State and Administration in Japan and Germany : A Comparative Perspective on Continuity and Change.

Intro -- Foreword -- Comparative Research on the State and Administration in Germany and Japan: The Framework -- 1 Comparative Goals -- 2 Comparing Policies -- I Macrostructure and Macropolitics -- Post-war Politics in Japan: Bureaucracy versus the Party/Parties in Power -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pluralism and the Bureaucracy -- 3 Characteristics of the Japanese Bureaucracy -- 4 History of Japan's Bureaucracy -- 5 Maximum Mobilization and Personnel Administration -- 6 Budget Formulation: The Case for Integration -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- From State of Authority to Network State: The German State in Developmental Perspective -- 1 The German State as a Model for Meiji Japan -- 2 Institutional Continuity and Change in the German Policy -- 3 Institutional Options and "Bounded Rationality" in State-building Processes -- 4 Institutional Layers of the German Polity: Federalism and the Legacy of the Old Reich -- 5 The Administrative State and the Varieties of State Interventionism -- 6 Parliamentarism and Party Government -- 7 The Corporatist Legacies of the "Old Reich" and of the 19th Century -- 8 Ambiguities of Citizenship in the German Nation-state -- 9 The German State and European Integration -- References -- Administrative Reform in Japan: Semi-autonomous Bureaucracy under the Pressure toward a Small Government -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Genesis -- 3 The Reform Agenda -- 4 Why Small Government? -- 5 The Performance of SPARC -- 6 Semi-autonomous Bureaucracy -- 7 Administrative Reform and Coalition Politics -- 8 The Local Level Reform -- 9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Modernization of the Public Sector and Public Administration in the Federal Republic of Germany - (Mostly) A Story of Fragmented Incrementalism -- 1 Reconstruction of Public Administration in Post-war (West-)Germany in Neglection of Reforms.

2 Public Sector Reforms in the 1960s and Early 1970s Within an Expanded Welfare State -- 2.1 Federal Level -- 2.2 Länder Level -- 2.3 Local Level -- 3 Period between Mid-1970s and Late 1980s: Years of Economic Recession, Budgetary Squeeze and Neo-liberal Beliefs Gaining Ascendancy -- 3.1 Federal Level -- 3.2 Länder Level -- 3.3 Local Level -- 4 Development Since the Late 1980s: Upsurge of a "Modernization of the Public Sector" Debate in Germany vis-à-vis Changed International and Domestic Contexts -- 4.1 Federal Level -- 4.2 Länder Level -- 4.3 Local Level -- 5 German Unification and Administrative Reform -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- II Policy Arenas and Networks - A Comparative Policy Approach -- Social Policy in Japan: Building a Welfare State in a Conservative One Dominant Party System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Analytical Framework -- 3 Analysis of Social Security Legislation -- 4 Integration of Social Programs into a Coherent System -- 5 Impacts of Social Policy on Social Stratification in Japan -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- State and Society in German Social Policy: "Path-dependent" Responses to New Challenges -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Features of the German Weifare State -- 2.1 Historical Origins -- 2.2 Patterns of State-Society Relations -- 3 Impacts of Economic Structural Change and the Transformation in the East: Rising Unemployment -- 3.1 Welfare Assistance: Shifting the Burden of Poverty to the Local Level -- 3.2 The Implantation of State - Society Relationships in the Five New Länder: Extending the Existing Networks of Health Care Funds -- 3.3 "Path-Dependency" in the German Welfare State: An Insurance Solution in Long-Term Care -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Financing the Japanese Industries: Industrial Policies of The Financial Ministry and Financial Policies of The Industrial Ministry -- 1 Introduction.

