Nanomaterial Research Strategy.

Intro -- NANOMATERIAL RESEARCH STRATEGY -- NANOMATERIAL RESEARCH STRATEGY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 DRAFT NANOMATERIAL RESEARCH STRATEGY (NRS) -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- 1.0. INTRODUCTION1 -- 2.0. BACKGROUND -- 2.1. US National Nanotechnology Initiative -- 2.2. Environment, Health, and Safety Focus -- 2.3. EPA Regulatory Role -- 2.4. ORB Research Accomplishments -- 2.4.1. ORB Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program -- 2.4.2. ORD's In-house Research Program -- 2.5. Collaboration/ Leveraging -- 3.0. RESEARCH STRATEGY OVERVIEW -- 3.1. ORB Scientific Expertise Applied to Nanomaterials2 -- 3.1.1. Fate and Transport Expertise and Capabilities -- 3.1.2. Human and Ecological Effects Expertise and Capabilities -- 3.1.3. Computational Toxicology Expertise and Capabilities -- 3.1.4. Risk Assessment Expertise and Capabilities -- 3.1.5. Source Characterization and Risk Management Expertise and Capabilities -- 3.1.6. Exposure Expertise and Capabilities -- 3.2. Strategic Direction of Research Themes and Science Questions -- Research Theme: Sources, Fate, Transport, and Exposure -- Research Theme: Human Health and Ecological Research to Inform Risk Assessment and Test Methods -- Research Theme: Risk Assessment -- Research Theme: Preventing and Mitigating Risks -- 4.0. RESEARCH THEMES -- 4.1. Research Theme: Sources, Fate, Transport, and Exposure -- 4.1.1. Key Science Question 1: Which nanomaterials have a high potential for release from a life-cycle perspective? -- 4.1.1.1. Background/Program Relevance -- 4.1.1.2. Research Activities -- High-potential industries/processes -- Identification/characterization of potentially released materials -- Entry point into the environment -- 4.1.1.3. Anticipated Outcomes.

4.1.2. Key Science Question 2: What technologies exist, can be modified, or must be developed to detect and quantify engineered nanomaterials in environmental media and biological samples? -- 4.1.2.1. Background/ Program Relevance -- 4.1.2.2. Research Activities -- 4.1.2.3. Anticipated Outcomes -- 4.1.3 Key Science Question 3: What are the major processes/properties that govern the environmental fate of engineered nanomaterials, and how are these related to physical and chemical properties of those materials? -- 4.1.3.1. Background/Program Relevance -- 4.1.3.2. Research Activities -- Understand the processes that govern the fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials -- Understand the physical and chemical properties of engineered nanomaterials and how they influence fate and transport processes -- Develop predictive models for transport of engineered nanomaterials -- 4.1.3.3. Anticipated Outcomes -- 4.1.4. Key Science Question 4: What are the exposures that will result from releases of engineered nanomaterials? -- 4.1.4.1. Background/ Program Relevance -- 4.1.4.2. Research Activities -- Collaboration to further identify the exposure pathways of engineered nanomaterials -- 4.1.4.3. Anticipated Outcomes -- 4.2. Research Theme: Human Health and Ecological Effects Research to Inform Risk Assessments and Test Methods -- 4.2.1. Key Science Question 5: What are the effects of engineered nanomaterials and their applications on human and ecological receptors, and how can these effects best be quantified and predicted? -- 4.2.2. Background/Program Relevance -- 4.2.3. Research Activities -- Ecological effects -- 4.2.4. Anticipated Outcomes -- 4.3. Research Theme: Developing Risk Assessment Methods -- 4.3.1. Key Science Question 6: Do Agency risk assessment approaches need to be amended to incorporate special characteristics of engineered nanomaterials?.

4.3.2. Background/Program Relevance -- 4.3.3. Research Activities -- 4.3.4. Anticipated Outcomes -- 4.4. Research Theme: Preventing and Managing Risks -- 4.4.1 Key Science Question 7: What technologies or practices can be applied to minimize risks of engineered nanomaterials throughout their life cycle, and how can nanotechnologys' beneficial uses be maximized to protect the environment? -- 4.4.2. Background/Program Relevance -- 4.4.3. Research Activities -- Materials modification to support green manufacturing of nanomaterials -- Waste/byproduct minimization -- Application of nanomaterials to reduce environmental risks -- 4.4.4. Anticipated Outcomes -- 5.0. IMPLEMENTATION, RESEARCH LINKAGES, AND COMMUNICATION -- Implementation -- Selection of Primary Engineered Nanomaterials - Initial Focus for Study -- Linkages to Related Federal Research -- 6.0. REFERENCES -- APPENDIX A. RELATIONSHIP OF ORD RESEARCH STRATEGY TO EPA WHITE PAPER RESEARCH NEEDS (CURRENT RESEARCH (CR), SHORT-TERM RESEARCH (SR), AND LONG-TERM RESEARCH (LT)) -- APPENDIX B. DESCRIPTION OF EPA OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY: ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES -- IMPORTANCE OF ADDRESSING EHS ISSUES -- SELECTED ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION -- Federal Investment in EHS Research -- Current Funding Level -- Alternative Approaches -- Management of Federal EHS Research -- Federal Regulation -- International Engagement -- CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- NANOTECHNOLOGY EHS-RELATED LEGISLATION IN THE 111TH CONGRESS -- H.R. 554-National Nanotechnology Initiative Amendments Act of 2009 -- H.R. 820-Nanotechnology Advancement and New Opportunities Act -- APPENDIX A. SELECTED NANOTECHNOLOGY EHS ACTIVITIES OF FEDERAL REGULATORY AGENCIES -- Environmental Protection Agency.

Food and Drug Administration -- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Toxicology Program -- Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health -- Consumer Product Safety Commission -- APPENDIX B. SELECTED INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT EFFORTS OF NNI AGENCIES -- End Notes -- CHAPTER SOURCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.

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