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Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders : A Practical Guide for Clinicians.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublisher: Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2015Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (513 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9783319071091
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma-Related Psychological DisordersDDC classification:
  • 616.8521
LOC classification:
  • RC434.2-574
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Contents -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Why This Book? -- 1.2 The Content of the Book -- 1.3 Commonalities Across Psychological Treatments -- 1.4 The Cultural Dimension -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part I: Traumatic Stress: The Basic Principles -- 2: Trauma as a Public Health Issue: Epidemiology of Trauma and Trauma-Related Disorders -- 2.1 Epidemiology of Trauma Exposure -- 2.2 Predictors and Correlates of Trauma Exposure -- 2.2.1 Demographic Characteristics -- 2.2.2 Within-Individual Factors -- 2.2.3 Social Contextual Factors -- 2.3 Consequences of Trauma Exposure -- 2.3.1 PTSD -- 2.3.2 ASD -- 2.3.3 BRD -- 2.3.4 Other Psychological Disorders -- 2.3.5 Physical Health Consequences -- 2.3.6 Intergenerational Effects -- 2.4 Public Health Perspectives on Treatment -- 2.4.1 Primary Prevention -- 2.4.2 Secondary Prevention -- 2.4.3 Tertiary Prevention -- 2.5 Conclusion: The Public Health Burden of Trauma Exposure -- References -- 3: Psychological and Social Theories of PTSD -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fear Conditioning Theories -- 3.3 Dual Representation Theory -- 3.4 Cognitive Theory and 'Hotspots' in Trauma Narratives -- 3.4.1 Cognitive Theory of PTSD -- 3.4.2 'Hotspots' in Trauma Narratives -- 3.5 Psychoanalytical Theory -- 3.5.1 Trauma as a Subjective Experience -- 3.5.2 Significance of the Personality in the Posttraumatic Process -- 3.5.3 Trauma as a Process with Social Dimensions -- 3.6 PTSD from a Societal Perspective -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Neurobiological Findings in Post-­traumatic Stress Disorder -- 4.1 Cumulative Trauma Exposure Forms Strong Traumatic Memories -- 4.2 Genetic Factors in the Etiology, Symptomatology, and Treatment of PTSD -- 4.2.1 Heritability of PTSD -- 4.2.2 Genetics of the Fear Network -- 4.2.2.1 Modulators of the Serotonergic System.
4.2.2.2 Modulators of the Dopaminergic System -- 4.2.2.3 Modulators of the Biological Stress Responses -- 4.3 Epigenetic Alterations Associated with PTSD -- 4.4 Structural and Functional Alterations in the Brain of Trauma Survivors with PTSD -- 4.5 The Effects of Psychological Trauma on Physical Health: Identifying Potential Molecular Modulators -- 4.6 Reversibility of Immunological and Molecular Alterations in PTSD Through Psychotherapy -- 4.7 Future Promising Directions of Neurobiological Research in Trauma-Related Disorders -- References -- 5: Understanding Pathways from Traumatic Exposure to Physical Health -- 5.1 Defining and Measuring Physical Health -- 5.2 A Conceptual Framework for Understanding How Traumatic Exposure Affects Physical Health -- 5.3 Review of the Literature -- 5.3.1 Explicit Tests of PTSD as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Traumatic Exposure and Physical Health -- 5.3.2 Evidence on Potential Mechanisms Through Which PTSD Affects Physical Health -- 5.3.3 Evidence on Whether Treating PTSD Improves Physical Health -- 5.4 Implications for Research -- 5.5 Implications for Clinical Practice -- 5.6 Implications for Society -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Stress and Trauma Related Disorders -- 6: The Diagnostic Spectrum of Trauma-­Related Disorders -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 History of DSM -- 6.3 History of ICD -- 6.4 Classification in DSM-5 -- 6.5 PTSD -- 6.5.1 DSM-5 -- 6.5.2 ICD-11 -- 6.6 Acute Stress Disorder -- 6.6.1 DSM-5 -- 6.6.2 ICD-11 -- 6.7 Complex PTSD -- 6.7.1 DSM-5 -- 6.7.2 ICD-11 -- 6.8 Prolonged Grief Disorder -- 6.8.1 DSM-5 -- 6.8.2 ICD-11 -- 6.9 Summary -- References -- Part III: Psychotherapy -- 7: Early Intervention After Trauma -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Providing Early Interventions to All Survivors -- 7.3 Who Should Receive Early Intervention.