2 The Structure of Society -- 3 The Structure of the State -- 3.1 The Ministry of Finance -- 3.2 The Bank of Japan -- 3.3 The Ministry of International Trade and Industry -- 4 The Structure of Policy Networks -- 4.1 Financial Policy Network -- 4.2 Industrial Policy Network -- 4.3 Between Industrial and Financial Policy Networks -- 5 Mode of the Linkage -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Industrial Policy in Germany: Old Issues and New Challenges -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Macroeconomic Framework for Industrial Policy in Germany: Productivity, Welfare and Work Organization -- 2.1 Historical Productivity Trends and Changes in the International Productivity Hierarchy -- 2.2 The International Productivity Hierarchy, Changing Hegemonic World Centres and Production Regimes -- 2.3 Productivity and Welfare -- 3 National Profiles and the Effectiveness of Industrial Policy -- 4 Four Cases of Industrial Policy in Germany -- 4.1 The Performance of Germany's Core Industrial Sectors -- 4.2 Public Sector Politics in Germany -- 4.3 Industrial Policy and Sectoral Change within German Industry -- 4.4 Industrial Policy in the New Federal States -- 5 German Industrial Policy in the Context of the European Union: Potentials, Limitations, Oppositions -- References -- Cooptation or New Possibility? Japanese Labor Politics in the Era of Neo-Conservatism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Labor and the State in the 1980s -- 2.1 Administrative Reform and Labor -- 2.2 Employment Policy: Small Government for Labor? -- 2.3 Labor Ministry Offensive: Deregulating Labor Policy? -- 3 Analysis -- 3.1 Coalitional Base: Labor-Management Coalition for Small Government -- 3.2 Institutional Base: Policy Network of Labor -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Concerted Cooperation and Immobilism: Labour Policy in Germany and the Regulation of Early Exit -- 1 Introduction.

2 Retirement Age Policy as an Element of Labour Policy -- 3 Politics "of Production": Broad Strategic Direction Determined by State Regulation -- 3.1 Security in Old Age -- 3.2 Non-decisions: The Fate of Part-time Retirement -- 3.3 Employment Maintenance -- 4 Politics "in Production" -- 4.1 Protection against Dismissal and Rationalization -- 4.2 Problem-solving and Cooperation at Firm-level -- 5 Retirement Age Policy and the Constitution of the "Exit-regime" -- 5.1 Change and Stability -- 5.2 Concerted Cooperation -- 5.3 Prevention and Compensation -- 5.4 The Link between the Logics of Compensation and Externalization -- 5.5 Steering and Control -- 5.6 Design Principles and Patterns of Orientation -- 6 Outlook -- References -- Three Contentious Issues in the Political Process of Telecommunications Liberalization in Japan: Neglect of Infrastructural Problems? -- 1 Subject and Goals of Investigation -- 2 Actors -- 2.1 Ministries -- 2.2 The Cabinet and its Advisory Council -- 2.3 The Governing Party and Politicians Belonging to it -- 2.4 Opposition Parties and Unions -- 2.5 Telecommunications Companies: the NTTPC or NTT -- 2.6 The USA as International Actor -- 3 Three Contentious Issues -- 3.1 Corporate Status: Privatization -- 3.2 Flotation of Shares -- 3.3 Liberalization of the Telephone Network, Infrastructural Access, and Customer Premises Equipment Markets -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- III The Governance Structure -- Revising the Interpretation of the Japanese Economy: Political Intervention and Market Competition in the Distribution System -- 1 The Emergence of Revisionist Theories Concerning Japan -- 2 The Japanese Political Economy as Seen Through the Large-Scale Retail Store Law -- 3 A Re-evaluation of the Japanese Political-Economic System -- 4 A Re-evaluation of the Large-Scale Retail Store Law -- 5 Conclusions -- References.

Future Perspectives of State and Administration in Japan and Germany -- 1 State and Administration in Japan and Germany in the Context of Modernization Trends in OECD Countries -- 2 State and Administration in Japan and Germany: Two Modernization Profiles -- 2.1 Japan: Persistence of Governance by Rule and Reduction in Public Sector Employment -- 2.2 Germany: Persistence of Governance by Rule and the Use of Skilled Labour -- 3 Issues and Trends in Modernizing the Central State in Japan -- 4 Issues and Trends in Modernizing the Central State in Germany -- 4.1 Three Basic Requirements of Government Policy -- 4.2 Redefining Public-sector Tasks: Political Task Controlling -- 4.3 Modernization of Central State Organization -- 4.4 From Personnel Management to Personnel Development -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- About the Contributors.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.