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Functional Structure in Morphology and the Case of Nonfinite Verbs : Theoretical Issues and the Description of the Danish Verb System.

By: Material type: TextTextSeries: Empirical Approaches to Linguistic Theory SeriesPublisher: Boston : BRILL, 2016Copyright date: ©2016Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (535 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9789004321830
Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: Functional Structure in Morphology and the Case of Nonfinite VerbsLOC classification:
  • PD3271 -- .N545 2016eb
Online resources:
Contents:
Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations and Glossing -- List of Figures and Tables -- Part 1 Point of Departure -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introducing Topics and Aims -- 1.1.1 A Reflexive Enquiry -- 1.1.2 A Basis for Describing the Danish Nonfinites -- 1.1.3 An Empirical Approach to Linguistic Theory -- 1.2 A Contextualised Introduction to Danish Verbal Morphology -- 1.2.1 Typological Characteristics and Central Features of Danish Grammar -- 1.2.2 Morphological Characteristics -- 1.2.3 Verbal Morphology -- 1.2.4 Describing the Inventory of Verb Forms -- 1.3 The Problem of the Nonfinites -- 1.4 Theoretical Challenges -- 1.5 Outline of the Book -- 2 Theoretical Preliminaries -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sign, Function and Structure -- 2.2.1 The Sign -- 2.2.2 Function -- 2.2.3 Structure -- 2.3 Content and Expression -- 2.3.1 The Nature of Coded Linguistic Content -- 2.3.2 A Broader View on Linguistic Semiotics -- 2.3.3 Types of Linguistic Expression -- 2.3.4 Modes of Expression Structure: Combination, Dependency and Linearity -- 2.3.5 On Content and Expression in Syntax -- 2.4 Morphology and Morphological Analysis -- 2.4.1 The Structure of the Expression and Content of Words -- 2.4.2 The Morpheme -- 2.4.3 Morphology and Syntax -- 2.4.4 Methodology in Morphological Analysis -- 2.5 The Present Approach in the Landscape of Morphological Theory -- 2.5.1 Generativist Morphology -- 2.5.2 Other Approaches to Morphology -- 2.5.3 The Semiotic Analysis of Morphology as a Content System -- 2.6 Empirical Motivation and Empirical Underpinning -- 2.7 The Finite/Nonfinite Distinction -- 2.7.1 Language-specific Analysis in the Danish Tradition -- 2.7.2 The Problem of Formulating a Universal Definition of Finiteness -- 2.7.3 Defining Finiteness in Danish -- Part 2 Sign Relations -- Introduction to Part 2 -- 3 Indexicality -- 3.1 Introduction.
3.1.1 Identifying, Situational, Systemic and Structural Indexes -- 3.2 The Basic Structure of the Indexical Relation and Its Relata -- 3.3 Indexical Function of Variants -- 3.3.1 Allomorphs as Indexes of Expression Components and Signs -- 3.3.2 Content Variants as Indicata -- 3.4 No Content Elements as Indexes -- 3.5 Typology of Indexical Relations -- 3.5.1 Sign-index/Sign-indicatum -- 3.5.2 Sign-index/Expression-indicatum -- 3.5.3 Expression-index/Expression-indicatum -- 3.5.4 Expression-index/Sign-indicatum -- 3.5.5 Expression-index/Content-indicatum -- 3.5.6 Sign-index/Content-indicatum -- 3.5.7 Indexing Invariant Content -- 3.6 The Sign Function of Indexical Relations -- 3.6.1 The Three Basic Types of Indexing -- 3.7 Extending the Concept: Entailed Knowledge of Co-occurrence -- 4 Syntagmatic Relations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Syntax of Morphemes: Combinatorial and MeronymicRelations -- 4.2.1 Integrating Constituency and Dependency -- 4.3 Combinatorial Relations: Dependency and Government -- 4.3.1 Open and Closed Dependency -- 4.3.2 Weak and Strong Government -- 4.3.3 Dependency-Government Match -- 4.3.4 Typology of Combinatorial Relations -- 4.3.5 Interdependency -- 4.3.6 Lexical vs. Categorial Combinatorics -- 4.3.7 Categories on Different Levels -- 4.4 Meronymic Relations: Constituency -- 4.4.1 Parataxis -- 4.4.2 Hypotaxis -- 4.4.3 Catataxis -- 4.5 Typology of Syntagmatic Types -- 4.6 The Indexicality of Dependency -- 4.6.1 Element-indicatum and Set-indicatum -- 4.6.2 Dependents are Indexes for Governors -- 4.6.3 Strong Government Makes the Governor Indexical -- 4.6.4 The Indexical Reciprocity of Interdependency -- 5 Paradigmatic Relations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Classical Inflectional Paradigm -- 5.3 The Structuralist Concept of a Paradigm -- 5.4 Difference Relations -- 5.4.1 Difference in Information Theory.
