Foot and Mouth Disease Virus : Current Research and Emerging Trends.

Intro -- Contributors -- Current Books of Interest -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction: Foot-and-mouth Disease - Much Progress But Still a Lot to Learn -- Introduction -- Progress and challenges in the management of FMD -- Progress and challenges in understanding the molecular biology of FMDV -- Summary -- 2 Genome Organization, Translation and Replication of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus RNA -- Introduction -- The structure and function of the FMDV RNA 5′ UTR -- RNA replication elements -- The IRES element - structure and function -- The polyprotein coding region -- Structure and function of the FMDV 3′UTR -- Unsolved issues -- Concluding remarks -- 3 Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Proteinases and Polyprotein Processing -- Introductory overview -- FMDV polyprotein processing -- The 3C proteinase -- The L proteinase -- The 2A oligopeptide -- The cleavage of host cell proteins -- 4 The Foot-and-mouth Disease Virion: Structure and Function -- Introduction -- Structure of the FMDV virion -- Morphogenesis of FMDV -- Structural determinants of FMDV (in)stability -- Structural insights into the recognition and neutralization of FMDV by antibodies -- Structural insights into the recognition of cell receptors by FMDV -- Structural insights into uncoating of the FMDV genome -- Concluding remarks -- 5 Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Receptors: Multiple Gateways to Initiate Infection -- Introduction -- Viral receptors -- Primary FMDV receptor: integrins -- Mechanisms of FMDV host cell entry -- FMDV interactions with non-receptor host factors: roles in infection, host range, and virulence -- Final remarks -- 6 The RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase 3D: Structure and Fidelity -- Introduction -- Structural and functional studies of VPg binding and uridylylation -- Structural elements regulating the replication elongation process.

Structural and functional studies with the 3D polymerase of ribavirin-resistant mutants -- Conclusions -- 7 Quasispecies Dynamics Taught by Natural and Experimental Evolution of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus -- Introduction: genetic variation of RNA viruses -- Quasispecies dynamics as studied with FMDV -- Diversification in the field: power and limitations of phylogeny -- epidemiological fitness -- Viral quasispecies as complex, adaptive systems -- Fitness gain and limits to fitness gain: a transition towards genome segmentation -- Summary, conclusions and prospects -- 8 Clinical Signs and Pathology of Foot-and-mouth Disease -- Introduction -- Foot-and-mouth disease in domestic animals -- Pathology -- 9 Natural Habitats in which Foot-and-mouth Disease Viruses are Maintained -- Summary -- Introduction -- African buffalo Syncerus caffer: the maintenance host of the SAT type FMD viruses -- The role of wildlife species other than buffalo in the epidemiology of FMD in southern Africa -- Clinical signs of FMD in wildlife -- Diagnosis of FMD in wildlife -- Control of FMD in sub-Saharan Africa where wildlife are involved -- Fences and fencing -- Vaccination -- Establishment of disease-free buffalo herds -- 10 Innate to Adaptive: Immune Defence Handling of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus -- Introduction -- Interaction of FMDV with innate viral sensors -- FMDV and mononuclear innate immune cells -- Consequences of FMDV interaction with mononuclear innate immune cells -- Ranking innate immune defences -- Innate to adaptive: inducing adaptive immune defence against FMDV -- Adaptive immune responses against FMDV -- Effector lymphocyte responses against FMDV -- Immune defence against FMDV: conclusions -- 11 Laboratory Diagnostic Methods to Support the Surveillance and Control of Foot-and-mouth Disease -- Introduction -- Virological tests -- Serological approaches.

Sequencing -- Field tests -- Conclusion: options for FMD control and role of lab testing -- 12 Quality Attributes of Current Inactivated Foot-and-mouth Disease Vaccines and their Effects on the Success of Vaccination Programmes -- Introduction -- Vaccine manufacturing -- Performance in target species -- Performance of FMD vaccine under field conditions -- Vaccine matching -- Vaccine strain selection -- Antigen and vaccine banks -- Concluding remarks -- 13 Peptide Vaccines Against Foot-and-mouth Disease -- Limitations of classical inactivated vaccines prompted the search for new immunogens -- General features of the FMDV-specific immune response -- Identification of FMDV protein fragments containing B-cell neutralizing epitopes -- Peptides can induce neutralizing antibodies and protection -- Advantages and limitations of FMDV peptide vaccines -- Characteristics of the regions mimicked by FMDV peptides: continuous and discontinuous B-cell epitopes -- Characteristics of the regions mimicked by the FMDV peptides: T-cell epitopes -- Current perspectives for improved FDMV peptide vaccines -- Concluding remarks -- 14 Control of Foot-and-mouth Disease by Using Replication-defective Human Adenoviruses to Deliver Vaccines and Biotherapeutics -- Introduction -- Development of Ad5 vaccines to deliver FMDV antigens -- Development of Ad5-delivered biotherapeutics/antivirals as a control strategy for FMD -- Combination of Ad5-FMD vaccines and Ad5-IFN -- Future directions -- 15 Antiviral Therapies for Foot-and-mouth Disease -- Background -- Nucleoside analogues -- Small chemical molecules -- Nucleic acid-based strategies -- Passive immunization with llama antibodies (Nanobodies®) -- Antiviral properties of natural products -- Summary -- 16 Mathematical Models of the Epidemiology and Control of Foot-and-mouth Disease -- Introduction -- Model structure.

Modelling heterogeneities -- Model application -- Modelling control measures -- An example: the Keeling model -- The Keeling model post 2001 -- Development of FMD models since 2001 -- Future of mathematical models -- 17 The Role of International Organizations in the Control of Foot-and-mouth Disease -- Introduction -- The regional activities for the control of FMD -- Conclusions -- 18 Overview of Foot-and-mouth Disease and its Impact as a Re-emergent Viral Infection -- Introduction -- Global impact of FMD -- Controlling FMD -- Emergence of new serotype O viruses -- The 2007 UK outbreak in the UK -- Emergence of the A-Iran-05 lineage of FMD viruses -- Emergence of a new lineage of serotype Asia-1 FMDV -- Foot-and-mouth disease in Africa -- FMD as a re-emerging disease -- Conclusions -- Index.

This volume provides essential scientific background on FMD and its etiological agent, FMD virus, as well as comprehensive, interdisciplinary and up-to-date information on basic research findings and applied developments contributing to FMD control. The eighteen chapters have been written by leading FMD researchers. Topics include genome organization, translation and replication, virus-coded proteinases, structure of virus particles, cell receptors and host range, the RNA polymerase, quasispecies dynamics and virus evolution, innate and acquired immune responses, and the clinical signs of FMD and its natural habitats. Further chapters deal with various aspects of disease control such as diagnosis, current and new vaccines, antivirals and models of epidemiology. The role of international organizations in FMD control and the impact of FMDV as a re-emergent virus are also addressed. The book is required reading for everyone involved in FMD and is an important acquisition for all microbiology libraries.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.