatives -- 2.2.1 The (historical) *o causative -- 2.2.2 Transitivity patterns marked by verb class.

2.3 Causative auxiliary -- 2.4 Lexical(ized) causatives and paradigmatic suppletion -- 2.5 Incorporation -- 2.5.1 Incorporation of the comitative marker -- 2.5.2 Adjective incorporation -- 3. Valency-decreasing devices -- 3.1 Replacives -- 3.2 Intransitive (anticausative) y -- 3.2.1 Intransitive y paired with replacives -- 3.2.2 Intransitive y as palatalization -- 3.2.3 Intransitive y with V-stems -- 3.3 Noun incorporation -- 4. Derivations of ambiguous directionality -- 4.1 Feature loss -- 4.2 Tonl changes in Coatec -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 9. Valence-changing operations in Zaniza Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Directional valence-altering operations -- 2.1 Morphological valence-increasing operations -- 2.1.1 Derivational causatives -- 2.1.2 Inflectional causatives -- 2.2 Analytical valence-increasing operations -- 2.2.1 Incorporation of nu ~ du 'be with' -- 2.2.2 Analytical causatives -- 2.3 Morphological valence-decreasing operation: Anticausative -- 2.4 Analytical valence-decreasing operation: Object incorporation -- 3. Non-directional valence-altering operations -- 3.1 Lexical means -- 3.2 Morphological means -- 3.3 Analytical means -- 3.3.1 Ambitransitive verbs -- 3.3.2 Adjective incorporation -- 4. Summary and outlook -- References -- 10. Agency and verb valence in Lachixío Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Inflectional classes of the Zapotec verb -- 3. Valence-increasing devices -- 3.1 *k-causative -- 3.2 *o-causative -- 3.3 Active pronominal marking: The /=né/ enclitic -- 3.3.1 /=né/ throughout the paradigm -- 3.3.2 /=né/ only with the potential mood -- 3.3.4 /=né/ in statives -- 3.3.5 /=né/ in negation -- 3.3.6 /=né/ in a conversational context -- 3.4 Glottalization of a root vowel -- 3.5 Syntactic causatives -- 3.6 Multiple marking of causation -- 4. Lexical suppletion -- 5. Valence-decreasing devices -- 5.1 Anticausative d.

5.2 Anticausative y- -- 6. Summary and some directions for future research -- References -- 11. Changes in valence in san andrés yaá zapotec -- 1. Overview of variation in verb valence in San Andrés Yaá Zapotec (SAYZ) -- 2. Background on SAYZ -- 3. Variation in verb base -- 3.1 Syntactico-semantic correlations -- 3.2 Verb-base alternation patterns -- 3.2.1 Patterns involving the Proto-Zapotec causative marker *k- -- 3.2.2 Patterns involving the Proto-Zapotec causative marker *o- -- 3.2.3 Patterns involving the Proto-Zapotec causative marker *s(s)e- -- 3.2.4 Change in phonation and additional initial segment -- 3.2.5 Equipollent pairs -- 4. Elements inserted post-verbally that increase valence -- 4.1 Suffixation of -l corresponding to proto-Zapotec *nV[-hi] -- 4.2 Incorporation of comitative -neen -- 4.3 Cliticization of comparative =x/=zh/=ch/=dzh -- 5. Reflexives and reciprocals: Potential instances of incorporation that decrease valence -- 6. Summary/goals for future -- References -- 12. Causative morphology in Macuiltianguis Zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Language background -- 2.1 Word order -- 2.2 Verbal aspectual morphology and causatives -- 2.2.1 Aspectual inflection -- 2.2.2 Morphological and syntactic causatives -- 3. The *s(s)e‑ causative: di‑ -- 3.1 Restrictions on the use of di‑ -- 4. The *o‑ causative: [u] -- 4.1 Underlying Meaning of Verb Forms -- 4.2 Is u‑ a distinct causative morpheme in MacZ? -- 4.2.1 Intraparadigmatic forms -- 4.2.2 Interaction with restorative and repetitive prefixes -- 4.3 The semantics of the be‑/ru‑/gu‑ inflectional class -- 4.4 Summary: *o‑ -- 5. The *k‑ prefix -- 6. Morpheme co‑occurrences -- 7. Concluding remarks -- References -- 13. Indirect object 'lowering' in san bartolomé zoogocho zapotec -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background information -- 3. IO lowering in SBZZ -- 3.1 Attributive possession in SBZZ.

3.2 Double object constructions.

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