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Mass Marketing and Consumer Fraud : Background, Issues and Data.

By: Material type: TextTextSeries: Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement and CorrectionsPublisher: Hauppauge : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2010Copyright date: ©2010Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (151 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781617284434
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Mass Marketing and Consumer Fraud: Background, Issues and DataDDC classification:
  • 364.16/3
LOC classification:
  • HF5415.1 -- .M377 2010eb
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- MASS MARKETING AND CONSUMER FRAUD: BACKGROUND, ISSUES AND DATA -- MASS MARKETING AND CONSUMER FRAUD: BACKGROUND, ISSUES AND DATA -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CONSUMER FRAUD AND IDENTITY THEFT COMPLAINT DATA, JANUARY-DECEMBER 2007 -- INTRODUCTION -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Fraud -- Identity Theft -- SENTINEL COMPLAINTS BY CALENDAR YEAR1 -- FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CALENDAR YEAR2 (EXCLUDING IDENTITY THEFT) -- SENTINEL TOP COMPLAINT CATEGORIES1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- TOTAL NUMBER OF FRAUD COMPLAINTS &amp -- AMOUNT PAID CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- DISTRIBUTION OF FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY REPORTED AMOUNT PAID CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- METHODS OF PAYMENT REPORTED BY CONSUMERS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- METHODS OF PAYMENT REPORTED BY CONSUMERS CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- COMPANY'S METHOD OF CONTACTING CONSUMERS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- COMPANY'S METHOD OF CONTACTING CONSUMERS CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CONSUMER AGE1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CONSUMER AGE CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- TOTAL NUMBER OF INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS &amp -- AMOUNT PAID CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- DISTRIBUTION OF INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY REPORTED AMOUNT PAID CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- METHODS OF PAYMENT REPORTED BY CONSUMERS FOR INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- METHODS OF PAYMENT REPORTED BY CONSUMERS FOR INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CONSUMER AGE1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CONSUMER AGE CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- HOW VICTIMS' INFORMATION IS MISUSED1 CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007.
LAW ENFORCEMENT CONTACT1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- LAW ENFORCEMENT CONTACT CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- IDENTITY THEFT COMPLAINTS BY VICTIM AGE1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- IDENTITY THEFT COMPLAINTS BY VICTIM AGE CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS RANKING FOR FRAUD CONSUMER COMPLAINTS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS RANKING FOR IDENTITY THEFT CONSUMER COMPLAINTS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- ALABAMA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 -December 31, 2007 -- ALASKA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- ARIZONA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- ARKANSAS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- CALIFORNIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- COLORADO -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- CONNECTICUT -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- DELAWARE -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- FLORIDA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- GEORGIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- HAWAII -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- IDAHO -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- ILLINOIS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- INDIANA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- IOWA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- KANSAS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- KENTUCKY.
Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- LOUISIANA -- MAINE -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MARYLAND -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MASSACHUSETTS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MICHIGAN -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MINNESOTA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MISSISSIPPI -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MISSOURI -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MONTANA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEBRASKA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEVADA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEW HAMPSHIRE -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEW JERSEY -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEW MEXICO -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEW YORK -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NORTH CAROLINA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NORTH DAKOTA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- OHIO -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- OKLAHOMA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- OREGON -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- PENNSYLVANIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- RHODE ISLAND -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- SOUTH CAROLINA.
Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- SOUTH DAKOTA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- TENNESSEE -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- TEXAS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- UTAH -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- VERMONT -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- VIRGINIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- WASHINGTON -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- WEST VIRGINIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- WISCONSIN -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- WYOMING -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- APPENDIX A1: THE SENTINEL NETWORK -- APPENDIX A2: SENTINEL DATA CONTRIBUTORS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- APPENDIX A3: OTHER SENTINEL DATA CONTRIBUTORS JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- APPENDIX B: SENTINEL COMPLAINT CATEGORIES -- APPENDIX C1: FRAUD CONSUMER COMPLAINTS BY LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- APPENDIX C2: IDENTITY THEFT CONSUMER COMPLAINTS BY LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- Chapter 2 MASS-MARKETING FRAUD: A REPORT TO THE MINISTER OF PUBLIC SAFETY OF CANADA AND THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, MARCH 2008 -- INTRODUCTION -- SECTION I: MASS-MARKETING FRAUD IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES -- A. Telemarketing Fraud -- 1. Background -- 2. Trends -- a. Involvement of Organized Crime -- b. "Pitches" and Other Operational Features -- c. Concealment Techniques -- d. Methods of Transmitting Funds -- B. Internet Fraud -- 1. Background -- 2. Trends.
C. Nigerian Fraud -- D. Identity Theft -- 1. Background -- 2. Trends and Developments in Identity Theft -- a. Identity Theft Techniques -- (1) Phishing -- (2) Other Identity Theft Techniques -- b. Uses of Others' Identifying Data -- SECTION II: THE BINATIONAL RESPONSE TO MASS-MARKETING FRAUD, 2004-2008 -- A. Substantive and Procedural Laws -- 1. Canada -- 2. United States -- B. Task Forces and Strategic Partnerships -- C. Consumer Reporting and Information-Sharing Systems -- 1. Canada -- 2. United States -- D. Enforcement Accomplishments -- 1. Telemarketing Fraud -- 2. Internet Fraud -- 3. Nigerian Fraud -- 4. Identity Theft -- E. Public Education and Prevention Accomplishments -- SECTION III: CONTINUING CHALLENGES IN MASS-MARKETING FRAUD - REFINING THE BINATIONAL ACTION PLAN -- A. The Binational Action Plan for Cross-Border Fraud -- 1. Strategies -- (1) Both countries should compare their respective strategies against cross-border telemarketing fraud and ensure harmonization of those strategies in addressing newer developments in telemarketing fraud. -- (2) As part of that process of harmonization, both countries should also examine their existing national-level working groups that address other types of cross-border fraud issues, and where appropriate take similar steps to ensure harmonization of national strategies in addressing those types of fraud. -- 2. Operational Efforts -- (3) Agencies that are members of existing interagency telemarketing fraud task forces should reaffirm their commitment to participation in those task forces, and consider inclusion of new agencies where appropriate to obtain additional investigative resources against cross-border fraud.
(4) In investigating and preparing to prosecute cases against particular cross-border fraud schemes for prosecution, police, law enforcement agents, and prosecutors should explore all avenues for seizing and forfeiting proceeds of the crimes traceable to those schemes and returning as much money as possible in restitution to victims of the schemes.
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Intro -- MASS MARKETING AND CONSUMER FRAUD: BACKGROUND, ISSUES AND DATA -- MASS MARKETING AND CONSUMER FRAUD: BACKGROUND, ISSUES AND DATA -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CONSUMER FRAUD AND IDENTITY THEFT COMPLAINT DATA, JANUARY-DECEMBER 2007 -- INTRODUCTION -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Fraud -- Identity Theft -- SENTINEL COMPLAINTS BY CALENDAR YEAR1 -- FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CALENDAR YEAR2 (EXCLUDING IDENTITY THEFT) -- SENTINEL TOP COMPLAINT CATEGORIES1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- TOTAL NUMBER OF FRAUD COMPLAINTS &amp -- AMOUNT PAID CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- DISTRIBUTION OF FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY REPORTED AMOUNT PAID CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- METHODS OF PAYMENT REPORTED BY CONSUMERS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- METHODS OF PAYMENT REPORTED BY CONSUMERS CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- COMPANY'S METHOD OF CONTACTING CONSUMERS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- COMPANY'S METHOD OF CONTACTING CONSUMERS CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CONSUMER AGE1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CONSUMER AGE CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- TOTAL NUMBER OF INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS &amp -- AMOUNT PAID CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- DISTRIBUTION OF INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY REPORTED AMOUNT PAID CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- METHODS OF PAYMENT REPORTED BY CONSUMERS FOR INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- METHODS OF PAYMENT REPORTED BY CONSUMERS FOR INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CONSUMER AGE1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- INTERNET-RELATED FRAUD COMPLAINTS BY CONSUMER AGE CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- HOW VICTIMS' INFORMATION IS MISUSED1 CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007.