7.4 Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behaviour Therapy -- 7.5 Pharmacological Approaches -- 7.6 Stepped Care -- 7.7 Placing Early Intervention in Context -- 7.8 Challenges for Early Intervention -- 7.9 Concluding Comment -- References -- 8: Prolonged Exposure Therapy -- 8.1 Theoretical Basis for Prolonged Exposure -- 8.2 Implementing Prolonged Exposure Therapy -- 8.3 Special Challenges to Implementing Prolonged Exposure Therapy -- 8.3.1 Comorbid Depression -- 8.3.2 Comorbid Substance Use -- 8.3.3 Comorbid Traumatic Brain Injury -- 8.3.4 Comorbid Borderline Personality Disorder -- 8.3.5 Symptoms Associated with PTSD -- 8.3.6 Dropout -- 8.3.7 Contraindications -- 8.4 Evidence Supporting Prolonged Exposure Therapy -- References -- 9: Cognitive Therapy for PTSD: Updating Memories and Meanings of Trauma -- 9.1 Understanding PTSD from a Cognitive Perspective -- 9.1.1 A Cognitive Model of PTSD -- 9.1.2 Empirical Studies Testing the Proposed Factors -- 9.1.2.1 Negative Appraisals -- 9.1.2.2 Memory Processes -- 9.1.2.3 Behaviors and Cognitive Responses That Maintain PTSD -- 9.2 How to Do Cognitive Therapy for PTSD -- 9.2.1 Theory-Informed Individual Case Formulation -- 9.2.2 Therapeutic Style -- 9.2.3 Individual Case Formulation and Treatment Rationale -- 9.2.4 Modifying Excessively Negative Appraisals of the Trauma and Its Sequelae -- 9.2.4.1 Reclaiming Your Life Assignments -- 9.2.4.2 Changing Meanings of Trauma by Updating Trauma Memories -- 9.2.4.3 Changing Appraisals of Trauma Sequelae -- 9.2.5 Memory Work to Reduce Reexperiencing -- 9.2.5.1 Imaginal Reliving and Narrative Writing -- 9.2.5.2 Identification and Discrimination of Triggers of Reexperiencing Symptoms -- 9.2.5.3 Site Visit -- 9.2.5.4 Imagery Work -- 9.2.6 Dropping Dysfunctional Behaviors and Cognitive Strategies -- 9.2.7 Duration of Treatment.
9.3 Special Challenges -- 9.3.1 Comorbidity -- 9.3.2 Dissociation -- 9.3.3 Multiple Trauma -- 9.3.4 Physical Problems -- 9.4 Evaluations of Cognitive Therapy for PTSD -- References -- 10: Cognitive Processing Therapy -- 10.1 Theoretical Underpinnings -- 10.2 Clinical Description of CPT -- 10.3 Special Challenges -- 10.4 Empirical Support -- References -- 11: EMDR Therapy for Trauma-Related Disorders -- 11.1 The Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) Model -- 11.2 Treatment Overview -- 11.2.1 Single Trauma -- 11.2.2 Developmental Trauma -- 11.3 Clinical Challenges -- 11.3.1 Children -- 11.3.2 Complex PTSD -- 11.3.3 Addictions -- 11.3.4 Military Personnel -- 11.4 Research -- References -- 12: Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET): Reorganizing Memories of Traumatic Stress, Fear, and Violence -- 12.1 The Theoretical Basis of NET: Trauma-Related Disorders Are Disorders of Memory -- 12.1.1 The Structure of Traumatic Memories -- 12.1.2 The Building Block Effect of Traumatic Load for Trauma-­Related Mental Illness -- 12.2 The Rationale and Logic of NET -- 12.3 NET Step by Step -- 12.3.1 Session 1: Diagnosis and Psychoeducation -- 12.3.2 Session 2: The Lifeline Exercise -- 12.3.3 Session 3: The Narration -- 12.3.4 Session 4 and Subsequent Sessions: Completing the Narration -- 12.3.5 Cognitive Restructuring and the Days After -- 12.3.6 Final Session of the NET Module -- 12.3.7 Follow-Up Period -- 12.3.8 Overview of the Therapeutic Elements of NET -- 12.4 NET as an Evidence-Based Treatment -- 12.5 Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- 13: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy for PTSD -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Theoretical Underpinnings of BEPP -- 13.2.1 Acceptance of Emotions -- 13.2.2 Understanding the Meaning of Emotions -- 13.2.3 Facing the Often Horrific Reality of the Trauma -- 13.3 BEPP Protocol.
