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A Grammar of Unua.

By: Material type: TextTextSeries: Pacific Linguistics [PL] SeriesPublisher: Basel/Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter, Inc., 2015Copyright date: ©2015Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (616 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781614516590
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: A Grammar of UnuaDDC classification:
  • 499/.5
LOC classification:
  • PL6329.5 -- .P43 2015eb
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Data coding -- 1. Jirvaren: Stories and oral histories -- 2. Unua speakers -- 3. Trudinger data -- 4. Unua religious texts. -- 5. Abbreviations -- 6. List of tables -- Maps -- Photos: Unua people. -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- 1.1. Unua -- 1.2. Unua data -- 1.2.1. Earlier sources -- 1.2.2. Recent data collection -- 1.3. Unua and its neighbours -- Chapter 2 - Phonology -- 2.1. Phonemes -- 2.1.1. Consonants -- 2.1.2. Vowels -- 2.2. Orthographic symbols -- 2.3. Phonemic contrasts -- 2.3.1. Bilabial consonants: /mB mb p β/ -- 2.3.1.1. Prenasalized voiced bilabials: /mB/ and /mb/ -- 2.3.1.2. Bilabial plosives: /p mb/ -- 2.3.1.3. The bilabial fricative: /Â/ -- 2.3.1.4. Velarized bilabials (older speakers) : /pw mbw Âw/ -- 2.3.2. Coronal consonants: /t nd s t ∫ ɾ r l/ -- 2.3.2.1. Plosives: /t nd/ -- 2.3.2.2. Voiceless coronals: /t s tS/ -- 2.3.2.3. Rhotics: /Q r/ -- 2.3.2.4. The lateral consonant: /l/ -- 2.3.3. Velar obstruents: /kŋ g ɣ/ -- 2.3.4. Nasal consonants: /m n ŋ/ -- 2.3.5. Vowels: /i e a o u (ø ө ʉ)/ -- 2.3.5.1. Vowels: All speakers: /i e a o u/ -- 2.3.5.2. Vowels: Older speakers: /ø Õ õ/ -- 2.4. Stress placement -- 2.5. Syllable structure and phonotactics -- 2.6. Variation and change -- 2.6.1. The Unua of older and younger speakers -- 2.6.2. Unua and Pangkumu -- 2.6.2.1. Consonant clusters -- 2.6.2.2. Consonant phonemes -- 2.6.2.3. Vowels -- Chapter 3 - Nouns and pronouns -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Nouns -- 3.2.1. Common nouns -- 3.2.1.1 Noun accretions -- 3.2.1.1.1. *na accretion -- 3.2.1.1.2. *a accretion -- 3.2.1.1.3. Absence of accretion -- 3.2.1.1.4. Roots in compounds -- 3.2.1.2. Noun/verb root pairings -- 3.2.1.3. Preposition incorporation -- 3.2.2. Proper nouns -- 3.3. Personal pronouns -- 3.4. Demonstratives -- 3.4.1. Introduction -- 3.4.2. Modifying deictic/anaphoric demonstratives.
3.4.2.1. Overview -- 3.4.2.2. Previous mention demonstratives -- 3.4.2.3. Proximate and distant demonstratives -- 3.4.2.4. Summary -- 3.4.3. Demonstrative pronouns -- 3.4.3.1. Introduction -- 3.4.3.2. 'Thing' demonstratives -- 3.4.3.2.1. danga -- 3.4.3.2.2. dongo -- 3.4.3.2.3. dag -- 3.4.3.2.4. denge -- 3.4.3.2.5. Summary -- 3.4.3.3. 'Person' demonstratives -- 3.4.3.4. 'One' demonstratives -- 3.4.3.5. Summary -- 3.5. Joint and disjoint reference encoding -- 3.5.1. Referential identity -- 3.5.2. Disjoint reference -- 3.6. Interrogatives -- 3.7. Concluding remarks -- Chapter 4 - Noun phrases -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Possession -- 4.2.1. Introduction -- 4.2.2. Direct Possession -- 4.2.3. Indirect Possession -- 4.2.3.1. Introduction -- 4.2.3.2. Indirect Possession se -- 4.2.3.3. Indirect Possession xise -- 4.2.4. Possessor iterativity, preposing and constituency -- 4.3. Further forms of nominal modification -- 4.3.1. Introduction -- 4.3.2. Noun compounding -- 4.3.3. Noun modification with nen -- 4.4. Constructions with nga -- 4.4.1. Introduction -- 4.4.2. Relative clauses -- 4.4.3. Further constructions with nga -- 4.5. Adjectival modification -- 4.5.1. Adjectives -- 4.5.2. Adjectival extensions -- 4.6. Numerals -- 4.6.1. Cardinal numerals -- 4.6.2. Ordinal number -- 4.6.3. Distributive number -- 4.6.4. Irrealis-marked numerals -- 4.6.5. Numeral positioning within the noun phrase -- 4.6.5.1. Numerals and demonstratives -- 4.6.5.2. Numerals and other modifiers -- 4.7. The plural marker rin -- 4.8. Quantifiers -- 4.8.1. Quantifiers: general -- 4.8.2. sobon 'some' -- 4.8.3. kebeg/tebeg 'all' -- 4.8.4. ingot 'many' and xevis 'how many' -- 4.8.5. merang 'group' -- 4.9. Pronoun modification -- 4.10. Noun phrase internal ordering -- 4.11. Customary respect naming -- Chapter 5 - Verbs and verb modification -- 5.1. Introduction.