LAW ENFORCEMENT CONTACT1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- LAW ENFORCEMENT CONTACT CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- IDENTITY THEFT COMPLAINTS BY VICTIM AGE1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- IDENTITY THEFT COMPLAINTS BY VICTIM AGE CALENDAR YEARS 2005 THROUGH 2007 -- LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS RANKING FOR FRAUD CONSUMER COMPLAINTS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS RANKING FOR IDENTITY THEFT CONSUMER COMPLAINTS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- ALABAMA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 -December 31, 2007 -- ALASKA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- ARIZONA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- ARKANSAS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- CALIFORNIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- COLORADO -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- CONNECTICUT -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- DELAWARE -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- FLORIDA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- GEORGIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- HAWAII -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- IDAHO -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- ILLINOIS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- INDIANA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- IOWA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- KANSAS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- KENTUCKY.

Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- LOUISIANA -- MAINE -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MARYLAND -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MASSACHUSETTS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MICHIGAN -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MINNESOTA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MISSISSIPPI -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MISSOURI -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- MONTANA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEBRASKA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEVADA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEW HAMPSHIRE -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEW JERSEY -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEW MEXICO -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NEW YORK -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NORTH CAROLINA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- NORTH DAKOTA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- OHIO -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- OKLAHOMA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- OREGON -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- PENNSYLVANIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- RHODE ISLAND -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- SOUTH CAROLINA.

Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- SOUTH DAKOTA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- TENNESSEE -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- TEXAS -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- UTAH -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- VERMONT -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- VIRGINIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- WASHINGTON -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- WEST VIRGINIA -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- WISCONSIN -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- WYOMING -- Consumer Sentinel Complaint Figures January 1 - December 31, 2007 -- APPENDIX A1: THE SENTINEL NETWORK -- APPENDIX A2: SENTINEL DATA CONTRIBUTORS1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- APPENDIX A3: OTHER SENTINEL DATA CONTRIBUTORS JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- APPENDIX B: SENTINEL COMPLAINT CATEGORIES -- APPENDIX C1: FRAUD CONSUMER COMPLAINTS BY LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- APPENDIX C2: IDENTITY THEFT CONSUMER COMPLAINTS BY LARGEST METROPOLITAN AREAS (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)1 JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 2007 -- Chapter 2 MASS-MARKETING FRAUD: A REPORT TO THE MINISTER OF PUBLIC SAFETY OF CANADA AND THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES, MARCH 2008 -- INTRODUCTION -- SECTION I: MASS-MARKETING FRAUD IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES -- A. Telemarketing Fraud -- 1. Background -- 2. Trends -- a. Involvement of Organized Crime -- b. "Pitches" and Other Operational Features -- c. Concealment Techniques -- d. Methods of Transmitting Funds -- B. Internet Fraud -- 1. Background -- 2. Trends.

C. Nigerian Fraud -- D. Identity Theft -- 1. Background -- 2. Trends and Developments in Identity Theft -- a. Identity Theft Techniques -- (1) Phishing -- (2) Other Identity Theft Techniques -- b. Uses of Others' Identifying Data -- SECTION II: THE BINATIONAL RESPONSE TO MASS-MARKETING FRAUD, 2004-2008 -- A. Substantive and Procedural Laws -- 1. Canada -- 2. United States -- B. Task Forces and Strategic Partnerships -- C. Consumer Reporting and Information-Sharing Systems -- 1. Canada -- 2. United States -- D. Enforcement Accomplishments -- 1. Telemarketing Fraud -- 2. Internet Fraud -- 3. Nigerian Fraud -- 4. Identity Theft -- E. Public Education and Prevention Accomplishments -- SECTION III: CONTINUING CHALLENGES IN MASS-MARKETING FRAUD - REFINING THE BINATIONAL ACTION PLAN -- A. The Binational Action Plan for Cross-Border Fraud -- 1. Strategies -- (1) Both countries should compare their respective strategies against cross-border telemarketing fraud and ensure harmonization of those strategies in addressing newer developments in telemarketing fraud. -- (2) As part of that process of harmonization, both countries should also examine their existing national-level working groups that address other types of cross-border fraud issues, and where appropriate take similar steps to ensure harmonization of national strategies in addressing those types of fraud. -- 2. Operational Efforts -- (3) Agencies that are members of existing interagency telemarketing fraud task forces should reaffirm their commitment to participation in those task forces, and consider inclusion of new agencies where appropriate to obtain additional investigative resources against cross-border fraud.

(4) In investigating and preparing to prosecute cases against particular cross-border fraud schemes for prosecution, police, law enforcement agents, and prosecutors should explore all avenues for seizing and forfeiting proceeds of the crimes traceable to those schemes and returning as much money as possible in restitution to victims of the schemes.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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