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Shotcrete : Materials, Performance and Use.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextSeries: Modern Concrete Technology SeriesPublisher: Milton : Taylor & Francis Group, 2020Copyright date: ©2022Edition: 1st edDescription: 1 online resource (511 pages)Content type:
  • text
Media type:
  • computer
Carrier type:
  • online resource
ISBN:
  • 9781482264111
Subject(s): Genre/Form: Additional physical formats: Print version:: ShotcreteDDC classification:
  • 620.1/36
LOC classification:
  • TA446 .M674 2022
Online resources:
Contents:
Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Authors -- Part I: History, material, performances, research and development, equipment and applications -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2: Shotcrete definitions and terminology -- 2.1 What is shotcrete? -- 2.2 Shotcrete processes -- 2.3 Shotcrete terminology -- References -- Chapter 3: History of shotcrete -- 3.1 The invention -- 3.2 The first 50 years -- 3.3 The next 50 years -- 3.3.1 Wet-mix shotcrete -- 3.3.2 Steel fibre -- 3.3.3 Silica fume -- 3.3.4 Synthetic fibre -- 3.3.5 Chemical admixtures -- 3.4 Shotcrete quality -- 3.5 Shotcrete research and development -- References -- Chapter 4: Shotcrete materials -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Cement -- 4.3 Supplementary cementing materials -- 4.3.1 Fly ash -- 4.3.2 Silica fume -- 4.3.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag -- 4.3.4 Natural pozzolans -- 4.4 Aggregates -- 4.4.1 Grading requirements -- 4.4.2 Aggregate durability -- 4.5 Chemical admixtures -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Dry-mix shotcrete admixtures -- 4.5.2.1 Water reducers -- 4.5.2.2 Air entrainment -- 4.5.2.3 Accelerators -- 4.5.3 Wet-mix shotcrete admixtures -- 4.5.3.1 Water reducers -- 4.5.3.2 Retarders and hydration-controlling admixtures -- 4.5.3.3 Set accelerators -- 4.5.3.4 Air-entraining admixtures -- 4.5.3.5 Other admixtures -- 4.6 Fibres -- 4.6.1 Introduction -- 4.6.2 Macrofibres -- 4.6.2.1 Steel fibres -- 4.6.2.2 Synthetic fibres -- 4.6.3 Microfibres -- 4.6.3.1 Synthetic fibres -- 4.6.3.2 Natural fibres -- 4.7 Water -- References -- Chapter 5: Shotcrete mixture proportioning -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Wet-mix shotcrete proportioning -- 5.2.1 Basics -- 5.2.2 Wet-mix shotcrete mixture design -- 5.2.2.1 Structural shotcrete mix design for parking structure.
5.2.2.2 Shotcrete mix design for underground support in mine -- 5.3 Dry-mix shotcrete proportioning -- 5.3.1 Basics -- 5.3.2 Dry-mix shotcrete mixture design -- References -- Chapter 6: Shotcrete performance requirements -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Workability -- 6.3 Air content -- 6.4 Rebound -- 6.5 Setting time -- 6.6 Early-age compressive strength -- 6.7 Later-age compressive strength -- 6.8 Flexural strength -- 6.9 Flexural toughness -- 6.10 Bond strength -- 6.11 Shrinkage and cracking -- 6.12 Freeze-thaw durability -- 6.12.1 Wet-mix shotcrete freeze-thaw durability -- 6.12.2 Dry-mix shotcrete freeze-thaw durability -- 6.13 Durability -- 6.13.1 Introduction -- 6.14 Transport properties -- 6.14.1 Introduction -- 6.14.2 Shotcrete transport properties study at Laval University -- 6.14.3 Shotcrete transport properties study by Zhang et al. -- 6.14.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Shotcrete research and development -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Dry-mix shotcrete -- 7.2.1 Use of set accelerators -- 7.2.2 Use of powdered air-entraining admixture -- 7.2.3 Improving shotcrete quality and reducing rebound -- 7.2.3.1 Aggregate size distribution -- 7.2.3.2 Rebound and non-traditional materials -- 7.3 Wet-mix shotcrete -- 7.3.1 Pumping wet-mix shotcrete: High initial air content -- 7.3.2 Pumping wet-mix shotcrete: Effect of paste content and mixture design -- 7.3.3 Placing wet-mix shotcrete -- 7.3.4 Set accelerator dosage -- 7.4 Shotcrete placement -- 7.4.1 Encapsulation of reinforcement -- 7.4.2 Encapsulation quality and structural performance -- 7.4.3 Shotcrete placement - spray -- 7.4.3.1 Effect of nozzle type on spray performances in wet-mix shotcrete -- 7.4.3.2 Nozzle design -- 7.5 Development and assessment of a high slag shotcrete mix -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Shotcrete equipment -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Dry-mix shotcrete.
