Equality Law in the Workplace.

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Table of Cases -- Table of Statutes -- Table of Statutory Instruments -- Table of European Legislation -- Table of Charters, Conventions and Treaties -- Table of Constitutions -- Part A: The Framework of Employment Equality Law -- Chapter 1: Institutions and Agencies of the EU and Ireland -- Introduction -- European Union Institutions -- The Council of the European Union -- The European Commission -- The European Parliament -- The Court of Justice of the European Union -- Irish institutions -- Chapter 2: The Irish Constitution -- Introduction -- Article 40.1 -- All persons are equal before the law -- Permitted constitutional aspects of inequality -- Onus to prove justification -- Chapter 3: European Union Law -- EU law as the primary source of Irish equality law -- Defrenne and double aim of Art 157 TFEU -- The Equality Directives -- Article 13 Directives -- The Recast Directive -- Mainstreaming -- The European Convention on Human Rights -- Definition of discrimination -- Direct discrimination -- Indirect discrimination -- Discrimination by association -- Harassment by association -- Permitted discrimination -- Current interpretation of EU Legislation -- Chapter 4: The Employment Equality Acts 1998-2011 -- Background -- Scope of the Employment Equality Acts -- Definition of 'employee' -- Independent contractors -- Agency workers and employment agencies -- Collective agreements -- Illegal contracts -- Prohibited conduct -- Defining discrimination -- The need for a comparator -- Hypothetical comparator -- Comparable situation -- Categories of discrimination -- Direct discrimination -- Discrimination by association -- Indirect discrimination -- Discrimination by imputation -- Part B: Recruitment, Employment and Redundancy -- Chapter 5: Pre-Employment Equality Issues -- Introduction.

Advertisements -- Shortlisting and selection for interview -- Minimum and maximum periods of experience -- Interviews -- Interview panels -- Job descriptions and minimum qualifications -- Application forms -- Post-interview feedback -- Conditions precedent -- Pre-employment medicals -- References -- Background and criminal record checks -- Alcohol and drug testing -- Conclusions -- Chapter 6: Aspects of the Employment Relationship -- The contract of employment -- Collective agreements -- Collective bargaining -- Terms and conditions of employment -- Promotions and seniority -- Chapter 7: Victimisation -- Introduction -- Cause of action in its own right -- Scope of victimisation -- Significance of a claim of victimisation -- Summary -- Chapter 8: Harassment and Sexual Harassment -- Introduction -- Applicable legislation -- EU law -- Irish legislation -- Categories of harassment and sexual harassment -- Harassment by non-employees -- Sexual harassment outside the workplace -- Verbal harassment -- Harassment and age -- Harassment and sexual orientation -- Breach of contract -- Bullying -- Criminal offences -- Vicarious liability -- Defences -- Importance of a policy on harassment -- Investigation of complaints -- Need for independence -- External investigators -- Issues arising in investigations -- Cross-examination of witnesses -- Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Equal Pay -- Introduction -- The EU and equal pay -- Irish position on equal pay -- Preliminary requirements -- Comparators -- Same or associated employer -- Like work -- Indirect discrimination -- Definition of pay -- Entitlement to equal pay on other discriminatory grounds -- Defences -- Market forces -- Cost -- Collective agreements -- Red-circling -- Seniority and length of service -- Disability and equal pay -- Redress and equal pay -- Part-time workers and equal pay -- Pensions and equal pay.