5.4.2 Different Types of Difference Relations -- 5.4.3 The Typology of Difference Relations -- 5.5 The Structural-Functional Paradigm Model -- 5.5.1 Examples of Oppositions, Domains and Frames -- 5.5.2 Grammatical Phenomena without Paradigms -- 5.6 The Semantic Frame and the Content of Oppositional Specifications -- 5.6.1 The Type of Difference Relation within the Frame -- 5.6.2 The Methodological Challenges of Frame Formulation -- 5.6.3 Obligatoriness, Zero Expression and the Value 'Neutral' -- 5.6.4 Constituency and Dependency as Material for Paradigm Frames -- 6 The Zero Sign -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Zero from a Structural Perspective -- 6.2.1 Haas's Warning against Unjustified Zeros -- 6.3 A Set of Criteria for Zero -- 6.3.1 Mel'čuk's Criteria for Zero -- 6.3.2 Additional Criterion: Indexical Support -- 6.4 The Status of Zero as Absence -- 6.4.1 Different Expression Domains of Zero -- 6.4.2 Zero Expression as an Operation -- 6.4.3 Zero as Shorthand in Analysis and Glossing -- 6.5 Morphemic and Allomorphic Zero -- 6.5.1 No Need for Non-Zero Alternants -- 6.5.2 Allomorphs as Members of Alloparadigms -- 6.5.3 The Problem of Zero vs. Zero -- 6.6 Content of the Zero Sign -- 6.6.1 Structural Difference -- 6.6.2 Equipollence and Privativity -- 6.6.3 Markedness and the Content of Zero -- 6.6.4 Determining the Meaning of Absence -- 6.7 Zeros of Different Orders -- 6.7.1 First Order Zero: Morphemic Meaningful Absence -- 6.7.2 Zero Order Zero: Allomorphic Meaningful Absence -- 6.7.3 Second Order Zero: Supermorphemic Meaningful Absence -- 6.7.4 A Second Order Opposition: Danish Mood Inflection -- 6.7.5 The System of Orders of Zero -- Part 3 Morphological Relations within and across Categories -- Introduction to Part 3 -- 7 Inflection and Derivation -- 7.1 Preliminary Observations -- 7.2 The Traditional Distinction between Inflection and Derivation.
7.3 The Descriptive Problem of the Traditional Distinction -- 7.4 Some Suggestions for a Definition of the Distinction -- 7.4.1 Scalise 1988 -- 7.4.2 Bybee 1985 -- 7.4.3 Haspelmath 1996 -- 7.5 Entanglement and Disentanglement -- 7.5.1 Mode of Expression vs. Mode of Relation -- 7.5.2 Other Elementary Issues -- 7.5.3 A Note on Some Proposals for Disentanglement -- 7.6 A Less Presumptive Approach -- 7.7 Analysis of Grammatical Options -- 8 The Combinatorial Properties of Morphological Structures -- 8.1 Component and Totality -- 8.2 Combinatorial Potential -- 8.2.1 A Typology of Difference in Combinatorial Potential -- 8.2.2 Morphemes and Selectional Sets in the Light of Combinatorial Potential -- 9 Relations across Categories -- 9.1 Transposition vs. Specification -- 9.2 Functional Differentiation -- 10 Dependency in Morphological Combination -- 10.1 Hjelmslev's Proposal -- 10.2 Relata of Dependency: Element or Set -- 10.3 Interdependency Everywhere? -- 10.4 Different Levels of Dependency: Hierarchy and Constituency -- 10.5 Domain of Dependency -- 10.6 The Case of Danish Verb Forms -- 10.7 Types of Dependency Relations in Morphology -- 11 Expansion and Its Absence in Transcategorial Relations -- 11.1 Zero Signs in Functional Differentiation -- 11.2 Differentiation without Zero: Adverbialisation in Italian -- 11.2.1 Elaboration of the Index Criterion -- 11.2.2 The Second Order Exponent of Nominal Ascription -- 11.3 Differentiation with Zero as Allo-expression: Adverbialisation in English -- 11.4 Final Remarks -- Summary of Part 3 -- Part 4 Three Studies in Danish Nonfinite Verb Forms -- Introduction to Part 4 -- 12 Infinitive in Danish: Zero vs. at -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Structure of the Infinitive -- 12.2.1 The Infinitive as a Morphological Totality -- 12.2.2 The Morphosyntactic Status of at -- 12.3 Functions of the Two Infinitive Forms.
