Integrated Automotive Safety Handbook.

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 The Need to Increase Road Safety -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Definitions -- 1.3 Driving forces for increased vehicle safety -- 1.3.1 Legislation -- 1.3.2 Competition -- 1.3.3 Consumer information -- 1.3.4 Product liability -- 1.4 References -- Chapter 2 Accident Research -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Accident data -- 2.3 Application of accident research data -- 2.4 References -- Chapter 3 Integrated Safety -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Accident avoidance -- 3.2.1 Human factors -- 3.2.2 Comfort and ergonomics -- 3.2.3 Chassis and tire design -- 3.2.4 Vehicle assistance systems -- 3.2.5 Driver assistance systems -- 3.2.5.1 Longitudinal guidance systems -- 3.2.5.2 Lateral guidance systems -- 3.2.5.3 Night assistance -- 3.3 Driver, vehicle, and environment -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Driver modeling -- 3.3.3 Vehicle data and perception -- 3.3.3.1 Crash prediction -- 3.3.3.2 Evaluation -- 3.3.3.3 Environment detection -- 3.4 References -- Chapter 4 Functions of Integrated Safety -- 4.1 Precrash safety -- 4.1.1 Definition of the precrash phase -- 4.1.2 Automatic brake intervention -- 4.1.3 Irreversible restraint systems -- 4.1.4 Side precrash system -- 4.2 Systems to integrate avoidance and mitigation -- 4.2.1 Preventative occupant protection -- 4.2.2 Integral pedestrian protection -- 4.2.3 From steering support to automated driving intervention -- 4.2.4 Rescue and recovery -- 4.2.5 Development process of integral functions -- 4.3 Car-to-x safety -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Car-to-car based functions and requirements -- 4.3.3 Automatic braking intervention by vehicle-to-vehicle and sensor fusion -- 4.3.4 Cooperative driving -- 4.4 References -- Chapter 5 Biomechanics and Protection Criteria -- 5.1 Biomechanics -- 5.1.1 Introduction -- 5.1.2 Tolerance limits -- 5.1.3 External injuries.

5.1.4 Internal injuries -- 5.2 Protection criteria -- 5.3 References -- Chapter 6 Mitigation of Injuries -- 6.1 Quasi-static test requirements on the body in white -- 6.1.1 Tests on seats and seat belt anchorage points -- 6.1.2 Roof strength -- 6.1.3 Side structures -- 6.2 Dynamic simulation of vehicle collisions -- 6.2.1 Frontal collision -- 6.2.2 Lateral collisions -- 6.2.3 Rear-end collisions -- 6.2.4 Vehicle rollover -- 6.3 Occupant protection -- 6.3.1 Vehicle interior -- 6.3.2 Restraint systems -- 6.3.2.1 Safety belts -- 6.3.2.2 Child restraints -- 6.3.2.3 Airbags -- 6.3.2.4 Seats, seat back, and head rests -- 6.4 Interaction of restraint system and vehicle -- 6.4.1 Unbelted occupant in a frontal collision -- 6.4.2 Belted occupant -- 6.4.3 Airbag systems -- 6.4.4 Steering column deformation force -- 6.4.5 Optimizing the restraint system function -- 6.4.5.1 Concept of "less belt-more airbag" -- 6.4.5.2 Ideal restraint effect -- 6.4.5.3 Optimum profile of the belt force and airbag vent -- 6.4.5.4 Steering column deformation force with a degressive airbag vent control -- 6.4.5.5 Summary of optimization -- 6.4.6 Lateral collisions -- 6.4.6.1 Theoretical analysis -- 6.4.6.2 Side impact test defined in the U.S. and Europe -- 6.5 References -- Chapter 7 Adaptive Occupant Protection -- 7.1 Requirements based on the accident situation -- 7.2 Individual occupant protection -- 7.2.1 Accident severity -- 7.2.2 Individuality of the occupants -- 7.2.2.1 Seat settings -- 7.2.2.2 Age of the occupants -- 7.2.3 Weighting of the main influencing factors -- 7.3 Airbag control concepts -- 7.3.1 Mass flow control -- 7.3.2 Volume control -- 7.3.3 Vent control with constant pressure -- 7.3.4 Airbag vent switching once -- 7.3.5 Switchable belt force limiter -- 7.3.6 Comparison between the airbag control concepts.

7.4 Occupant and accident severity-specific adaptivity -- 7.4.1 Airbag vent control with switching belt force limiter -- 7.4.2 Self-adaptation of the belt force for different occupants -- 7.4.3 Potential for the occupant without seat belt -- 7.4.4 System function and potential for the front-seat passenger -- 7.4.5 Summary of adaptivity -- 7.5 Estimate of the potential of adaptive restraint systems in a real accident -- 7.5.1 Injury probability -- 7.5.2 Principal problems with transferring the potential determined in simulation techniques to real accident situations -- 7.5.3 Equivalent accident severity -- 7.5.4 Calculation of the virtual injury distribution in the field -- 7.5.5 Effectiveness and benefit of adaptive restraint systems in the field -- 7.6 References -- Chapter 8 Compatibility of Passenger Cars, Trucks, and Pedestrians -- 8.1 General -- 8.2 Passenger car/truck collisions -- 8.3 Pedestrian collisions -- 8.4 References -- Chapter 9 Calculation and Simulation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Man-machine-interface -- 9.3 Computer-aideddevelopment process by HIL, VIL, SIL -- 9.3.1 Simulation of predictive safety systems -- 9.3.2 Vehicle-in-the-loop -- 9.4 Crash simulation -- 9.4.1 Introduction -- 9.4.2 Frontal crash -- 9.4.3 Lateral impacts -- 9.4.4 Rear-end collision -- 9.4.5 Rollover -- 9.4.6 Components -- 9.5 References -- Chapter 10 Looking into the Future -- 10.1 General trends -- 10.2 Future of vehicle safety -- 10.3 Responsibility of the government authorities -- 10.4 A final remark -- 10.5 References -- Index -- About the Authors.

Takes a unique and comprehensive approach to describing all areas of vehicle safety: accident avoidance, pre-crash, mitigation of injuries, and post-crash technologies, providing a solutions-based perspective of integrated vehicle safety. Also covered are accident investigation and worldwide legislation as they apply to integrated vehicle safety.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.