13.3.1 First Session: Psychoeducation -- 13.3.2 Sessions 2-6: Imaginal Exposure -- 13.3.3 Mementos and Letter Writing -- 13.3.4 Sessions 7-15: Meaning and Integration -- 13.3.5 Session 16: Farewell -- 13.4 Special Challenges -- 13.4.1 Choice of Trauma for Imaginal Exposure -- 13.4.2 Understanding the Rationale Is Vital -- 13.4.3 Avoidance of Writing -- 13.4.4 Therapist Skills -- 13.5 BEPP Research -- 13.5.1 BEPP in the Police Force -- 13.5.2 BEPP in General Outpatient Populations -- 13.5.3 Neurobiological Research -- 13.6 Conclusion -- References -- 14: STAIR Narrative Therapy -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Theoretical Underpinnings -- 14.2.1 The Role of Emotion Regulation and Relational Capacities as Contributors to Good Functioning -- 14.2.2 Social Bonds and Emotion Regulation More Broadly Considered -- 14.3 Description of the Protocol -- 14.3.1 History and Symptoms/Commitment to the Treatment (Session 1) -- 14.3.2 Identifying and Expressing Feelings (Sessions 2-4) -- 14.3.3 Interpersonal Schemas (Sessions 5-8) -- 14.3.4 Role-Playing (Sessions 5-8) -- 14.3.5 Narrative Therapy (Sessions 9-16) -- 14.4 Challenges to Implementing STAIR Narrative Therapy -- 14.5 Research -- References -- 15: Complicated Grief Treatment (CGT) for Prolonged Grief Disorder -- 15.1 Theoretical Underpinnings -- 15.2 How to Do CGT -- 15.2.1 Pretreatment Assessment -- 15.2.2 Sessions 1-3: Getting Started -- 15.2.3 Core Revisiting Sequence -- 15.2.4 Midcourse Review and Closing Sequence -- 15.3 Challenges in Implementing CGT -- 15.4 Our Complicated Grief Treatment Research -- References -- Part IV: Comorbidities -- 16: Trauma and Substance Abuse: A Clinician's Guide to Treatment -- 16.1 Various Models -- 16.2 Major Findings -- 16.3 Recommendations for Practice -- 16.4 Future Developments -- 16.5 Closing -- References.
17: Treating PTSD and Borderline Personality Disorder.
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Intro -- Contents -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Why This Book? -- 1.2 The Content of the Book -- 1.3 Commonalities Across Psychological Treatments -- 1.4 The Cultural Dimension -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part I: Traumatic Stress: The Basic Principles -- 2: Trauma as a Public Health Issue: Epidemiology of Trauma and Trauma-Related Disorders -- 2.1 Epidemiology of Trauma Exposure -- 2.2 Predictors and Correlates of Trauma Exposure -- 2.2.1 Demographic Characteristics -- 2.2.2 Within-Individual Factors -- 2.2.3 Social Contextual Factors -- 2.3 Consequences of Trauma Exposure -- 2.3.1 PTSD -- 2.3.2 ASD -- 2.3.3 BRD -- 2.3.4 Other Psychological Disorders -- 2.3.5 Physical Health Consequences -- 2.3.6 Intergenerational Effects -- 2.4 Public Health Perspectives on Treatment -- 2.4.1 Primary Prevention -- 2.4.2 Secondary Prevention -- 2.4.3 Tertiary Prevention -- 2.5 Conclusion: The Public Health Burden of Trauma Exposure -- References -- 3: Psychological and Social Theories of PTSD -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fear Conditioning Theories -- 3.3 Dual Representation Theory -- 3.4 Cognitive Theory and 'Hotspots' in Trauma Narratives -- 3.4.1 Cognitive Theory of PTSD -- 3.4.2 'Hotspots' in Trauma Narratives -- 3.5 Psychoanalytical Theory -- 3.5.1 Trauma as a Subjective Experience -- 3.5.2 Significance of the Personality in the Posttraumatic Process -- 3.5.3 Trauma as a Process with Social Dimensions -- 3.6 PTSD from a Societal Perspective -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Neurobiological Findings in Post-­traumatic Stress Disorder -- 4.1 Cumulative Trauma Exposure Forms Strong Traumatic Memories -- 4.2 Genetic Factors in the Etiology, Symptomatology, and Treatment of PTSD -- 4.2.1 Heritability of PTSD -- 4.2.2 Genetics of the Fear Network -- 4.2.2.1 Modulators of the Serotonergic System.