12.3.1 Function of the Zero Infinitive -- 12.3.2 Function of the at Infinitive -- 12.3.3 Comparison of the Two Sets of Functions -- 12.3.4 The Functional Differentiation of zero vs. at -- 12.4 Indexical Function of +/− at -- 12.5 Dependency, Anchorage and Determination -- 12.5.1 Domain of Dependency and Nonfinite Predication -- 12.5.2 Ways of Satisfying the Need for Anchorage -- 12.5.3 Determination -- 12.6 The Transcategorial Paradigm of Determination -- 13 Supine vs. Perfect Participle in Danish -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Form and Function of the Supine -- 13.2.1 Function of the Supine -- 13.2.2 Constructions without Auxiliary -- 13.2.3 Summary of the Functions of the Supine in Danish -- 13.3 Form and Function of the Perfect Participle -- 13.4 Determination of Voice -- 13.4.1 Determination of Voice of the Supine -- 13.4.2 Determination of Voice of the Participle -- 13.4.3 Comparison of Voice Determination of the Two Forms -- 13.5 The Semantic Differentiation of Supine vs. Participle -- 13.5.1 Functional Differentiation -- 13.5.2 Differentiation of Voice Determination -- 13.6 The Second Order Opposition of Supine vs. Participle -- 13.6.1 Expression Contrast: Presence vs. Absence of Paradigmatic Selection -- 13.6.2 The Morphological Paradigm Supine vs. Participle -- 13.7 The Function of -t and the Relative vs. Infinitive Distinction -- 13.7.1 The Content of -t is 'Relative' -- 13.7.2 Infinitive vs. Relative -- 13.8 The Transcategorial Paradigm of Relative Nonfinites -- 14 Supine in Danish and Swedish -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Morphology of the Supine -- 14.2.1 Morphology of the Supine and the Perfect Participle in Swedish -- 14.2.2 Morphological Comparison -- 14.3 Function of the Two Supines -- 14.3.1 A Recapitulation of the Function of the Danish Supine -- 14.3.2 Function of the Supine in Swedish.
14.3.3 Periphrastic Passive with Perfect Participle in Swedish.
Summary: In this book Peter Juul Nielsen examines the foundations of morphological theory from a structural-functional perspective on language as a sign system with the empirical challenge of describing the nonfinite verb forms in Danish as his point of departure.
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Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations and Glossing -- List of Figures and Tables -- Part 1 Point of Departure -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introducing Topics and Aims -- 1.1.1 A Reflexive Enquiry -- 1.1.2 A Basis for Describing the Danish Nonfinites -- 1.1.3 An Empirical Approach to Linguistic Theory -- 1.2 A Contextualised Introduction to Danish Verbal Morphology -- 1.2.1 Typological Characteristics and Central Features of Danish Grammar -- 1.2.2 Morphological Characteristics -- 1.2.3 Verbal Morphology -- 1.2.4 Describing the Inventory of Verb Forms -- 1.3 The Problem of the Nonfinites -- 1.4 Theoretical Challenges -- 1.5 Outline of the Book -- 2 Theoretical Preliminaries -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Sign, Function and Structure -- 2.2.1 The Sign -- 2.2.2 Function -- 2.2.3 Structure -- 2.3 Content and Expression -- 2.3.1 The Nature of Coded Linguistic Content -- 2.3.2 A Broader View on Linguistic Semiotics -- 2.3.3 Types of Linguistic Expression -- 2.3.4 Modes of Expression Structure: Combination, Dependency and Linearity -- 2.3.5 On Content and Expression in Syntax -- 2.4 Morphology and Morphological Analysis -- 2.4.1 The Structure of the Expression and Content of Words -- 2.4.2 The Morpheme -- 2.4.3 Morphology and Syntax -- 2.4.4 Methodology in Morphological Analysis -- 2.5 The Present Approach in the Landscape of Morphological Theory -- 2.5.1 Generativist Morphology -- 2.5.2 Other Approaches to Morphology -- 2.5.3 The Semiotic Analysis of Morphology as a Content System -- 2.6 Empirical Motivation and Empirical Underpinning -- 2.7 The Finite/Nonfinite Distinction -- 2.7.1 Language-specific Analysis in the Danish Tradition -- 2.7.2 The Problem of Formulating a Universal Definition of Finiteness -- 2.7.3 Defining Finiteness in Danish -- Part 2 Sign Relations -- Introduction to Part 2 -- 3 Indexicality -- 3.1 Introduction.

