Microalgae as a Source of Bioenergy : Products, Processes and Economics.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- Part I Energy from Microalgae: Products and Processes -- Perspectives of Energy Production from Microalgae: The Biodiesel and Cogeneration Cases -- Carlos A. Cardona*, Daniela Parra and Sebastián Serna -- INTRODUCTION -- Microalgae for Energy Production -- Biofuel Production Processes from Microalgae -- Biochemical Conversion -- Anaerobic Digestion -- Alcoholic Fermentation -- Photobiological Hydrogen Production -- Thermochemical Conversion -- Algal Biomass to Biodiesel -- Biorefineries -- Challenges in the Use of Microalgae for Energy Production -- SCENARIOS ANALYSIS: SIMULATION FOR COGENERATION AND BIODIESEL CASES -- Cogeneration from Extraction Cake Residues -- Biodiesel Production Using Basic Catalysis -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Energetic Products from Microalgae: Bioethanol -- Choon Gek Khoo1, Man Kee Lam2,* and Keat Teong Lee1 -- OVERVIEW ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT -- BIOETHANOL FROM MICROALGAE -- EFFECT OF CULTIVATION CONDITIONS TO IMPROVE CARBO-HYDRATE PRODUCTION -- Effect of Sulfur -- Effect of Nitrogen -- Effect of Phosphorus -- Effect of Carbon Source -- Inorganic Carbon -- Organic Carbon -- Light Intensity -- CARBOHYDRATE IN MICROALGAE -- Cellulose -- Starch -- MICROALGAE BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION -- PRE-TREATMENT &amp -- HYDROLYSIS -- Physical Pre-treatment -- Chemical Pre-Treatment -- Enzymatic Pre-treatment -- FERMENTATION PROCESS -- Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation (SHF) -- Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) -- Microorganism for Fermentation of Microalgae Biomass -- PRODUCTS RECOVERY -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Bioethanol Production Process -- Fabiana Regina Xavier Batista*, Juliana de Souza Ferreira and Vicelma Luiz Cardoso.

DIFFERENT ROUTES TO ETHANOL PRODUCTION -- MICROALGAE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION -- General Algae Information -- Brown and Green Algae Used as Feedstock -- Self Fermentation or Intracellular Bioethanol Production Excreted to Supernatant -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE USE OF ALGAE RELATED TO BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Methane Production Process for Microalgae Conversion -- Martin Pablo Caporgno, Esther Torrens and Christophe Bengoa* -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOGAS FROM MICROALGAE: THE HISTORY -- THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS -- Parameters Affecting AD of Microalgae -- Substrate Characteristics -- Mixing -- Retention Time -- Temperature -- Alkalinity and pH -- Nutrients -- Other Causes of Inhibition -- LIMITATIONS OF MICROALGAE AS SUBSTRATES FOR AD -- Resistance of the Cell Walls -- Microalgae Concentration -- Carbon:Nitrogen Ratio -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Microalgae, Taking Over the Role in the Hydrogen Future -- Suphi S. Oncel* -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROALGAE: WHEN AND WHY -- MICROALGAE: A PHOTOSYNTHETIC GREEN FACTORY -- MICROALGAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CONSIDERING BOTH PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES -- MICROALGAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: THE PHOTOBIOREACTORS -- MICROALGAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION SUCCESS STORY: THE CHLAMYDOMONAS CASE -- MICROALGAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION: KEYS FOR THE FUTURE -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Algal Production Platforms -- Alessandro Marco Lizzul1,* and Aitor Lekuona-Amundarain2 -- INTRODUCTION -- IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS -- Lighting -- Mixing and Mass Transfer -- Control Systems and Construction Materials -- CULTIVATION SYSTEMS -- Pond Based Systems -- Plate Based Systems -- Horizontal Tubular Systems -- Bubble Columns -- Airlift Reactors.

PHOTOBIOREACTOR DESIGN SUMMARY -- PHOTOBIOREACTOR USE FOR BIOFUELS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Use of Flue Gas as Carbon Source -- Jorge Alberto V. Costa1, Adriano S. A. Henrard2, Luiza Moraes1, Etiele G. Morais1, Igor S. Gonçalves2 and Michele G. Morais2* -- INTRODUCTION -- GLOBAL WARMING AND GREENHOUSE GASES -- MEASURES FOR GREENHOUSE GASES REDUCTION -- CYCLIC MICROALGAE PRODUCTION PROCESS -- POTENTIAL USE OF FLUE GASES IN MICROALGAE CULTIVATION -- FACTORS INFLUENCING CO2 FIXATION FROM FLUE GAS BY MICROALGAE -- Microalgae Strains -- CO2 Concentration in Flue Gas -- pH -- NOX, SOX and Particulate Materials -- Temperature and Light -- Mass Transfer in Bioreactors -- Bioreactor Application in CO2 Fixation by Microalgae -- CO2 BIOFIXATION METABOLISM -- BIOPRODUCTS FROM MICROALGAL BIOMASS GROWN WITH FLUE GAS -- Biofuels -- Biopigments -- Biopolymers -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Harvesting, Thickening and Dewatering Processes -- Dries Vandamme* -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFECTIVE MICROALGAE HARVESTING -- MULTI-STAGE APPROACH OF HARVESTING, THICKENING AND DEWATERING -- COAGULATION-FLOCCULATION-SEDIMENTATION -- Coagulation Mechanisms -- Chemical Flocculation -- Auto/Alkaline Flocculation -- Electro-coagulation -- Bioflocculation -- Enhanced Settling -- FLOTATION -- CENTRIFUGATION -- FILTRATION -- Screening -- Membrane Filtration -- COMPARING HARVESTING METHODS -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Oil Extraction Processes in Microalgae -- Mengyue Gong, Yulin Hu, Shreyas Yedahalli and Amarjeet Bassi* -- INTRODUCTION -- GENETIC ENGINEERING OF MICROALGAE FOR ENHANCEMENT OF LIPID PRODUCTION -- Lipid Production in Microalgae - Mechanism -- EXTRACTION OF LIPIDS FROM MICROALGAE -- Conventional Solvent Extraction.