8.2.1 Conveying material through the hose -- 8.2.2 Water addition -- 8.2.3 Dry-mix shotcrete nozzle -- 8.3 Wet-mix shotcrete -- 8.3.1 Pump -- 8.3.2 Reducers and hoses -- 8.3.3 Nozzle -- 8.3.4 The use of accelerators -- References -- Chapter 9: Shotcrete application -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Surface preparation -- 9.2.1 Bonding agents -- 9.3 Formwork and scaffolding -- 9.4 Reinforcement -- 9.4.1 Welded wire mesh -- 9.4.2 Reinforcing steel bars -- 9.4.3 Fibre reinforcement -- 9.4.4 Expanded metal lath -- 9.4.5 Glass fibre reinforcement -- 9.5 Anchors -- 9.6 Alignment control and tolerance -- 9.6.1 Shooting wires -- 9.6.2 Guide strips -- 9.6.3 Curved surfaces -- 9.6.4 Depth gauges and depth probes -- 9.7 Joints -- 9.7.1 Joints between layers of shotcrete -- 9.7.2 Construction joints -- 9.7.3 Shrinkage crack control joints -- 9.7.4 Architectural reveals -- 9.8 Protection of adjacent surfaces -- 9.9 Shotcrete crew -- 9.9.1 Nozzleman -- 9.9.2 Nozzleman's assistant and blowpipe operator -- 9.9.3 Finishers and labourers -- 9.9.4 Shotcrete supply equipment operators -- 9.10 Shotcrete placement -- 9.10.1 Bench shooting -- 9.10.2 Layer shooting -- 9.10.3 Shooting technique -- 9.10.4 Encasing reinforcing steel and embedments -- 9.10.5 Hybrid shotcrete -- 9.11 Finishing -- 9.12 Protection and curing -- References -- Part II: Shotcrete uses and case histories -- Chapter 10: Buildings and structures -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Structural shotcrete walls and other elements -- 10.3 Mass shotcrete -- 10.4 Seismic retrofit with structural shotcrete -- 10.4.1 Historic Masonry Building Seismic Retrofit, Vancouver, British Columbia -- 10.4.2 Heritage stone masonry buildings -- 10.4.3 Sports stadium seismic retrofit -- 10.4.4 Immersed tube tunnel seismic retrofit -- 10.4.5 Littlerock Dam, California Seismic Retrofit -- 10.5 Domes -- 10.6 Prestressed water tanks.
10.7 Bobsleigh/luge tracks -- 10.8 Skate parks -- References -- Chapter 11: Infrastructure repair and rehabilitation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Shotcrete repair publications -- 11.3 Causes of the need for repair -- 11.4 Preparation of substrate surfaces -- 11.5 Performance parameters for shotcrete repair systems -- 11.6 Shotcrete materials, mixture proportions and supply -- 11.7 Shotcrete application and finishing -- 11.8 Curing and protection -- 11.9 Examples of shotcrete repair and rehabilitation of infrastructure -- 11.9.1 Bridges and highway infrastructure -- 11.9.1.1 Ministry of Transportation Quebec (MTQ) and City of Montreal -- 11.9.1.2 Ministry of Transportation Ontario (MTO) -- 11.9.1.3 Alberta bridge repairs -- 11.9.1.4 Oregon City Arch Bridge -- 11.9.2 Marine structures -- 11.9.2.1 Canada Place, Vancouver Harbour, British Columbia -- 11.9.2.2 Port of Saint John, New Brunswick -- 11.9.2.3 Haut-Fond Prince Lighthouse, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec -- 11.9.2.4 Stanley Park Seawall, Vancouver, British Columbia -- 11.9.3 Dams and hydraulic structures -- 11.9.3.1 Jordan River Dam, Vancouver Island, British Columbia -- 11.9.3.2 Wachusett Aqueduct, Massachusetts -- 11.9.3.3 Ruskin Dam, British Columbia, Seismic Retrofit -- 11.9.4 Miscellaneous shotcrete repairs/retrofit -- 11.9.4.1 Prince Rupert Grain Silos -- 11.9.4.2 Historic Masonry Building Seismic Retrofit, Vancouver, British Columbia -- 11.9.4.3 Rehabilitation of Historic High-Rise Building, Vancouver, British Columbia -- References -- Chapter 12: Ground support and shoring -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Earth and rock slope stabilization -- 12.3 Stabilizing excavations -- 12.4 Underpinning buildings and structures -- 12.5 Soil nailing -- 12.6 Cut and cover tunnels -- 12.7 Stabilizing mountain slopes and bluffs -- 12.8 Stabilizing creeks -- References.