4.2.2.2 Modulators of the Dopaminergic System -- 4.2.2.3 Modulators of the Biological Stress Responses -- 4.3 Epigenetic Alterations Associated with PTSD -- 4.4 Structural and Functional Alterations in the Brain of Trauma Survivors with PTSD -- 4.5 The Effects of Psychological Trauma on Physical Health: Identifying Potential Molecular Modulators -- 4.6 Reversibility of Immunological and Molecular Alterations in PTSD Through Psychotherapy -- 4.7 Future Promising Directions of Neurobiological Research in Trauma-Related Disorders -- References -- 5: Understanding Pathways from Traumatic Exposure to Physical Health -- 5.1 Defining and Measuring Physical Health -- 5.2 A Conceptual Framework for Understanding How Traumatic Exposure Affects Physical Health -- 5.3 Review of the Literature -- 5.3.1 Explicit Tests of PTSD as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Traumatic Exposure and Physical Health -- 5.3.2 Evidence on Potential Mechanisms Through Which PTSD Affects Physical Health -- 5.3.3 Evidence on Whether Treating PTSD Improves Physical Health -- 5.4 Implications for Research -- 5.5 Implications for Clinical Practice -- 5.6 Implications for Society -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Stress and Trauma Related Disorders -- 6: The Diagnostic Spectrum of Trauma-­Related Disorders -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 History of DSM -- 6.3 History of ICD -- 6.4 Classification in DSM-5 -- 6.5 PTSD -- 6.5.1 DSM-5 -- 6.5.2 ICD-11 -- 6.6 Acute Stress Disorder -- 6.6.1 DSM-5 -- 6.6.2 ICD-11 -- 6.7 Complex PTSD -- 6.7.1 DSM-5 -- 6.7.2 ICD-11 -- 6.8 Prolonged Grief Disorder -- 6.8.1 DSM-5 -- 6.8.2 ICD-11 -- 6.9 Summary -- References -- Part III: Psychotherapy -- 7: Early Intervention After Trauma -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Providing Early Interventions to All Survivors -- 7.3 Who Should Receive Early Intervention.

7.4 Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behaviour Therapy -- 7.5 Pharmacological Approaches -- 7.6 Stepped Care -- 7.7 Placing Early Intervention in Context -- 7.8 Challenges for Early Intervention -- 7.9 Concluding Comment -- References -- 8: Prolonged Exposure Therapy -- 8.1 Theoretical Basis for Prolonged Exposure -- 8.2 Implementing Prolonged Exposure Therapy -- 8.3 Special Challenges to Implementing Prolonged Exposure Therapy -- 8.3.1 Comorbid Depression -- 8.3.2 Comorbid Substance Use -- 8.3.3 Comorbid Traumatic Brain Injury -- 8.3.4 Comorbid Borderline Personality Disorder -- 8.3.5 Symptoms Associated with PTSD -- 8.3.6 Dropout -- 8.3.7 Contraindications -- 8.4 Evidence Supporting Prolonged Exposure Therapy -- References -- 9: Cognitive Therapy for PTSD: Updating Memories and Meanings of Trauma -- 9.1 Understanding PTSD from a Cognitive Perspective -- 9.1.1 A Cognitive Model of PTSD -- 9.1.2 Empirical Studies Testing the Proposed Factors -- 9.1.2.1 Negative Appraisals -- 9.1.2.2 Memory Processes -- 9.1.2.3 Behaviors and Cognitive Responses That Maintain PTSD -- 9.2 How to Do Cognitive Therapy for PTSD -- 9.2.1 Theory-Informed Individual Case Formulation -- 9.2.2 Therapeutic Style -- 9.2.3 Individual Case Formulation and Treatment Rationale -- 9.2.4 Modifying Excessively Negative Appraisals of the Trauma and Its Sequelae -- 9.2.4.1 Reclaiming Your Life Assignments -- 9.2.4.2 Changing Meanings of Trauma by Updating Trauma Memories -- 9.2.4.3 Changing Appraisals of Trauma Sequelae -- 9.2.5 Memory Work to Reduce Reexperiencing -- 9.2.5.1 Imaginal Reliving and Narrative Writing -- 9.2.5.2 Identification and Discrimination of Triggers of Reexperiencing Symptoms -- 9.2.5.3 Site Visit -- 9.2.5.4 Imagery Work -- 9.2.6 Dropping Dysfunctional Behaviors and Cognitive Strategies -- 9.2.7 Duration of Treatment.