3.1.1 Identifying, Situational, Systemic and Structural Indexes -- 3.2 The Basic Structure of the Indexical Relation and Its Relata -- 3.3 Indexical Function of Variants -- 3.3.1 Allomorphs as Indexes of Expression Components and Signs -- 3.3.2 Content Variants as Indicata -- 3.4 No Content Elements as Indexes -- 3.5 Typology of Indexical Relations -- 3.5.1 Sign-index/Sign-indicatum -- 3.5.2 Sign-index/Expression-indicatum -- 3.5.3 Expression-index/Expression-indicatum -- 3.5.4 Expression-index/Sign-indicatum -- 3.5.5 Expression-index/Content-indicatum -- 3.5.6 Sign-index/Content-indicatum -- 3.5.7 Indexing Invariant Content -- 3.6 The Sign Function of Indexical Relations -- 3.6.1 The Three Basic Types of Indexing -- 3.7 Extending the Concept: Entailed Knowledge of Co-occurrence -- 4 Syntagmatic Relations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Syntax of Morphemes: Combinatorial and MeronymicRelations -- 4.2.1 Integrating Constituency and Dependency -- 4.3 Combinatorial Relations: Dependency and Government -- 4.3.1 Open and Closed Dependency -- 4.3.2 Weak and Strong Government -- 4.3.3 Dependency-Government Match -- 4.3.4 Typology of Combinatorial Relations -- 4.3.5 Interdependency -- 4.3.6 Lexical vs. Categorial Combinatorics -- 4.3.7 Categories on Different Levels -- 4.4 Meronymic Relations: Constituency -- 4.4.1 Parataxis -- 4.4.2 Hypotaxis -- 4.4.3 Catataxis -- 4.5 Typology of Syntagmatic Types -- 4.6 The Indexicality of Dependency -- 4.6.1 Element-indicatum and Set-indicatum -- 4.6.2 Dependents are Indexes for Governors -- 4.6.3 Strong Government Makes the Governor Indexical -- 4.6.4 The Indexical Reciprocity of Interdependency -- 5 Paradigmatic Relations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Classical Inflectional Paradigm -- 5.3 The Structuralist Concept of a Paradigm -- 5.4 Difference Relations -- 5.4.1 Difference in Information Theory.

5.4.2 Different Types of Difference Relations -- 5.4.3 The Typology of Difference Relations -- 5.5 The Structural-Functional Paradigm Model -- 5.5.1 Examples of Oppositions, Domains and Frames -- 5.5.2 Grammatical Phenomena without Paradigms -- 5.6 The Semantic Frame and the Content of Oppositional Specifications -- 5.6.1 The Type of Difference Relation within the Frame -- 5.6.2 The Methodological Challenges of Frame Formulation -- 5.6.3 Obligatoriness, Zero Expression and the Value 'Neutral' -- 5.6.4 Constituency and Dependency as Material for Paradigm Frames -- 6 The Zero Sign -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Zero from a Structural Perspective -- 6.2.1 Haas's Warning against Unjustified Zeros -- 6.3 A Set of Criteria for Zero -- 6.3.1 Mel'čuk's Criteria for Zero -- 6.3.2 Additional Criterion: Indexical Support -- 6.4 The Status of Zero as Absence -- 6.4.1 Different Expression Domains of Zero -- 6.4.2 Zero Expression as an Operation -- 6.4.3 Zero as Shorthand in Analysis and Glossing -- 6.5 Morphemic and Allomorphic Zero -- 6.5.1 No Need for Non-Zero Alternants -- 6.5.2 Allomorphs as Members of Alloparadigms -- 6.5.3 The Problem of Zero vs. Zero -- 6.6 Content of the Zero Sign -- 6.6.1 Structural Difference -- 6.6.2 Equipollence and Privativity -- 6.6.3 Markedness and the Content of Zero -- 6.6.4 Determining the Meaning of Absence -- 6.7 Zeros of Different Orders -- 6.7.1 First Order Zero: Morphemic Meaningful Absence -- 6.7.2 Zero Order Zero: Allomorphic Meaningful Absence -- 6.7.3 Second Order Zero: Supermorphemic Meaningful Absence -- 6.7.4 A Second Order Opposition: Danish Mood Inflection -- 6.7.5 The System of Orders of Zero -- Part 3 Morphological Relations within and across Categories -- Introduction to Part 3 -- 7 Inflection and Derivation -- 7.1 Preliminary Observations -- 7.2 The Traditional Distinction between Inflection and Derivation.

