Psychology of Learning and Motivation.

Front Cover -- The Psychology of Learning and Motivation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- One - Conducting an Eyewitness Lineup: How the Research Got It Wrong -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Eyewitness Reforms -- 2.1 Proper Choice of Lineup Fillers -- 2.2 Unbiased Instructions -- 2.3 Sequential Presentation -- 2.4 Proper Consideration of Confidence -- 2.5 Double-Blind Lineup Administration -- 3. Impact of the Reforms Misconstrued -- 3.1 Focus on Benefits, Discount Costs -- 3.2 Discriminability versus Response Bias -- 3.3 Measurement Issues -- 3.3.1 Diagnosticity Ratio -- 3.3.2 Point-Biserial Correlation -- 3.4 Role of Theory -- 4. Reevaluation of the Reforms -- 4.1 Decline Effects -- 4.2 Alternative Theoretical Formulations -- 4.2.1 Signal-Detection Alternative -- 4.2.2 Continuous or Discrete Mediation -- 4.2.3 Role for Recollection -- 4.3 Role for Confidence -- 5. Foundation for Next-Generation Reforms -- 5.1 Theory-Driven Research -- 5.2 Cost and Benefits -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Two - The Role of Context in Understanding Similarities and Differences in Remembering and Episodic Future Thinking -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Episodic Future Thought: The Concept -- 3. Similarities in Memory-Impaired Populations -- 3.1 Amnesia -- 3.2 Other Memory-Impaired Populations -- 4. Conceptual Issues -- 5. Individual Differences within Healthy Young Adults -- 5.1 Tendencies -- 5.2 Cognitive Abilities -- 6. Direct Contrasts of the Phenomenology of Remembering and Future Imagining within Healthy Young Adults -- 6.1 Vividness -- 6.2 Visual Perspective -- 7. Neural Correlates of Remembering and Episodic Future Thought -- 7.1 Positron Emission Tomography -- 7.2 Early fMRI Studies -- 7.3 fMRI Studies Focusing on Scenes.

8. The Important Role of Location Familiarity in Explaining Similarities between Remembering and Episodic Future Thought -- 9. The Important Role of Context in Explaining Differences between Remembering and Episodic Future Thought -- 10. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Three - Human Category Learning: Toward a Broader Explanatory Account -- 1. A Theoretical Analysis of Categorization -- 1.1 Traditional Artificial Classification Learning -- 1.2 Discriminative versus Generative Category Learning -- 2. DIVA: A Connectionist Generative Approach to Category Learning -- 2.1 Introducing the DIVA Model -- 2.2 Design Principles and Specifications of DIVA -- 2.3 What Does DIVA Entail for the Psychology of Category Learning? -- 2.4 Accounting for TACL with a Generative Approach Plus Focusing -- 3. Challenging the Reference Point Account of TACL -- 4. Beyond TACL -- 4.1 Alternatives to Learning Categories by Guessing the Category -- 4.2 Alternatives to Learning Categories One Example at a Time -- 5. A Brief Concluding Statement -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Four - Choice from among Intentionally Selected Options -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Luce Choice Rule -- 3. Empirical Arguments against Luce Choice -- 4. Social Influences on Learning -- 5. A Model of Choosing among Intentionally Selected Options -- 5.1 Feature Utilities -- 5.2 Commonality -- 5.3 Feature Relevance -- 5.3.1 The Intentional Selection Assumption -- 5.4 Choice among Options -- 6. Examples, Revisited -- 6.1 Compromise Effect -- 6.2 Similarity Effect -- 6.3 Attraction Effect -- 6.4 New Empirical Predictions -- 7. Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Five - Embodied Seeing: The Space Near the Hands -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Future Hand Movements -- 2.1 Attentional Enhancement Near the Hand -- 2.2 Inhibited Disengagement of Attention -- 2.3 Enhanced Cognitive Control.

2.4 Figure-Ground Segregation -- 2.5 Visual Processing Channels -- 2.6 Emotional Stimuli -- 2.7 Summary -- 3. Present Hand Movements -- 3.1 Spatial Effects -- 3.2 Illusions -- 3.3 Grasping, Pointing, and Reaching -- 3.4 Natural Objects -- 3.5 Perceived Distance is Affected by Extensions of the Hands -- 3.6 Movement Effort Affects Perceived Distance -- 3.7 Summary -- 4. Past Hand Movements -- 4.1 The Action Effect -- 4.2 Effects of Athletic Performance -- 4.3 Summary -- 5. Defensive Behaviors versus Movement Control -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Six - The Analysis of Visual Cognition in Birds: Implications for Evolution, Mechanism, and Representation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Comparative Psychology of Early Vision -- 2.1 Dimensional Grouping Processes in Pigeons -- 2.2 Shape-from-Shading in Birds -- 2.3 Conclusions and Implications -- 3. Comparative Psychology of Emergent Stimulus Processing -- 3.1 Hierarchical Stimulus Processing in Pigeons -- 3.2 The Processing of Emergent Structure in Random Noise by Pigeons -- 3.3 Perception of Glass Patterns in Starlings -- 3.4 Conclusions and Implications -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- Contents Of Previous Volumes.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.