5.2. Subject agreement and Tense/Mood/Aspect marking -- 5.2.1. Overview -- 5.2.2. Subject agreement -- 5.2.3. Tense/Mood/Aspect marking -- 5.2.3.1. Tense /Mood/Aspect cooccurrences -- 5.2.3.2. Tense/Mood/Aspect functions -- 5.2.3.2.1. Realis -- 5.2.3.2.2. Continuous -- 5.2.3.2.3. Inceptive -- 5.2.3.2.4. Negative -- 5.2.3.2.5. Definitive Future Negative (DFN) -- 5.2.3.2.6. Irrealis -- 5.2.3.2.7. Relative marking -- 5.3. Transitivity marking -- 5.3.1. The transitivity suffix -i -- 5.3.2. Person marking suffixes -- 5.3.3. Demonstrative suffixes -- 5.3.4. Oblique marking -- 5.4. Verb stems -- 5.4.1. Overview -- 5.4.2. Verb roots -- 5.4.3. Reduplication -- 5.4.3.1. Reduplication forms -- 5.4.3.2. Reduplication functions -- 5.4.3.2.1. Overview -- 5.4.3.2.2. Noun modification -- 5.4.3.2.3. Atelicity, transitivity and continuity -- 5.4.3.2.4. Pluractionality -- 5.4.3.2.5. Completion -- 5.4.3.2.6. Distributivity (numerals) -- 5.4.4. Compound verb stems -- 5.4.4.1. Overview -- 5.4.4.2. Specialized result morphology -- 5.4.4.3. Result compounds with -toxni -- 5.4.4.4. Noun incorporation -- 5.4.4.5. Incorporated directionals -- 5.4.4.6. Miscellaneous compounds -- 5.4.4.7. Summary -- 5.5. Post-verbal aspect: Particles -- 5.5.1. Post verbal aspect particles -- 5.5.2. ju 'already' -- 5.5.3. mu 'again' -- 5.5.4. rrobb 'still' -- 5.5.5. ma 'only' -- 5.5.6. ba 'ATTEN[uative]' -- 5.5.7. ta(j) (ni) 'exact OBL[lique]' -- 5.5.8. go nu 'FOC[us] now' -- 5.5.9. Particle ordering: Summary -- 5.6. Post-verbal aspect: Predicates -- 5.6.1. Introduction -- 5.6.2. Completive and terminative aspect -- 5.6.2.1. kasi 'complete' -- 5.6.2.2. nog 'end' -- 5.6.3. Duration iteration -- 5.6.4. Directional predicates -- 5.6.5. Summary -- Chapter 6 - Sentences without verbs -- 6.1. Overview -- 6.2. Possession and provenance clauses -- 6.3. Equational identification -- 6.4. Summary.