7.3 The Descriptive Problem of the Traditional Distinction -- 7.4 Some Suggestions for a Definition of the Distinction -- 7.4.1 Scalise 1988 -- 7.4.2 Bybee 1985 -- 7.4.3 Haspelmath 1996 -- 7.5 Entanglement and Disentanglement -- 7.5.1 Mode of Expression vs. Mode of Relation -- 7.5.2 Other Elementary Issues -- 7.5.3 A Note on Some Proposals for Disentanglement -- 7.6 A Less Presumptive Approach -- 7.7 Analysis of Grammatical Options -- 8 The Combinatorial Properties of Morphological Structures -- 8.1 Component and Totality -- 8.2 Combinatorial Potential -- 8.2.1 A Typology of Difference in Combinatorial Potential -- 8.2.2 Morphemes and Selectional Sets in the Light of Combinatorial Potential -- 9 Relations across Categories -- 9.1 Transposition vs. Specification -- 9.2 Functional Differentiation -- 10 Dependency in Morphological Combination -- 10.1 Hjelmslev's Proposal -- 10.2 Relata of Dependency: Element or Set -- 10.3 Interdependency Everywhere? -- 10.4 Different Levels of Dependency: Hierarchy and Constituency -- 10.5 Domain of Dependency -- 10.6 The Case of Danish Verb Forms -- 10.7 Types of Dependency Relations in Morphology -- 11 Expansion and Its Absence in Transcategorial Relations -- 11.1 Zero Signs in Functional Differentiation -- 11.2 Differentiation without Zero: Adverbialisation in Italian -- 11.2.1 Elaboration of the Index Criterion -- 11.2.2 The Second Order Exponent of Nominal Ascription -- 11.3 Differentiation with Zero as Allo-expression: Adverbialisation in English -- 11.4 Final Remarks -- Summary of Part 3 -- Part 4 Three Studies in Danish Nonfinite Verb Forms -- Introduction to Part 4 -- 12 Infinitive in Danish: Zero vs. at -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Structure of the Infinitive -- 12.2.1 The Infinitive as a Morphological Totality -- 12.2.2 The Morphosyntactic Status of at -- 12.3 Functions of the Two Infinitive Forms.

12.3.1 Function of the Zero Infinitive -- 12.3.2 Function of the at Infinitive -- 12.3.3 Comparison of the Two Sets of Functions -- 12.3.4 The Functional Differentiation of zero vs. at -- 12.4 Indexical Function of +/− at -- 12.5 Dependency, Anchorage and Determination -- 12.5.1 Domain of Dependency and Nonfinite Predication -- 12.5.2 Ways of Satisfying the Need for Anchorage -- 12.5.3 Determination -- 12.6 The Transcategorial Paradigm of Determination -- 13 Supine vs. Perfect Participle in Danish -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Form and Function of the Supine -- 13.2.1 Function of the Supine -- 13.2.2 Constructions without Auxiliary -- 13.2.3 Summary of the Functions of the Supine in Danish -- 13.3 Form and Function of the Perfect Participle -- 13.4 Determination of Voice -- 13.4.1 Determination of Voice of the Supine -- 13.4.2 Determination of Voice of the Participle -- 13.4.3 Comparison of Voice Determination of the Two Forms -- 13.5 The Semantic Differentiation of Supine vs. Participle -- 13.5.1 Functional Differentiation -- 13.5.2 Differentiation of Voice Determination -- 13.6 The Second Order Opposition of Supine vs. Participle -- 13.6.1 Expression Contrast: Presence vs. Absence of Paradigmatic Selection -- 13.6.2 The Morphological Paradigm Supine vs. Participle -- 13.7 The Function of -t and the Relative vs. Infinitive Distinction -- 13.7.1 The Content of -t is 'Relative' -- 13.7.2 Infinitive vs. Relative -- 13.8 The Transcategorial Paradigm of Relative Nonfinites -- 14 Supine in Danish and Swedish -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Morphology of the Supine -- 14.2.1 Morphology of the Supine and the Perfect Participle in Swedish -- 14.2.2 Morphological Comparison -- 14.3 Function of the Two Supines -- 14.3.1 A Recapitulation of the Function of the Danish Supine -- 14.3.2 Function of the Supine in Swedish.

14.3.3 Periphrastic Passive with Perfect Participle in Swedish.

In this book Peter Juul Nielsen examines the foundations of morphological theory from a structural-functional perspective on language as a sign system with the empirical challenge of describing the nonfinite verb forms in Danish as his point of departure.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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