A Companion to Anthropological Genetics.

Intro -- Table of Contents -- About the Editor -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface -- PART I: Anthropological Genetics in Context -- CHAPTER 1: History and Evolution of Anthropological Genetics -- INTRODUCTION -- ROOTS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS -- EARLY ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS -- FIELD INVESTIGATIONS -- MOLECULAR GENETIC REVOLUTION -- FUTURE OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS -- CHAPTER 2: The Ethics of Genetic Ancestry Testing -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND ON ANCESTRY TESTS -- ANCESTRY ESTIMATIONS OF PRESENT‐DAY POPULATIONS -- RECREATIONAL AND FORENSIC USES OF DNA ANCESTRY -- CONCLUSION AND EMERGING CONCERNS -- CHAPTER 3: Community‐Oriented Research and the Future of Anthropological Genetics -- THE LEGACY OF MISTRUST OF SCIENTISTS BY INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY MEMBERS -- WHY ARE NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITIES INTERESTED IN ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS RESEARCH? -- MUTUALLY BENEFICIAL PARTNERSHIPS WITH INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES -- DIVERSIFYING THE FIELD OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL GENETICS -- ANCIENT DNA ANALYSIS OF HUMAN REMAINS IN COLONIZED REGIONS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PART II: Macroevolution and Phylogenetics -- CHAPTER 4: Calibrating the Clock -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CHAPTER 5: Primate Genomics and Phylogenetics -- NEXT‐GENERATION SEQUENCING: THE PATHS TO STRANGE, UNEXPLORED WORLDS -- COMPARING PRIMATE GENOMES -- PRIMATE GENOMES AT THE POPULATION LEVEL -- BEYOND THE GENOME: TRANSCRIPTOME, METHYLOME, AND MICROBIOME -- A GENOMICS FRAMEWORK TO STUDY PRIMATE BEHAVIOR -- LOOKING DEEPER: LONGITUDINAL STUDIES -- RESOLVING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PRIMATES AND THEIR HABITAT USING GENOMICS -- TOWARD AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL INTEGRATION OF NEXT‐GENERATION SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES TO PRIMATE RESEARCH -- CHAPTER 6: The Neanderthal and Denisovan Genomes -- ARCHAIC HOMININ GENOMES -- HOMININ ADMIXTURE -- CONCLUSION.

CHAPTER 7: Evaluating Correspondence in Phenotypic Variation, Genetic Diversity, Geography, and Environmental Factors -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- CHAPTER 8: Simulating Human Demographic Processes and Patterns of Genetic Variation -- SIMULATIONS AND MODEL‐BASED STATISTICAL INFERENCE FOR HUMAN DEMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION -- PERFORMING SIMULATIONS FOR ABC -- INCORPORATING DATA INTO ABC -- SELECTION OF SUMMARY STATISTICS -- DNA SIMULATIONS FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTING -- MOVING FORWARD: DNA SIMULATIONS BEYOND DEMOGRAPHY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- PART III: Microevolution -- CHAPTER 9: Human Population Structure and History -- INTRODUCTION -- STUDIES OF HUMAN POPULATION STRUCTURE -- GLOBAL HUMAN POPULATION HISTORY -- STUDIES OF REGIONAL HUMAN POPULATION HISTORY -- CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 10: Regional Patterns of Variation -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS -- CLASSIC MODELS -- CLASSIC MODELS: GENERAL ISSUES FOR REAL (VERSUS THEORETICAL) MODERN AND PAST CONTEXTS -- REGIONAL PATTERNED VARIATION: TWO EXAMPLES -- CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 11: Genetic Variation and the Colonization of Eurasia -- EARLY AND MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE BACKGROUND TO THE PEOPLING OF EURASIA -- OUT OF AFRICA AND THE EARLY SPLIT OF EAST AND WEST EURASIAN POPULATIONS -- GENETIC DIVERSITY IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA -- PEOPLING OF NORTHEAST ASIA -- RECENT CHANGES OF EURASIAN GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE HOLOCENE -- CHAPTER 12: Homo sapiens Dispersal and the Peopling of the Americas -- INTRODUCTION -- HOMO SAPIENS' ORIGIN: SETTING THE STAGE FOR THE PEOPLING OF THE AMERICAS -- THE PEOPLING OF THE AMERICAS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CHAPTER 13: Ancient DNA and Bioarcheology -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT IS ANCIENT DNA, AND HOW IS IT STUDIED? -- APPROACHES FOR ADNA IN BIOARCHEOLOGY -- CONCLUSION -- PART IV: Human Adaptation: -- CHAPTER 14: Tempo of Recent Human Evolution.

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- WHY SPEED MATTERS -- RECENT SELECTION OF LCT AND EDAR -- QUANTITATIVE TRAITS -- CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 15: Natural Selection and Adaptation to Extreme Environments -- INTRODUCTION -- COLD ADAPTATION -- HIGH‐ALTITUDE ADAPTATION -- CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 16: Sensory Polymorphisms and Dietary Adaptation -- INTRODUCTION -- COLOR VISION (OPSIN GENES) -- TASTE DISCRIMINATION (TAS GENES) -- CONCLUSIONS -- CHAPTER 17: The Evolution of the Human Pigmentation Phenotype -- PIGMENTATION BIOLOGY -- ASSESSING PHENOTYPE -- GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SKIN PIGMENTATION VARIATION -- VARIATION IN HUMAN HAIR AND EYE PIGMENTATION -- EVOLUTIONARY HYPOTHESES FOR GLOBAL PIGMENTATION VARIATION -- ROLE OF NATURAL SELECTION IN SHAPING HUMAN PIGMENTATION VARIATION: GENETIC EVIDENCE -- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- CHAPTER 18: Anthropological Genetics and Growth and Development -- STATISTICAL GENETIC TERMS AND METHODS -- STUDY DESIGNS -- STUDIES OF THE GENETICS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT -- EXAMPLES FROM THE FELS LONGITUDINAL STUDY -- SUMMARY -- CHAPTER 19: Epigenetics and Human Variation -- INTRODUCTION -- TYPES OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS -- ROLE IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES -- EPIGENETICS IN ANTHROPOLOGY AND RELATED FIELDS -- METHODS OVERVIEW -- CURRENT DEBATES IN EPIGENETICS RESEARCH -- CONCLUSIONS -- PART V: Anthropology, Genetics, and the Evolution of Health and Disease -- CHAPTER 20: The Primate Immune System -- INTRODUCTION -- THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM -- INTERFERONS AND INTERLEUKINS -- THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- CHAPTER 21: Genetics, Evolutionary Medicine, and the Evolution of Human Pathogens -- INTRODUCTION -- EVOLUTIONARY MEDICINE -- CO‐EVOLUTIONARY THEORY -- PATHOGEN EVOLUTION -- HUMAN GENETIC RESPONSE TO PATHOGENS -- HEALTH TRANSITIONS AND (RE‐)EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES.

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- References -- Index -- End User License Agreement.

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