Pollination : Mechanisms, Ecology and Agricultural Advances.

Intro -- POLLINATION -- MECHANISMS, ECOLOGYAND AGRICULTURAL ADVANCES -- BOTANICAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICES -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Pollination Strategies: The Point of View of Plants -Personal Experiences and Review of the Literature -- Abstract -- References -- Pollination Mechanisms in Passiflora Species: The Common and the Rare Flowers -Ecological Aspects and Implications for Horticulture -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- 1. Floral Architecture and Function -- 2. Floral Pieces Movements, Floral Stages and Implications in Pollination -- 3. The Approach to the Flowers: Floral Orientation -- 4. Floral Architecture Variants and their Relation with Pollinator Size and Behaviour -- 5. Structural Flower Class and Pollen Transfer -- 6. Anthesis, Flowering Period, Inter-Plant Distance: Attraction and Resource Availability -- 7. Rare Flower Types -- 7.1. Non-Bending Styles'Flowers -- 7.1.1. Case Study 1: P. caerulea -- 7.2. Non-Dehiscent Anthers Flowers -- 7.3. Case Study 2: Non-Bending Styles'Flowers and Non-Dehiscent Anthers'Flowers: P. misera -- 7.4. Floral Traits Associated with Lack of Styles Movements -- 7.5. Pollination and Fertilization Problems. Implications for Horticulture -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Pollen Tube Growth and Ovule Abortion in Olea Europaea (Oleaceae): A Case of Ovule Selection? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Plant Materials and Methods -- Pollen Tube Growth Measurements -- Ovule Viability Assessment -- Fruiting Versus Fruiting-Prevented Plants -- Fertilized Versus Non-Fertilized Flowers -- Plants with Similar Level of Fertilization and Different Functional Ovule Growth Rates -- Results -- Seed Pattern Determinants -- Fruiting Versus Fruiting-Prevented Plants -- Fertilized Versus Non-Fertilized Flowers.

Plants with a Similar Level of Fertilization and Different Functional Ovule Growth Rates -- Discussion -- References -- Application of Airborne Pollen Data to Agronomical Research -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phenology -- 3. Agricultural Productivity -- 4. Aerobiology and Plant Pathology -- References -- 2n Pollen Formation: 40 Cytological Mechanisms of Nuclear Meiotic Restitution* -- 1. Normal Cytoskeleton Dynamics during Pollen Mother Cells Meiotic Division -- 1.1. Cytoskeleton Cycle during First Meiosis with Successive Cytokinesis in Monocotyledonous Species -- 1.2. Cytoskeleton Cycle in Male Meiosis in Dicotyledonous Species with Simultaneous Cytokinesis -- 1.3. Simultaneous and Successive Cytokinesis Compared -- 2. Prophase Abnormalities as the Reason for Meiotic Restitution -- 2.1. Cytoskeleton Conservation in the Interphase Radial Configuration -- 2.2. Fused Spindle. Approachment of Nuclei at Prophase II of Meiosis with Simultaineous Cytokinesis in Dicotyledonous Species -- 2.3. Fused Spindle. Fusion of Cytoskeleton Perinuclear Rings at Prophase II -- 2.4. Cortical Cytoskeleton Ring and Meiotic Restitution -- 2.5. Autonomous Cytoskeleton Ring -- 2.6. Chromosome Arrest in the Zygothene ''Bouquet" Configuration: Monopolar Chromosome Migration in a Bipolar Spindle -- 3. Early Prometaphase Abnormalities Leading to Nuclear Restitution -- 3.1. Cytoskeleton Conservation in the Perinuclear Ring Configuration -- 3.2 Aberration in Straightening of Microtubules of Perinuclear Ring: C-Spindle -- 3.3 Arrest of Cytoskeleton Invading the Former Nuclear Area -- 4. Mid Prometaphase Abnormalities and Meiotic Restitution -- 4.1. Monopolar Spindle -- 4.2. Autonomous Spindle -- 4.3. Chromosomes Monopolar Migration in a Bipolar Spindle "Comet" Phenotype.