Chapter 13: Underground support in tunnels -- 13.1 Reference material -- 13.1.1 Engineering Foundation (US) and Engineering Conferences International Shotcrete Conferences -- 13.1.2 Norwegian Concrete Association Shotcrete Symposia -- 13.1.3 Australian Shotcrete Conferences -- 13.1.4 International Tunneling Association -- 13.1.5 Other reference sources -- 13.2 Introduction -- 13.3 New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) -- 13.4 Norwegian Method of Tunneling (NMT) -- 13.5 Rocky mountain railway tunnels -- 13.6 Stave falls hydropower pressure tunnels -- References -- Chapter 14: Shotcrete in mining -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Case history examples of shotcrete use in mines -- 14.2.1 Vale Inco Mines in Canada -- 14.2.2 Northparkes E26 Mine, Australia -- 14.2.3 Cadia East Mine, Australia -- 14.3 Shotcreting in cold conditions in mines -- 14.4 Shaft lining with shotcrete -- 14.4.1 Remote-control shotcrete shaft lining in Australia -- 14.4.2 Hand-applied shaft lining of South Deep Mine Shaft Randfontein South Africa -- 14.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 15: Swimming pools and spas -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Mixture designs for pools -- 15.3 Watertightness -- 15.4 Cold joints -- 15.5 Examples of shotcrete swimming pools -- 15.5.1 Vanishing edge residential pool, Woodbury, Connecticut, USA -- 15.5.2 Mountain pool, North Carolina, USA -- 15.5.3 Competition pool, Connecticut, USA -- References -- Chapter 16: Architectural shotcrete -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Artificial rockscapes -- 16.3 Zoo exhibits -- 16.3.1 Elephant lands, Oregon Zoo -- 16.3.2 Asia Quest at Columbus Zoo and Aquarium -- 16.3.3 Mayan Empire Exhibits, Jacksonville and Palm Beach Zoos, Florida -- 16.4 Water features -- 16.4.1 Mirage Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas -- 16.5 Domes and shells -- 16.5.1 Architectural shells -- 16.5.2 Architectural domes -- 16.6 Buildings and structures.
16.6.1 Goetheanum.
Summary: This comprehensive textbook covers current state-of-the-art shotcrete technology. It provides an overview of the many and various uses of shotcrete. It includes chapters with case histories on shotcrete materials and mixture proportioning, performance, shotcrete research, equipment and shotcrete application.
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Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Authors -- Part I: History, material, performances, research and development, equipment and applications -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2: Shotcrete definitions and terminology -- 2.1 What is shotcrete? -- 2.2 Shotcrete processes -- 2.3 Shotcrete terminology -- References -- Chapter 3: History of shotcrete -- 3.1 The invention -- 3.2 The first 50 years -- 3.3 The next 50 years -- 3.3.1 Wet-mix shotcrete -- 3.3.2 Steel fibre -- 3.3.3 Silica fume -- 3.3.4 Synthetic fibre -- 3.3.5 Chemical admixtures -- 3.4 Shotcrete quality -- 3.5 Shotcrete research and development -- References -- Chapter 4: Shotcrete materials -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Cement -- 4.3 Supplementary cementing materials -- 4.3.1 Fly ash -- 4.3.2 Silica fume -- 4.3.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag -- 4.3.4 Natural pozzolans -- 4.4 Aggregates -- 4.4.1 Grading requirements -- 4.4.2 Aggregate durability -- 4.5 Chemical admixtures -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Dry-mix shotcrete admixtures -- 4.5.2.1 Water reducers -- 4.5.2.2 Air entrainment -- 4.5.2.3 Accelerators -- 4.5.3 Wet-mix shotcrete admixtures -- 4.5.3.1 Water reducers -- 4.5.3.2 Retarders and hydration-controlling admixtures -- 4.5.3.3 Set accelerators -- 4.5.3.4 Air-entraining admixtures -- 4.5.3.5 Other admixtures -- 4.6 Fibres -- 4.6.1 Introduction -- 4.6.2 Macrofibres -- 4.6.2.1 Steel fibres -- 4.6.2.2 Synthetic fibres -- 4.6.3 Microfibres -- 4.6.3.1 Synthetic fibres -- 4.6.3.2 Natural fibres -- 4.7 Water -- References -- Chapter 5: Shotcrete mixture proportioning -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Wet-mix shotcrete proportioning -- 5.2.1 Basics -- 5.2.2 Wet-mix shotcrete mixture design -- 5.2.2.1 Structural shotcrete mix design for parking structure.

