Public Participation for 21st Century Democracy.

Intro -- Public Participation for 21st Century Democracy -- Contents -- List of Figures, Exhibits, and Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Part One Participation in a Rapidly Changing Democracy -- Chapter One Citizenship, Outside the Public Square -- Confident, Frustrated, Connected, and Lonely: The Curious Case of the 21st Century Citizen -- Public Problem-Solvers, Who Distrust the Official Public Problem-Solvers -- Civil in Private, but Not in Public -- Connected-and Lonely -- The Failing Infrastructure of the Public Square -- Where We Go from Here -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Two Good or Bad? Charming or Tedious? Understanding Public Participation -- Defining Public Participation and Exploring Its Modern Forms -- Thick Participation -- Thin Participation -- Conventional Participation -- Why Does Conventional Participation Cause Problems? -- What Is "Good" Participation? -- How Does Good Participation Solve Problems? -- Why Bad Participation Happens to Good People -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Three Pictures from a (R)evolution: The Fitful Development of Public Participation in the United States -- The Democratic Roots of Participation in the Ancient World -- Democracy in America Before Columbus -- Democracy and Republicanism in the Founding of the United States -- Participatory Populism in 19th Century America -- The Expansion of Expertise -- Participation in the War on Poverty -- Not Citizens, but "Customers" -- Not in My Back Yard (or School, or Neighborhood) -- Why Can't We All Just Get Along? (and, Is That Enough?) -- Participatory Tactics on the 2008 Campaign Trail, but Not the White House -- Bigger Governance Through Technology -- A Final Snapshot: The Current State of Our Participation Infrastructure -- Empowering and Activating Leaders and Networks -- Assembling Participation Building Blocks.

Providing Systemic Supports -- Summary -- References -- Part Two Participation in Action -- Chapter Four Participation in Education -- The Development of Participation in Education -- Family Engagement in Student Learning -- Redistricting, School Closures, and Funding -- School Standards and Testing -- Achievement Gaps -- School Safety and Bullying -- Official Settings for Participation in Education -- District Level -- School Level -- Classroom Level -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Leaders and Networks for Participation in Education -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Building Blocks for Participation in Education -- Disseminating Information About Schools and Education -- Gathering Input and Data -- Discussing and Connecting -- Enabling Family and Student Decision Making -- Enabling Community Decision Making on Education Issues -- Encouraging Public Work -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Systemic Supports for Participation in Education -- Training and Skill Development -- Professional Incentives for Educators and Other Participation Leaders -- Policies and Procedures -- Funding and Budgeting -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Five Participation in Health -- The Development of Participation in Health -- Messaging and Healthy Behavior -- The "Healthy Communities" Movement -- Mapping Inequities in Health -- Engaging Citizens in Health Policymaking -- Patient Engagement and Patient-Centered Care -- Official Settings for Participation in Health -- Community Level -- Hospital/Clinic Level -- Patient/Citizen Level -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Leaders and Networks for Participation in Health -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Building Blocks for Participation in Health -- Disseminating Information About Health -- Gathering Input and Data -- Discussing and Connecting -- Enabling Patient and Family Decision Making.

Enabling Community Decision Making -- Encouraging Public Work -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Systemic Supports for Participation in Health -- Training and Skill Development -- Professional Incentives for Health Practitioners and Other Participation Leaders -- Policies and Procedures -- Funding and Budgeting -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Six Participation in Planning and Land Use -- The Development of Participation in Planning and Land Use -- Major Zoning Decisions -- Community and Neighborhood Visioning -- Community Development Planning -- Reporting Problems and Prioritizing Improvements -- Official Settings for Participation in Planning and Land Use -- Community Level -- Neighborhood Level -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Leaders and Networks for Participation in Planning -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Building Blocks for Participation in Planning -- Disseminating Information About Planning and Land Use -- Gathering Input and Data -- Discussing and Connecting -- Enabling Neighborhood Decision Making -- Enabling Community Decision Making -- Encouraging Public Work -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Systemic Supports for Participation in Planning -- Training and Skill Development -- Professional Incentives for Planners and Other Participation Leaders -- Policies and Procedures -- Funding and Budgeting -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Seven Participation in State and Federal Government -- The Development of Participation in the Legislative Branch -- The "Mad and Angry Folks" -- When Other Organizations Convene, Legislators (Sometimes) Listen -- The Challenge of Scale and Policy Connection -- The Development of Participation in the Administrative Realm -- The Legal Framework for Participation -- "Outside Pressure" and the "Potentially Concerned Public" -- The "Best Brains Available" -- The Open Government Directive.