4.4. Fused Spindle. Approachment and Fusion of Cytoskeleton Chaotic Figures at Mid-Prometaphase II in PMCs with Simultaneous Cytokinesis in Dicots -- 5. Abnormalities of Late Prometaphase as a Meiotic Restitution Mechanism -- 5.1. Chaotic Spindle -- 5.2. Spindle Disorientation at Metaphase II in the Meiosis with Simultaineous Cytokinesis in Dicots -- 6. Anaphase Abnormalities that Lead to Meiotic Restitution -- 6.1. Aberration of Anaphase Chromosome Movement -- 6.2. Spindle Shortening During Anaphase -- 7. Cytoskeleton Abnormalities at Telophase and Meiotic Restitution -- 7.1. Arrest of Basic Telophase Processes -- 7.2. Complete Arrest of Cytokinetic Processes at Early Phragmoplast Stage -- 7.3. Arrest at Early Phragmoplast Stage with Element of Centrifugal Movement: Gamma-Phenotype -- 7.4. Consolidation of Laggard Chromosomes into the Restitution Nucleus -- 7.5. Arrest of Phragmoplast Development at the Stage of Hollow Cylinder -- 7.6. Excessive Curvature of Phragmoplast Fibers during Centrifugal Movement -- 7.7. Aberration of Phragmoplast Centrifugal Movement -- 7.8. Arrest of Radial Cytoskeleton System Formation at TII (in ''Parallel Spindles'' Phenotype) in the Simultaineous Cytokinesis in the Dicot PMCs -- 7.9. Fused Spindles. Underformation of Cytoskeleton Interzonal System at Telophase I -- 7.10. Fused Spindles. Aberration of Fibers of Interzonal Cytoskeleton System -- 8. Cell Plate Abnormalities Leading to Meiotic Restitution -- 8.1. Absence of Cell Plate -- 8.2. Rotation of Phragmoplast on the Background of Cell Plate Absence -- 8.3. Aberration of Cell Plate Shape and Structure -- 8.4. Arrest of Plastosomes (Cell Plate Membrane Vesicules) Fusion -- 8.5. Longtitudinal Orientation of Cell Plate and Daughter Cell Membranes According to Division Axis -- 9. Incomplete Cytokinesis as Incisions on the Mother Cell Membrane and its Consequences.

9.1. Assymmetrical Position of the Division Spindle and Phragmoplast -- 9.2. Spindle Curvature -- 9.3. Cytoskeleton Disorganization -- 9.4. Abnormal Phragmoplast/Cell Plate Expansion -- 9.5. Under Asymmetrical Phragmoplast Movement in the Lateral Direction -- 9.6. Cell Plate Dispersion -- 9.7. In Phenotypes with Cell Plate Structure Aberrations (P. 8.3), Incomplete Cytokinesis as Incisions is a Common Phenomenon -- 9.8. Cytokinesis Correction in the Gamma-Phenotype -- 10. General Meiotic Abnormalities Leading to Restitution -- 10.1. Omission of one or Both of Meiotic Divisions -- 10.2. Equational Division of Univalents in the First Meiotic Division and Failure of Chromosomes Segregation at the Second Meiosis -- 10.3. Cytomixis -- 10.4. Cytokinesis Aberrations in the Last Premeiotic Mitosis -- 10.5. Backward Movement of Daughter Chromosome Groups from the Spindle Poles into the Cell Center -- Discussion -- Meiotic Restituion Mechanisms Typical of only Species with Successive Cytokinesis -- Meiotic Restitution Mechanisms Typical of only Species with Simultaneous Cytokinesis -- Meiotic Restitution Mechanisms Common for Mono- and Dicotyledonous Species -- General Review of Meiotic Restitution Cytoskeleton Mechanisms -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Orbicules in Relation to the Pollination Modes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Species Studied -- Methods -- Results -- Orbicule and Pollen Grain Exine Morphology -- Juglans Australis Gris -- Plantago Tomentosa Lam -- Piper Nigrum L -- Eleusine Tristachya (Lam.) Lam -- Briza Subaristata Lam -- Distichlis Spicata (L.) Greene -- Solanum Granulosum-Leprosum Dun -- Pyrostegia Venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers -- Ceiba Insignis (Kunth) Gibbs &amp -- Semir -- Sida Rombifolia L -- Modiolastrum Malvifolium (Griseb.) K. Schum -- Jacaranda Mimosifolia D. Don -- Eryngium Coronatum Hook. Et Arn.

Eryngium Pandanifolium Cham. &amp -- Schtdl -- Conclusion -- References -- INDEX.

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