Chapter 7 - Sentence structure -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Locational expressions -- 7.2.1. Location phrases -- 7.2.2. vex 'to', re 'LOC', ji(-xi) 'DIR-xi' -- 7.2.3. Inflected locational terms -- 7.2.4. Uninflected locational terms -- 7.2.4.1. morix 'near' -- 7.2.4.2. rivux 'middle' -- 7.2.4.3. rririvji 'around' -- 7.2.4.4. taraxai 'across', metoxni 'over' -- 7.2.4.5. rroni 'with' -- 7.2.5. Deictic adverbs -- 7.2.6. Placement of locational expressions in the clause -- 7.3. Time expressions -- 7.3.1. Time words -- 7.3.2. Placement of time expressions in the clause -- 7.4. Adverbial modifiers -- 7.4.1. Overview -- 7.4.2. Manner adverbs -- 7.4.3. Possibility -- 7.5. Unspecified subjects -- Chapter 8 - Subordinate clauses -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Complement clauses -- 8.2.1. Complementizers -- 8.2.1.1. Subordinate clauses without complementizers -- 8.2.1.1.1. Causative and perception verbs -- 8.2.1.1.2. Inception verbs -- 8.2.1.1.3. Movement verbs -- 8.2.1.1.4. The locution verb vra 'say' -- 8.2.1.1.5. Cognition and ability verbs -- 8.2.1.1.6. Desiderative/Anti-desiderative and Anti-ability verbs -- 8.2.1.1.7. The impersonal verb vsa 'enough' -- 8.2.1.1.8. Summary -- 8.2.1.2. Subordinate clauses preceded by xini/xni/ni -- 8.2.1.3. Subordinate clauses preceded by nga -- 8.2.1.4. Subordinate clauses preceded by se -- 8.2.2. Summary -- 8.3. Adverbial clauses -- 8.3.1. Purpose clauses -- 8.3.2. Reason clauses -- 8.3.3. Conditional clauses -- 8.3.4. Time clauses -- 8.3.5. Manner clauses -- 8.3.6. Summary -- 8.4. Zero arguments in subordinate clauses -- Chapter 9 - Coordination -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Additive coordination -- 9.2.1. Overview -- 9.2.2. Noun phrase coordination -- 9.2.3. Adjectival coordination -- 9.2.4. Go in clause coordination -- 9.3. Adversative coordination -- 9.4. Disjunction -- Chapter 10 - Negation -- 10.1. Negative items.
10.2. -jxe 'not' -- 10.3. Clause-internal negation -- 10.4. navon 'nothing' -- 10.5. Negative scope -- Chapter 11 - Questions -- 11.1. Alternative questions -- 11.2. Content questions -- 11.2.1. Interrogative expressions -- 11.2.2. Interrogative items in sentences -- 11.2.3. Subordinate clause interrogatives -- 11.2.4. Summary -- Chapter 12 - Topic and Focus -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Topics -- 12.3. Focus -- Chapter 13 - Unua and Bislama -- 13.1. Background -- 13.2. Bislama terms in Unua -- 13.2.1. Discourse terms -- 13.2.2. Nouns -- 13.2.3. Verbs -- 13.2.4. Numbers -- 13.2.5. Particles and other modifiers -- 13.3. Summary -- Appendix I - Vowels in verb paradigms -- Appendix II - Jirvaren: Two stories -- The Woman Chief -- The Chief on the Island -- References -- Language index -- Author index -- Subject index.
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Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Data coding -- 1. Jirvaren: Stories and oral histories -- 2. Unua speakers -- 3. Trudinger data -- 4. Unua religious texts. -- 5. Abbreviations -- 6. List of tables -- Maps -- Photos: Unua people. -- Chapter 1 - Introduction -- 1.1. Unua -- 1.2. Unua data -- 1.2.1. Earlier sources -- 1.2.2. Recent data collection -- 1.3. Unua and its neighbours -- Chapter 2 - Phonology -- 2.1. Phonemes -- 2.1.1. Consonants -- 2.1.2. Vowels -- 2.2. Orthographic symbols -- 2.3. Phonemic contrasts -- 2.3.1. Bilabial consonants: /mB mb p β/ -- 2.3.1.1. Prenasalized voiced bilabials: /mB/ and /mb/ -- 2.3.1.2. Bilabial plosives: /p mb/ -- 2.3.1.3. The bilabial fricative: /Â/ -- 2.3.1.4. Velarized bilabials (older speakers) : /pw mbw Âw/ -- 2.3.2. Coronal consonants: /t nd s t ∫ ɾ r l/ -- 2.3.2.1. Plosives: /t nd/ -- 2.3.2.2. Voiceless coronals: /t s tS/ -- 2.3.2.3. Rhotics: /Q r/ -- 2.3.2.4. The lateral consonant: /l/ -- 2.3.3. Velar obstruents: /kŋ g ɣ/ -- 2.3.4. Nasal consonants: /m n ŋ/ -- 2.3.5. Vowels: /i e a o u (ø ө ʉ)/ -- 2.3.5.1. Vowels: All speakers: /i e a o u/ -- 2.3.5.2. Vowels: Older speakers: /ø Õ õ/ -- 2.4. Stress placement -- 2.5. Syllable structure and phonotactics -- 2.6. Variation and change -- 2.6.1. The Unua of older and younger speakers -- 2.6.2. Unua and Pangkumu -- 2.6.2.1. Consonant clusters -- 2.6.2.2. Consonant phonemes -- 2.6.2.3. Vowels -- Chapter 3 - Nouns and pronouns -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Nouns -- 3.2.1. Common nouns -- 3.2.1.1 Noun accretions -- 3.2.1.1.1. *na accretion -- 3.2.1.1.2. *a accretion -- 3.2.1.1.3. Absence of accretion -- 3.2.1.1.4. Roots in compounds -- 3.2.1.2. Noun/verb root pairings -- 3.2.1.3. Preposition incorporation -- 3.2.2. Proper nouns -- 3.3. Personal pronouns -- 3.4. Demonstratives -- 3.4.1. Introduction -- 3.4.2. Modifying deictic/anaphoric demonstratives.