The Best Brains Online -- Official Settings for Participation in State and Federal Government -- Interactions with Elected Officials -- Avenues for Participation in State and Federal Agency Decisions -- Avenues for Participation on Local Decisions Made by State and Federal Agencies -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Leaders and Networks for Participation in State and Federal Government -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Building Blocks for Participation in State and Federal Government -- Disseminating Information -- Gathering Input and Data -- Discussing and Connecting -- Enabling Community Decision Making -- Enabling State and Federal Decision Making -- Encouraging Public Work -- Strengthening the Infrastructure: Systemic Supports for Participation in State and Federal Government -- Training and Skill Development -- Professional Incentives for State and Federal Officials -- Funding and Budgeting -- Policies and Procedures -- Summary -- References -- Part Three Participation for Democracy, Present and Future -- Chapter Eight Participation Scenarios and Tactics -- Trapped in the Foxhole: Conventional Participation -- Planning for Participation: Key Questions to Answer -- Who Should Participate and How Will Participants Be Recruited? -- How Will Participants Interact with Each Other and with Decision-Makers? -- What Information Do Participants Need to Be Prepared? -- How Will Participation Impact Policy Decisions, Problem-Solving Efforts, or Other Kinds of Public Action? -- Participation Scenarios: Matching the Goals of "Engagers" and "Engaged" -- Scenario 1: Participation Leaders Want to Inform the Public -- Scenario 2: Participation Leaders Want to Gather Public Input, Feedback, and Preferences -- Scenario 3: Participation Leaders Want Citizens to Generate New Ideas or New Data.

Scenario 4: Participation Leaders Want to Support Volunteerism and Citizen-Driven Problem Solving -- Scenario 5: Participation Leaders Want to Make a Policy Decision -- Scenario 6: Participation Leaders Want to Develop a Plan or a Budget -- Participation Tactics: Matching Approaches to Scenarios -- Tactic 1: Social Media Aggregation -- Tactic 2: Surveys and Polls -- Tactic 3: Focus Groups -- Tactic 4: Online Platforms for Reporting Problems and Gathering Data -- Tactic 5: Crowdsourcing and Contests -- Tactic 6: Crowdfunding and Mini-Grants -- Tactic 7: Serious Games -- Tactic 8: Wiki-Based Platforms for Collaborative Mapping or Writing -- Tactic 9: Using Online Networks to Connect with Others -- Tactic 10: Collaborative Planning -- Tactic 11: Participatory Budgeting -- Tactic 12: Public Deliberation -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Nine Assembling Participation Infrastructure -- Connecting the Building Blocks for Participation -- Participation Commissions -- Systemic Supports for Participation -- Local Participation Ordinances -- Citizens' Academies and Other Participation Training Programs -- Online Participation Dashboards -- Envisioning Stronger Participation Infrastructure -- Making It Clear That Participation Is a Cross-Sector Priority -- Using Plainer, More Compelling Language -- Encouraging Both Progressive and Conservative Visions -- Using Visual Aids, Like Charts and Maps -- Encouraging Artistic Expressions of Democracy -- Small "d" democratic Planning for Small "d" democratic Infrastructure -- Summary -- References -- Chapter Ten Building Democracy -- Where Is Democracy Headed? -- Trend 1: People and Information -- Trend 2: People and Public Money -- Trend 3: People and Cultural Difference -- What We are Talking About When We Talk About Participation -- What Kind of Democracy Do We Want? -- Summary -- References -- Name Index.

Subject Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.