Parallel Corpora for Contrastive and Translation Studies : New Resources and Applications.

Intro -- Parallel Corpora for Contrastive and Translation Studies -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgments -- Parallel corpora in focus -- 1. Three decades of parallel corpora in linguistic studies -- 2. Processing and using today's parallel corpora: Some trends -- 2.1 The process perspective -- 2.2 The product perspective -- 3. Structure of this volume and presentation of contributions -- References -- Parallel corpora. Background and processing -- Comparable parallel corpora -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Comparable parallel corpora -- 3. Universals of translation -- 4. What makes parallel corpora comparable, and does size matter? -- 5. The sampling challenge of the NSPC -- 6. Testing of the gravitational pull hypothesis -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Living with parallel corpora -- 1. Parallel corpora and research on translation: Some landmarks -- 2. Parallel corpora and the study of translation: Potentials and limitations -- 2.1 Parallel vs. comparable corpora? -- 2.2 Advantages and uses of parallel corpora -- 3. Case study 1: Analysing the Translation of Meal Names with a Parallel Corpus as the Main Source of Data -- 4. Case study 2: Analysing the construction -'ment' adverb + adjective in Catalan translations with a parallel corpus as a supplementary source of data -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Working with parallel corpora -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Concepts -- 3. Resources -- 4. Uses of parallel corpora -- 5. Needs analysis -- 6. Parallel corpora: Building or using -- 7. Applications -- 8. Useful strategies -- 9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Innovations in parallel corpus alignment and retrieval -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Corpus annotations -- 2.1 General corpus annotation -- 2.2 Exploiting parallel corpora for annotation.

2.3 Language-specific corpus annotation -- 3. Aligning parallel corpora -- 4. Retrieval from parallel corpora -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Parallel corpora. Creation, annotation and access -- InterCorp -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Description of the corpus -- 2.1 The Spanish part of the corpus -- 3. Using the corpus -- 4. Specific tools: Translation equivalents database -- 5. Exploiting 'InterCorp' -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Corpus PaGeS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Components and content -- 3. Text preprocessing, textual mark-up and metadata -- 4. Alignment -- 5. Search and display features -- 6. Server architecture and publishing data -- 7. Summary and outlook -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Building EPTIC -- 1. Introduction: Why another corpus of European Parliament speeches? -- 2. What EPTIC looks like -- 2.1 One corpus, fourteen subcorpora -- 2.2 Practical details: Size and availability -- 3. Building EPTIC -- 3.1 Selecting and obtaining raw corpus materials -- 3.2 Transcribing the oral data -- 3.3 Adding metadata -- 3.4 Performing text-to-text alignment -- 3.5 Performing text-to-video alignment -- 3.6 POS-tagging, lemmatization and indexing -- 4. An example: English loan words in Italian and French -- 5. Conclusion: Teaming up -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Enriching parallel corpora with multimedia and lexical semantics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The CLUVI Corpus -- 2.1 Corpus description -- 2.2 Tagging the CLUVI Corpus -- 2.3 Extending the CLUVI Corpus with multimedia data -- 3. The SensoGal Corpus -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Discourse annotation in the MULTINOT corpus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The MULTINOT corpus -- 3. Annotation procedure -- 3.1 Selecting the "training" corpus -- 3.2 Instantiating the theory -- 3.3 Designing annotation schemes and guidelines.

3.4 Performing annotation experiments -- 3.5 Evaluating the annotations -- 3.6 Large-scale annotation of the whole corpus -- 4. Annotating thematization in English and Spanish -- 5. Annotating modality in English and Spanish -- 6. Annotating metadiscourse markers in English and Spanish -- 7. Summary and concluding remarks -- Acknowledgement -- References -- PEST -- 1. General -- 2. PEST corpus -- 3. The Russian-Finnish section: Can a parallel corpus be balanced? -- 4. Other sections of the corpus -- 4.1 The Sweden-Finland section -- 4.2 The Russia-Sweden section -- 4.3 Multilateral international treaties -- 5. Great expectations -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Indexation and analysis of a parallel corpus using CQPweb -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The corpora -- 3. Corpus compilation and indexation -- 3.1 Preparation of texts -- 3.2 Uploading the files to CQPweb -- Step 1: Creating directories -- Step 2: Encoding and indexing corpora in CWB -- Step 3: Aligning the subcorpora -- Step 4: Copying the files to CQPweb -- Step 5: Activating the corpora on the web interface -- 4. Corpus analysis -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- P-ACTRES 2.0 -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Description of the corpus -- 2.1 Composition -- 2.2 Building of the corpus: Computational procedure -- 2.2.1 Technologies -- 2.2.2 Workflow -- 2.2.3 User interface -- 2.3 P-ACTRES 1.0 VS P-ACTRES 2.0 -- 3. Usefulness and usability in cross-linguistic research -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- An overview of Basque corpora and the extraction of certain multi-word expressions from a translational corpus -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An overview of Basque corpora -- 3. Design, compilation and annotation of the Aleuska corpus -- 4. Extraction of MWEs -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Parallel corpora. Tools and applications.

Strategies for building high quality bilingual lexicons from comparable corpora -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pruning lexicons built through transitiviy -- 2.1 Basic assumptions -- 2.2 The pruning method -- 3. Pruning bilingual cognates -- 3.1 Basic assumptions -- 3.2 The pruning method -- 4. Experiments -- 4.1 Derivation by transitivity -- 4.2 Comparable corpora -- 4.2.1 Validation -- 4.2.2 Evaluation of the dictionaries generated by transitivity -- 4.3 Bilingual cognates -- 4.3.1 Existing resources -- 4.3.2 Size of the extracted lexicons -- 4.3.3 Evaluation of the cognate-based extraction -- 4.3.4 Error analysis -- 5. Conclusions and future work -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Discovering bilingual collocations in parallel corpora -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous research on bilingual collocation extraction -- 3. The proposed strategy -- 3.1 Extracting monolingual collocation candidates -- 3.2 Bilingual distributional semantics model -- 3.3 Bilingual alignment of monolingual collocations -- 4. Evaluation -- 4.1 Data -- 4.2 Monolingual extraction and bilingual alignment -- 4.3 Results -- 4.4 Error analysis -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Normalization of shorthand forms in French text messages using word embedding and machine translation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous work -- 3. Corpus and preprocessing -- 3.1 Corpus -- 3.2 Preprocessing -- 4. Methodologies, tools and experiments -- 4.1 Methodologies -- 4.2 Tools and experiments -- 'multivec' -- 'moses' -- 5. Results analysis -- 6. Conclusion -- 7. Future work -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Subject index.

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