Optical Design Using Excel : Practical Calculations for Laser Optical Systems.
Material type:
- text
- computer
- online resource
- 9781118939130
- 621.366
- QC688 .N353 2015
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Author -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Geometrical Optics -- 1.1 Characteristics of Lasers -- 1.2 The Three Fundamental Characteristics of Light Which Form the Basis of Geometrical Optics -- 1.2.1 Light Rays Travel in Straight Lines -- 1.2.2 Light Rays Act Independently of One Another -- 1.2.3 Reflection of Light Rays -- 1.2.4 Refraction of Light Rays -- 1.3 Fermat's Principle -- 1.3.1 Rectilinear Propagation -- 1.3.2 Reflection -- 1.3.3 Refraction -- 1.3.4 An Ideal Imaging System Using Lenses -- 1.4 Principle of Reversibility -- 1.5 Paraxial Theory Using Thin Lenses -- 1.5.1 Equation of a Spherical Lens Surface -- 1.5.2 Wave Front Radii of Incident Rays versus Rays Refracted by a Convex Lens -- 1.5.3 The Refractive Power of a Lens and the Thin Lens Equations -- 1.5.4 Imaging Equations for a Lens -- 1.5.5 Simple Lenses -- 1.5.6 The Focal Lengths and Principal Points of a Two-Lens Combination -- 1.6 The Five Seidel Aberrations -- 1.6.1 Monochromatic Aberration: A Brief Outline -- 1.6.2 Ray Aberration -- 1.7 The Sine Condition -- 1.7.1 The Abbe Sine Condition -- 1.7.2 The Sine Condition for an Off-Axis Object and Its Off-Axis Image -- 1.8 Aplanatic Lenses -- 1.9 Reflection and Transmission -- 1.9.1 Angles of Reflection and Refraction -- 1.9.2 Amplitude Reflection and Transmission Coefficients -- 1.9.3 Reflectance and Transmittance -- References -- Chapter 2 Examples of Simple Optical Design Using Paraxial Theory -- 2.1 Types of Lenses -- 2.1.1 Plano-Convex Lens and Plano-Concave Lens -- 2.1.2 Biconvex Lens -- 2.1.3 Meniscus Lens -- 2.1.4 Cylindrical Lens -- 2.1.5 Achromatic Lens -- 2.1.6 Aspheric Lens -- 2.1.7 Microscope Objective Lens -- 2.1.8 Camera Lens -- 2.1.9 f-θ Lens -- 2.1.10 Fresnel Lens -- 2.1.11 Rod Lens -- 2.2 Applied Calculations for Simple Optical Systems.
2.3 Considerations Relating to the Design of Laser Optical Systems -- 2.3.1 Design Safety -- 2.3.2 Polarization -- 2.3.3 Antireflection Coatings -- 2.3.4 Problems Caused by Interference of Light -- 2.3.5 Mirrors -- 2.3.6 Considerations Relating to a Combination of Cylindrical Lenses -- 2.3.7 Reducing or Eliminating Stray Rays -- 2.3.8 Mechanical Requirements of Optical Systems -- Chapter 3 Ray Tracing Applications of Paraxial Theory -- 3.1 Deriving the Equations for Ray Tracing Using Paraxial Theory -- 3.2 Problems of Ray Tracing Calculations Using Paraxial Theory -- Chapter 4 Two-Dimensional Ray Tracing -- 4.1 Ray Tracing for a Spherical Surface -- 4.2 Ray Tracing for a Plane Surface -- 4.2.1 Vertical Plane (α=0) -- 4.2.2 Inclined Plane (α ≠ 0) -- 4.3 Ray Tracing for an Aspheric Surface (Using VBA Programming) -- 4.3.1 An Aspheric Lens Used for Collimating Light Rays Emitted from a Laser Diode -- 4.3.2 Ray Tracing for an Aspheric Lens Using a VBA Program -- 4.4 Ray Tracing for an Aberration-Free Lens -- 4.4.1 Ray Tracing Procedure for an Aberration-Free Lens -- 4.5 Optical Path Length Calculation for an Aberration-Free Lens -- 4.5.1 Calculate the Coordinates of the Virtual Object and Its Virtual Image for an Aberration-Free Lens -- 4.5.2 Obtain the Imaginary Object P(z,y) -- 4.5.3 Obtain the Imaginary Image P'(z',y') -- 4.5.4 Optical Path Length Adjustment for an Aberration-Free Lens -- 4.6 Ray Tracing for an Optical System Which Is Set at a Tilt -- 4.6.1 Ray Tracing for the Rays Traveling to the Incident Plane IQ (Tilted at an Angle α) -- 4.6.2 Transformation of the Coordinate to the Lens Coordinates (Rotation of the Axis through Angle α) -- 4.6.3 Ray Tracing for Rays Passing through the Lens.