9.3 Special Challenges -- 9.3.1 Comorbidity -- 9.3.2 Dissociation -- 9.3.3 Multiple Trauma -- 9.3.4 Physical Problems -- 9.4 Evaluations of Cognitive Therapy for PTSD -- References -- 10: Cognitive Processing Therapy -- 10.1 Theoretical Underpinnings -- 10.2 Clinical Description of CPT -- 10.3 Special Challenges -- 10.4 Empirical Support -- References -- 11: EMDR Therapy for Trauma-Related Disorders -- 11.1 The Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) Model -- 11.2 Treatment Overview -- 11.2.1 Single Trauma -- 11.2.2 Developmental Trauma -- 11.3 Clinical Challenges -- 11.3.1 Children -- 11.3.2 Complex PTSD -- 11.3.3 Addictions -- 11.3.4 Military Personnel -- 11.4 Research -- References -- 12: Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET): Reorganizing Memories of Traumatic Stress, Fear, and Violence -- 12.1 The Theoretical Basis of NET: Trauma-Related Disorders Are Disorders of Memory -- 12.1.1 The Structure of Traumatic Memories -- 12.1.2 The Building Block Effect of Traumatic Load for Trauma-­Related Mental Illness -- 12.2 The Rationale and Logic of NET -- 12.3 NET Step by Step -- 12.3.1 Session 1: Diagnosis and Psychoeducation -- 12.3.2 Session 2: The Lifeline Exercise -- 12.3.3 Session 3: The Narration -- 12.3.4 Session 4 and Subsequent Sessions: Completing the Narration -- 12.3.5 Cognitive Restructuring and the Days After -- 12.3.6 Final Session of the NET Module -- 12.3.7 Follow-Up Period -- 12.3.8 Overview of the Therapeutic Elements of NET -- 12.4 NET as an Evidence-Based Treatment -- 12.5 Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- 13: Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy for PTSD -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Theoretical Underpinnings of BEPP -- 13.2.1 Acceptance of Emotions -- 13.2.2 Understanding the Meaning of Emotions -- 13.2.3 Facing the Often Horrific Reality of the Trauma -- 13.3 BEPP Protocol.

13.3.1 First Session: Psychoeducation -- 13.3.2 Sessions 2-6: Imaginal Exposure -- 13.3.3 Mementos and Letter Writing -- 13.3.4 Sessions 7-15: Meaning and Integration -- 13.3.5 Session 16: Farewell -- 13.4 Special Challenges -- 13.4.1 Choice of Trauma for Imaginal Exposure -- 13.4.2 Understanding the Rationale Is Vital -- 13.4.3 Avoidance of Writing -- 13.4.4 Therapist Skills -- 13.5 BEPP Research -- 13.5.1 BEPP in the Police Force -- 13.5.2 BEPP in General Outpatient Populations -- 13.5.3 Neurobiological Research -- 13.6 Conclusion -- References -- 14: STAIR Narrative Therapy -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Theoretical Underpinnings -- 14.2.1 The Role of Emotion Regulation and Relational Capacities as Contributors to Good Functioning -- 14.2.2 Social Bonds and Emotion Regulation More Broadly Considered -- 14.3 Description of the Protocol -- 14.3.1 History and Symptoms/Commitment to the Treatment (Session 1) -- 14.3.2 Identifying and Expressing Feelings (Sessions 2-4) -- 14.3.3 Interpersonal Schemas (Sessions 5-8) -- 14.3.4 Role-Playing (Sessions 5-8) -- 14.3.5 Narrative Therapy (Sessions 9-16) -- 14.4 Challenges to Implementing STAIR Narrative Therapy -- 14.5 Research -- References -- 15: Complicated Grief Treatment (CGT) for Prolonged Grief Disorder -- 15.1 Theoretical Underpinnings -- 15.2 How to Do CGT -- 15.2.1 Pretreatment Assessment -- 15.2.2 Sessions 1-3: Getting Started -- 15.2.3 Core Revisiting Sequence -- 15.2.4 Midcourse Review and Closing Sequence -- 15.3 Challenges in Implementing CGT -- 15.4 Our Complicated Grief Treatment Research -- References -- Part IV: Comorbidities -- 16: Trauma and Substance Abuse: A Clinician's Guide to Treatment -- 16.1 Various Models -- 16.2 Major Findings -- 16.3 Recommendations for Practice -- 16.4 Future Developments -- 16.5 Closing -- References.

17: Treating PTSD and Borderline Personality Disorder.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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