3.4.2.1. Overview -- 3.4.2.2. Previous mention demonstratives -- 3.4.2.3. Proximate and distant demonstratives -- 3.4.2.4. Summary -- 3.4.3. Demonstrative pronouns -- 3.4.3.1. Introduction -- 3.4.3.2. 'Thing' demonstratives -- 3.4.3.2.1. danga -- 3.4.3.2.2. dongo -- 3.4.3.2.3. dag -- 3.4.3.2.4. denge -- 3.4.3.2.5. Summary -- 3.4.3.3. 'Person' demonstratives -- 3.4.3.4. 'One' demonstratives -- 3.4.3.5. Summary -- 3.5. Joint and disjoint reference encoding -- 3.5.1. Referential identity -- 3.5.2. Disjoint reference -- 3.6. Interrogatives -- 3.7. Concluding remarks -- Chapter 4 - Noun phrases -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Possession -- 4.2.1. Introduction -- 4.2.2. Direct Possession -- 4.2.3. Indirect Possession -- 4.2.3.1. Introduction -- 4.2.3.2. Indirect Possession se -- 4.2.3.3. Indirect Possession xise -- 4.2.4. Possessor iterativity, preposing and constituency -- 4.3. Further forms of nominal modification -- 4.3.1. Introduction -- 4.3.2. Noun compounding -- 4.3.3. Noun modification with nen -- 4.4. Constructions with nga -- 4.4.1. Introduction -- 4.4.2. Relative clauses -- 4.4.3. Further constructions with nga -- 4.5. Adjectival modification -- 4.5.1. Adjectives -- 4.5.2. Adjectival extensions -- 4.6. Numerals -- 4.6.1. Cardinal numerals -- 4.6.2. Ordinal number -- 4.6.3. Distributive number -- 4.6.4. Irrealis-marked numerals -- 4.6.5. Numeral positioning within the noun phrase -- 4.6.5.1. Numerals and demonstratives -- 4.6.5.2. Numerals and other modifiers -- 4.7. The plural marker rin -- 4.8. Quantifiers -- 4.8.1. Quantifiers: general -- 4.8.2. sobon 'some' -- 4.8.3. kebeg/tebeg 'all' -- 4.8.4. ingot 'many' and xevis 'how many' -- 4.8.5. merang 'group' -- 4.9. Pronoun modification -- 4.10. Noun phrase internal ordering -- 4.11. Customary respect naming -- Chapter 5 - Verbs and verb modification -- 5.1. Introduction.

5.2. Subject agreement and Tense/Mood/Aspect marking -- 5.2.1. Overview -- 5.2.2. Subject agreement -- 5.2.3. Tense/Mood/Aspect marking -- 5.2.3.1. Tense /Mood/Aspect cooccurrences -- 5.2.3.2. Tense/Mood/Aspect functions -- 5.2.3.2.1. Realis -- 5.2.3.2.2. Continuous -- 5.2.3.2.3. Inceptive -- 5.2.3.2.4. Negative -- 5.2.3.2.5. Definitive Future Negative (DFN) -- 5.2.3.2.6. Irrealis -- 5.2.3.2.7. Relative marking -- 5.3. Transitivity marking -- 5.3.1. The transitivity suffix -i -- 5.3.2. Person marking suffixes -- 5.3.3. Demonstrative suffixes -- 5.3.4. Oblique marking -- 5.4. Verb stems -- 5.4.1. Overview -- 5.4.2. Verb roots -- 5.4.3. Reduplication -- 5.4.3.1. Reduplication forms -- 5.4.3.2. Reduplication functions -- 5.4.3.2.1. Overview -- 5.4.3.2.2. Noun modification -- 5.4.3.2.3. Atelicity, transitivity and continuity -- 5.4.3.2.4. Pluractionality -- 5.4.3.2.5. Completion -- 5.4.3.2.6. Distributivity (numerals) -- 5.4.4. Compound verb stems -- 5.4.4.1. Overview -- 5.4.4.2. Specialized result morphology -- 5.4.4.3. Result compounds with -toxni -- 5.4.4.4. Noun incorporation -- 5.4.4.5. Incorporated directionals -- 5.4.4.6. Miscellaneous compounds -- 5.4.4.7. Summary -- 5.5. Post-verbal aspect: Particles -- 5.5.1. Post verbal aspect particles -- 5.5.2. ju 'already' -- 5.5.3. mu 'again' -- 5.5.4. rrobb 'still' -- 5.5.5. ma 'only' -- 5.5.6. ba 'ATTEN[uative]' -- 5.5.7. ta(j) (ni) 'exact OBL[lique]' -- 5.5.8. go nu 'FOC[us] now' -- 5.5.9. Particle ordering: Summary -- 5.6. Post-verbal aspect: Predicates -- 5.6.1. Introduction -- 5.6.2. Completive and terminative aspect -- 5.6.2.1. kasi 'complete' -- 5.6.2.2. nog 'end' -- 5.6.3. Duration iteration -- 5.6.4. Directional predicates -- 5.6.5. Summary -- Chapter 6 - Sentences without verbs -- 6.1. Overview -- 6.2. Possession and provenance clauses -- 6.3. Equational identification -- 6.4. Summary.