4.6.4 Calculate the Exiting Ray ΔD, wD, tan θD on the Plane KR Which Is Tilted at an Angle -α to the Lens Coordinate System (Which Is Normal to the Exiting Optical Axis) -- 4.6.5 Transform the Coordinates Back into the Incident Ray Coordinate System (Rotate Axis through an Angle -α) -- 4.7 How to Use the Ray Trace Calculation Table -- 4.7.1 Calculation Table -- 4.7.2 Calculation Results -- 4.7.3 Aspheric Lens Ray Tracing -- 4.7.4 Explanation of Symbols Used -- 4.8 A Method for Generating a Ray Trace Calculation Table Using a VBA Program -- 4.8.1 Two-Dimensional Ray Trace Calculation Table Using VBA Programming -- 4.8.2 Output of Calculation Results -- 4.9 Sample Ray Tracing Problems -- References -- Chapter 5 Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing -- 5.1 Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing for a Spherical Surface -- 5.1.1 Calculate the Intersection Coordinates (wkx, wky, Δk) of the Ray with the kth Surface -- 5.1.2 Calculate the Incident Angle θa and the Refraction Angle θb for the Surface -- 5.1.3 Calculate the Slopes tan θkx, tan θky of the Refracted Ray -- 5.1.4 Calculate the Optical Path Length -- 5.2 Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing for a Cylindrical Surface -- 5.2.1 Calculate the Intersection Coordinates (wkx, wky, Δk) of the Ray with the Surface -- 5.2.2 Calculate the Incident Angle θa and the Refraction Angle θb for the Surface -- 5.2.3 Calculate the x- and y-Components of the Slope of the Output Ray, tan θkx, and tan θky -- 5.2.4 Calculate the Optical Path Length -- 5.3 Simulation for Two Cylindrical Lenses Which Are Fixed Longitudinally (or Laterally) but Allowed to Rotate Slightly around the Optical Axis -- 5.3.1 Rotate Rays by an Angle Φ around the Optical Axis -- 5.4 Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing for a Plane Surface Which Is Perpendicular to the Optical Axis -- 5.4.1 Calculate the x- and y-Components of the Ray Height wkx, wky at the Boundary Surface.