Super-/Sub-Critical Solvent Extraction -- Ionic Liquid Extraction -- Novel Approaches -- CELL DISRUPTION -- Mechanical Disruption Methods -- Grinding -- Bead Milling -- High Pressure Homogenizer -- Physical or Chemical Methods -- Steam Explosion -- Autoclave -- Enzymatic Hydrolysis -- Osmotic Shock, Acid/ Alkaline Treatment -- Recent Approaches for Lipid Extraction from Microalgae -- Microwave -- Ultrasonication -- Pulsed Electric Field -- Comparison of Various Methods -- CONVERSION OF MICROALGAE TO BIO-OIL USING HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part II: Production and Economics in Microalgal Applications -- Research and Deployment of Renewable Bioenergy Production from Microalgae -- Lieve M.L. Laurens* and Melodie Chen-Glasser -- INTRODUCTION -- CURRENT AND PROJECTED FUTURE ENERGY LANDSCAPE -- PROMISE AND OPPORTUNITY FOR ALGAE TECHNOLOGY -- INTERNATIONAL BIOFUELS POLICY -- GLOBAL SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH AND COMMERCIAL DEPLOYMENT -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Current Production of Microalgae at Industrial Scale -- Luis G. Ramírez-Mérida1, Leila Queiroz Zepka2 and Eduardo Jacob-Lopes2,* -- INTRODUCTION -- ELEMENTS OF MICROALGAL CULTURE -- MICROALGAL BIOREACTORS -- OPERATIONAL MODES TO MICROALGAE CULTURE -- INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF MICROALGAL-BASED PRODUCTS -- COMPARISON BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL ROUTES (OPEN VS. CLOSED SYSTEMS) -- FRONTIERS IN INDUSTRIAL PHOTOBIOREACTORS -- THE BIOECONOMY OF MICROALGAE-BASED PROCESSES AT INDUSTRIAL SCALE -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Environmental Applications of Microalgae: CO2 Capture and Nutrient Recycling -- Meng Wang* -- INTRODUCTION -- N AND P REMOVAL BY ALGAE -- Mechanism of N and P Utilization by Algae.

Impact of N on Intercellular and Extracellular Compounds Production -- REACTOR CONFIGURATIONS -- Open Pond Systems -- Closed Photobioreactors -- Immobilized Algal Cultivation Systems (Algal Biofilm Reactors) -- Enhanced Algal - Prokaryotic Wastewater Treatment Systems (EAPS) for N Removal -- A CASE STUDY ON NUTRIENT RECYCLE IN A CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATIONS (CAFOS) ADAPTING ALGAL-BASED WASTEWATER TREATMENT -- CO2 CAPTURE BY ALGAE -- Impact of pH and CO2 on Algae Growth -- Factors Affecting the Gas Transfer Efficiency -- Gas Supply Systems -- Airlift Photobioreactor -- Membrane Sparged Systems -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Maximising Value: The Bio-Refinery Concept -- Darren L. Oatley-Radcliffe1,2,*, Thea Ekins-Coward1 and Robert W. Lovitt1,2 -- INTRODUCTION -- THE QUEST FOR SUSTAINABLE ALGAL MANUFACTURING -- ARE HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS FROM ALGAL SOURCES REALISABLE? -- ASTAXANTHIN AS A MODEL PRODUCT -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Energy and Economic Challenges in the Growth and Harvesting of Microalgae. The Chlorella vulgaris Case -- Daissy Lorena Restrepo Serna, Juan Carlos Higuita Vásquez and Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate* -- CULTURE OF MICROALGAE TODAY -- Microalgae and their Importance -- Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris -- Applications -- CHALLENGES IN THE PROCESS OF OIL EXTRACTION FROM MICROALGAE -- Culture Stage -- Harvesting Stage -- Extraction Stage -- PROCESS DESIGN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OIL FROM MICROALGAE -- Conditions for the Culture Medium -- Definition of the Harvesting Process -- Oil Extraction Method -- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS PRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- Definition of Variables for the Simulation Procedure -- Equipment Description -- ANALYSIS OF THE YIELDS COMPARED WITH LITERATURE -- Economic Analysis -- CONCLUSION.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.