Chapter 7 - Sentence structure -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Locational expressions -- 7.2.1. Location phrases -- 7.2.2. vex 'to', re 'LOC', ji(-xi) 'DIR-xi' -- 7.2.3. Inflected locational terms -- 7.2.4. Uninflected locational terms -- 7.2.4.1. morix 'near' -- 7.2.4.2. rivux 'middle' -- 7.2.4.3. rririvji 'around' -- 7.2.4.4. taraxai 'across', metoxni 'over' -- 7.2.4.5. rroni 'with' -- 7.2.5. Deictic adverbs -- 7.2.6. Placement of locational expressions in the clause -- 7.3. Time expressions -- 7.3.1. Time words -- 7.3.2. Placement of time expressions in the clause -- 7.4. Adverbial modifiers -- 7.4.1. Overview -- 7.4.2. Manner adverbs -- 7.4.3. Possibility -- 7.5. Unspecified subjects -- Chapter 8 - Subordinate clauses -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Complement clauses -- 8.2.1. Complementizers -- 8.2.1.1. Subordinate clauses without complementizers -- 8.2.1.1.1. Causative and perception verbs -- 8.2.1.1.2. Inception verbs -- 8.2.1.1.3. Movement verbs -- 8.2.1.1.4. The locution verb vra 'say' -- 8.2.1.1.5. Cognition and ability verbs -- 8.2.1.1.6. Desiderative/Anti-desiderative and Anti-ability verbs -- 8.2.1.1.7. The impersonal verb vsa 'enough' -- 8.2.1.1.8. Summary -- 8.2.1.2. Subordinate clauses preceded by xini/xni/ni -- 8.2.1.3. Subordinate clauses preceded by nga -- 8.2.1.4. Subordinate clauses preceded by se -- 8.2.2. Summary -- 8.3. Adverbial clauses -- 8.3.1. Purpose clauses -- 8.3.2. Reason clauses -- 8.3.3. Conditional clauses -- 8.3.4. Time clauses -- 8.3.5. Manner clauses -- 8.3.6. Summary -- 8.4. Zero arguments in subordinate clauses -- Chapter 9 - Coordination -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Additive coordination -- 9.2.1. Overview -- 9.2.2. Noun phrase coordination -- 9.2.3. Adjectival coordination -- 9.2.4. Go in clause coordination -- 9.3. Adversative coordination -- 9.4. Disjunction -- Chapter 10 - Negation -- 10.1. Negative items.

10.2. -jxe 'not' -- 10.3. Clause-internal negation -- 10.4. navon 'nothing' -- 10.5. Negative scope -- Chapter 11 - Questions -- 11.1. Alternative questions -- 11.2. Content questions -- 11.2.1. Interrogative expressions -- 11.2.2. Interrogative items in sentences -- 11.2.3. Subordinate clause interrogatives -- 11.2.4. Summary -- Chapter 12 - Topic and Focus -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Topics -- 12.3. Focus -- Chapter 13 - Unua and Bislama -- 13.1. Background -- 13.2. Bislama terms in Unua -- 13.2.1. Discourse terms -- 13.2.2. Nouns -- 13.2.3. Verbs -- 13.2.4. Numbers -- 13.2.5. Particles and other modifiers -- 13.3. Summary -- Appendix I - Vowels in verb paradigms -- Appendix II - Jirvaren: Two stories -- The Woman Chief -- The Chief on the Island -- References -- Language index -- Author index -- Subject index.

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