5.4.2 Calculate the Incident Angle θa and the Refraction Angle θb at the Boundary Surface -- 5.5 Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing for an Aberration-Free Lens -- 5.5.1 Three-Dimensional Expression of Ray Refraction by an Aberration-Free Lens -- 5.5.2 Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing for an Aberration-Free Lens -- 5.5.3 Optical Path Length Correction for an Aberration-Free Lens -- 5.6 Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing for a Lens Which Is Set at a Tilt -- 5.6.1 Rotation of the Incident Rays by an Angle-Φ -- 5.6.2 Ray Tracing for a Lens Tilted at an Angle α -- 5.6.3 Rotating the Exiting Rays (by an Angle Φ) Back to Their Original Orientation -- 5.7 How to Use the Three-Dimensional Ray Trace Calculation Table -- 5.7.1 Calculation Table -- 5.7.2 Calculation Results -- 5.7.3 Explanation of Symbols Used -- 5.8 Operating Instructions Using the Ray Trace Calculation Table, while Running the VBA Program -- 5.8.1 Using the Three-Dimensional Ray Trace Calculation Table while Running the VBA Program -- 5.8.2 Calculation Results Table -- 5.9 Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing Problems -- Reference -- Chapter 6 Mathematical Formulae for Describing Wave Motion -- 6.1 Mathematical Formulae for Describing Wave Motion -- 6.1.1 The Equations of One Dimensional Wave Motion -- 6.1.2 Harmonic Waves -- 6.1.3 Wave Equations -- 6.2 Describing Waves with Complex Exponential Functions -- 6.3 Problems Relating to Wave Motion -- Reference -- Chapter 7 Calculations for Focusing Gaussian Beams -- 7.1 What is a Gaussian Beam? -- 7.1.1 First Term in Equation (7.1): Law of Energy Conservation Multiplier -- 7.1.2 Second Term in Equation (7.1): Phase -- 7.1.3 Third Term in Equation (7.1): Electric Field Distribution -- 7.1.4 Fourth Term in Equation (7.1): Spherical Wave Front -- 7.1.5 Equation (7.2): Beam Radius -- 7.1.6 Equation (7.3): Radius of Curvature of the Spherical Wave Front.
7.1.7 Equation (7.5): Beam Waist Radius -- 7.1.8 Equation (7.6): Distance to Beam Waist -- 7.2 Equations for Focusing a Gaussian Beam -- 7.3 The M2 (M Squared) Factor -- 7.3.1 Definition of the M2 Factor -- 7.3.2 Beam Propagation Equations after Taking M2 Factor into Account -- 7.4 Sample Gaussian Beam Focusing Problems -- References -- Chapter 8 Diffraction: Theory and Calculations -- 8.1 The Concept of Diffraction -- 8.1.1 Huygens' Explanation of Wave Propagation Phenomena -- 8.2 Diffraction at a Slit Aperture -- 8.3 Diffraction Calculations Using Numerical Integration -- 8.4 Diffraction at a Rectangular Aperture -- 8.5 Diffraction at a Circular Aperture -- 8.6 Diffraction Wave Generated after the Incident Wave Exits a Focusing Lens -- 8.7 Diffraction Calculation Problems -- References -- Chapter 9 Calculations for Gaussian Beam Diffraction -- 9.1 The Power and the Central Irradiance of a Gaussian Beam -- 9.1.1 The Power of a Truncated Gaussian Beam -- 9.1.2 The Power and the Central Irradiance of an Elliptical Gaussian Beam -- 9.1.3 Irradiance Distribution of an Elliptical Gaussian Beam -- 9.1.4 The Power and the Central Irradiance of a One-Dimensional Gaussian Beam -- 9.2 General Equations for Waves Diffracted by an Aperture -- 9.3 Diffraction Wave Equations for a Focused Beam -- 9.3.1 Diffraction Wave Equation for a Beam Focused on the Focal Plane -- 9.3.2 Diffraction Wave Equation for a Focused Beam on a Defocused Plane -- 9.3.3 Diffraction Equation for a Focused Beam, in Polar Coordinates -- 9.3.4 One-Dimensional Expression of the Diffraction Wave for Focusing a Beam -- 9.4 Diffraction Wave Equations for a Collimated Beam -- 9.4.1 Diffraction Wave Equation for a Collimated Beam -- 9.4.2 Diffraction Wave Equation for a Collimated Beam with a Defocused Setting -- 9.4.3 Diffraction Wave Equation for a Collimated Beam, in Polar Coordinates.
9.4.4 One-Dimensional Expression of a Diffraction Wave for a Collimated Beam.
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