Severance packages and equal pay -- Conclusions -- Chapter 10: Post Employment Equality Issues -- Introduction -- Selection for redundancy -- Severance packages -- Issuing references -- Bringing a claim -- Part C: Discrimination: The Nine Grounds -- Chapter 11: Gender -- Introduction -- Male gender discrimination -- Pregnancy and maternity -- Payment of sick pay during pregnancy -- Change of duties and health and safety leave during pregnancy -- Right to return to work after a period of protective leave -- Alternative working arrangements on return from maternity leave -- Less favourable treatment after maternity leave -- Contact during maternity leave -- Redundancy during maternity leave -- Pregnancy-related dismissals -- Dismissal of agency workers during pregnancy -- Burden of proof in pregnancy-related dismissals -- Non-renewal of a fixed-term contract during maternity -- Surrogacy and adoptive leave -- Dress codes -- Transgender employees -- Gender Recognition Advisory Group -- Exemptions -- Genuine occupational requirement -- Gardaí and prison service -- Chapter 12: Civil Status -- Introduction -- Case law -- Exemptions -- Genuine occupational requirement -- Religious ethos -- Chapter 13: Family Status -- Definition -- Case law -- Alternative working arrangements -- Exemptions -- Chapter 14: Sexual Orientation -- Introduction -- Harassment -- Disclosure of sexual orientation -- Summary -- Exemptions -- Chapter 15: Religious Belief -- Introduction -- Defining religion and belief -- Defining 'religion' -- Relationship between religion and human rights -- Relationship between religion, race and ethnicity -- Defining 'belief' -- Framework Directive and Employment Equality Acts -- Direct discrimination -- Indirect discrimination -- Comparators -- Harassment -- Victimisation -- The 'religion' and 'belief' ground.

Manifestation or promotion of religious beliefs in the workplace -- Religious dress and symbols -- Conscientious objectors -- Exemptions -- Ethos of an institution -- Section 37(1)(a -- Section 37(1)(b) -- Definition of 'ethos' -- Reasonable accommodation -- General occupational requirement -- Chapter 16: Age -- EU law -- Irish legislation -- Comparators -- Minimum age difference -- Direct discrimination -- Indirect discrimination -- Objective justification -- Scope of the prohibition on age discrimination -- Promotion -- Pay scales and length of service -- Termination of employment -- Retirement -- Redundancy -- Selection for redundancy -- Severance payments -- Chapter 17: Disability -- Models of disability -- Medical model of disability -- Social model of disability -- Definition and scope of disability -- European Union -- Ireland -- Summary: scope and definition of disability -- Direct disablity discrimination -- Comparators -- Causal link and connection -- Summary: direct discrimination -- Indirect disability discrimination -- Disability discrimination by association -- Reasonable accommodation -- Scope of reasonable accommodation -- A cause of action in its own right -- Importance of procedures -- Examples of appropriate measures -- Countervailing measures to ameliorate disadvantage -- Disproportionate burden on employer -- Summary: reasonable accommodation -- Exemptions -- Genuine occupational requirement -- Educational, technical or professional qualifications -- Exemptions relating to various professions, vocations or occupations -- Alternative and lower rates of pay -- Prison service, gardaí or emergency services -- Defences -- Health and safety -- Chapter 18: Race -- Introduction -- Race discrimination in EU law -- Definition of race discrimination in the Employment Equality Acts -- Ethnic origin -- Direct discrimination.

Indirect discrimination -- Irish language requirements -- References -- Access to educational/vocational courses -- English language requirement -- Employment documentation in English -- Discrimination by association -- Comparators -- Hypothetical comparators -- Discriminatory dismissal -- Work permits and illegal contracts -- Bullying and harassment -- Exemptions -- Vocational training -- Residency/citizenship -- Genuine occupational requirement -- Chapter 19: Membership of the Traveller Community -- Introduction -- Case law -- Harassment on the Traveller ground -- Part D: Enforcing Equality Rights -- Chapter 20: Taking a Claim -- Introduction -- Time limits -- Extension of time limits -- Continuing discrimination and time limits -- Summary -- Frivolous or vexatious claims -- Striking out claims not pursued -- Forms -- Form EE2 and the drawing of inferences -- Amending complaints or complaint forms -- Chapter 21: The Burden of Proof -- Introduction -- EU and Irish context on the burden of proof -- The test in practice -- Establishing a prima facie case of discrimination -- Rebutting a prima facie case of discrimination -- Burden of proof on the gender ground -- Burden of proof on the race ground -- Burden of proof on the age ground -- Burden of proof on the religion ground -- Chapter 22: Remedies and Costs -- Remedies -- Gender discrimination: Circuit Court -- Breach of contract -- Alternative remedies -- Alternative avenues of redress -- Costs -- Appeals -- Settlement/compromise agreements -- Appendix 1: Workplace relations complaint form -- Appendix 2: Form EE1 -- Appendix 3: Form EE2 -- Employment Equality Act, 1998 (Section 76 - Right To Information) Regulations 1999 -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.