Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology.

Intro -- Beyond Markedness in Formal Phonology -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Markedness in substance-free and substance-dependent phonology -- 1. From Trubetzkoy to generative phonology -- 2. The concept of markedness in generative phonology -- 2.1 Simplicity, naturalness and markedness -- 2.2 The impotence of markedness theory -- 2.3 The epistemological basis of the markedness argument -- 2.4 Contemporary concepts of markedness -- 3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2. Contrast is irrelevant in phonology: A simple account of Russian /v/ as /V/ -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How Halle (1959) banned contrast -- 3. Voicing and sonorants -- 4. Appeals to contrast are opportunistic -- 5. Russian voicing patterns -- 5.1 Russian final devoicing -- 5.2 Notation -- 5.3 Feature changing final devoicing in two steps -- 5.4 Feature-changing assimilation in two steps -- 6. 'Inconsistent' /v/ is really /V/ -- 6.1 /V/ is a target of final devoicing -- 6.2 /V/ is not a trigger of voicing assimilation -- 6.3 /V/ is a target of voicing assimilation -- 6.4 Transmission of voicing via /V/ -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3. What are grammars made of? -- 1. Phonology and grammar -- 2. Phonological universals? -- 2.1 Distinctive features -- 2.2 The sonority hierarchy -- 2.3 The prosodic hierarchy -- 2.4 Replacing universals with non-universals -- 3. Markedness constraints? -- 3.1 Segment inventories: Are coronals unmarked? -- 3.2 Syllable types: Are open syllables unmarked? -- 4. What are grammars made of? -- References -- Chapter 4. Consonant epenthesis and markedness -- 1. Introduction -- 2. English r-epenthesis -- 3. Deletion -- 4. Markedness-based analyses -- 4.1 Glide formation -- 4.2 Contextual markedness -- 4.3 Markedness and defaults.

4.4 Correlating insertion and deletion via the P-map -- 5. Case study: rhotacism in English -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. On silent markedness -- 1. Empty positions in syntax -- 1.1 How to argue for silent syntactic elements -- 1.2 Taxonomies of empty elements in syntax -- 2. Empty positions in phonology -- 2.1 Empty nuclei as limited licensers -- 2.2 Schwa as almost empty -- 2.3 The relation between emptiness on different levels -- 3. Empirical tests -- 3.1 Silent markedness and simplex onsets -- 3.2 Silent markedness, RT and TR -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Author queries -- Chapter 6. The phonetic salience of phonological head-dependent structure in a modulated-carrier model of speech -- 1. Segmental and structural markedness -- 2. Syntactic structure and its phonetic realisation -- 3. Defining the notion of prominence -- 3.1 The sonority scale -- 3.2 The modulated carrier-signal -- 3.3 Head-dependent relations between syllable constituents -- 4. Phonological structure -- 4.1 Head-dependent structure in phonology -- 4.2 Head-dependency relations in the foot -- 4.3 Redefining head-dependency relations in the foot -- 4.4 Redefining head-dependency relations in the rhyme, the nucleus and the onset -- 5. Phonological structure: melody -- 5.1 Head-dependent relations in intra-segmental structure -- 5.2 More complex melodic compounds -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Author queries -- Chapter 7. Markedness and formalising phonological representations -- 1. Introduction - finding a definition and a role for markedness -- 1.1 SFP, modularity and markedness -- 2. Markedness and syllable structure -- 2.1 Formal markedness in phonology -- 3. Consonant clusters and markedness -- 3.1 Syllable structure markedness and CCs -- 3.2 Formalising a typology for CCs -- 3.3 Decision trees, empty nuclei and licensing in strict CV.

4. Demonstration, P&amp -- P decision tree and stepwise increase in markedness -- 4.1 CV only -- 4.2 Direct CCs before filled not before final empty -- 4.3 Indirect CCs but only before filled -- 4.4 Direct CCs also before final empty -- 4.5 Fully marked -- 5. Nodes in the decision tree and markedness -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Author queries -- Chapter 8. Are there brain bases for phonological markedness? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some thoughts about the scope of markedness -- 3. Some notions about brain bases and how they can be measured -- 3.1 fMRI studies -- 3.2 EEG studies -- 3.3 Stimulation studies -- 4. Linking markedness and the brain -- 4.1 Markedness and perceptual asymmetries: The case of underspecification -- 4.2 Markedness and co-occurrence constraints -- 4.3 Phonological markedness in relation to morphological markedness -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9. There is no place for markedness in biologically-informed phonology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Markedness -- 3. Biology -- 3.1 If markedness were unique -- 3.2 If markedness were not unique -- 4. A note on other notions, like Merge -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Author queries.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.