5.2.2.2 Shotcrete mix design for underground support in mine -- 5.3 Dry-mix shotcrete proportioning -- 5.3.1 Basics -- 5.3.2 Dry-mix shotcrete mixture design -- References -- Chapter 6: Shotcrete performance requirements -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Workability -- 6.3 Air content -- 6.4 Rebound -- 6.5 Setting time -- 6.6 Early-age compressive strength -- 6.7 Later-age compressive strength -- 6.8 Flexural strength -- 6.9 Flexural toughness -- 6.10 Bond strength -- 6.11 Shrinkage and cracking -- 6.12 Freeze-thaw durability -- 6.12.1 Wet-mix shotcrete freeze-thaw durability -- 6.12.2 Dry-mix shotcrete freeze-thaw durability -- 6.13 Durability -- 6.13.1 Introduction -- 6.14 Transport properties -- 6.14.1 Introduction -- 6.14.2 Shotcrete transport properties study at Laval University -- 6.14.3 Shotcrete transport properties study by Zhang et al. -- 6.14.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Shotcrete research and development -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Dry-mix shotcrete -- 7.2.1 Use of set accelerators -- 7.2.2 Use of powdered air-entraining admixture -- 7.2.3 Improving shotcrete quality and reducing rebound -- 7.2.3.1 Aggregate size distribution -- 7.2.3.2 Rebound and non-traditional materials -- 7.3 Wet-mix shotcrete -- 7.3.1 Pumping wet-mix shotcrete: High initial air content -- 7.3.2 Pumping wet-mix shotcrete: Effect of paste content and mixture design -- 7.3.3 Placing wet-mix shotcrete -- 7.3.4 Set accelerator dosage -- 7.4 Shotcrete placement -- 7.4.1 Encapsulation of reinforcement -- 7.4.2 Encapsulation quality and structural performance -- 7.4.3 Shotcrete placement - spray -- 7.4.3.1 Effect of nozzle type on spray performances in wet-mix shotcrete -- 7.4.3.2 Nozzle design -- 7.5 Development and assessment of a high slag shotcrete mix -- 7.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Shotcrete equipment -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Dry-mix shotcrete.

8.2.1 Conveying material through the hose -- 8.2.2 Water addition -- 8.2.3 Dry-mix shotcrete nozzle -- 8.3 Wet-mix shotcrete -- 8.3.1 Pump -- 8.3.2 Reducers and hoses -- 8.3.3 Nozzle -- 8.3.4 The use of accelerators -- References -- Chapter 9: Shotcrete application -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Surface preparation -- 9.2.1 Bonding agents -- 9.3 Formwork and scaffolding -- 9.4 Reinforcement -- 9.4.1 Welded wire mesh -- 9.4.2 Reinforcing steel bars -- 9.4.3 Fibre reinforcement -- 9.4.4 Expanded metal lath -- 9.4.5 Glass fibre reinforcement -- 9.5 Anchors -- 9.6 Alignment control and tolerance -- 9.6.1 Shooting wires -- 9.6.2 Guide strips -- 9.6.3 Curved surfaces -- 9.6.4 Depth gauges and depth probes -- 9.7 Joints -- 9.7.1 Joints between layers of shotcrete -- 9.7.2 Construction joints -- 9.7.3 Shrinkage crack control joints -- 9.7.4 Architectural reveals -- 9.8 Protection of adjacent surfaces -- 9.9 Shotcrete crew -- 9.9.1 Nozzleman -- 9.9.2 Nozzleman's assistant and blowpipe operator -- 9.9.3 Finishers and labourers -- 9.9.4 Shotcrete supply equipment operators -- 9.10 Shotcrete placement -- 9.10.1 Bench shooting -- 9.10.2 Layer shooting -- 9.10.3 Shooting technique -- 9.10.4 Encasing reinforcing steel and embedments -- 9.10.5 Hybrid shotcrete -- 9.11 Finishing -- 9.12 Protection and curing -- References -- Part II: Shotcrete uses and case histories -- Chapter 10: Buildings and structures -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Structural shotcrete walls and other elements -- 10.3 Mass shotcrete -- 10.4 Seismic retrofit with structural shotcrete -- 10.4.1 Historic Masonry Building Seismic Retrofit, Vancouver, British Columbia -- 10.4.2 Heritage stone masonry buildings -- 10.4.3 Sports stadium seismic retrofit -- 10.4.4 Immersed tube tunnel seismic retrofit -- 10.4.5 Littlerock Dam, California Seismic Retrofit -- 10.5 Domes -- 10.6 Prestressed water tanks.

10.7 Bobsleigh/luge tracks -- 10.8 Skate parks -- References -- Chapter 11: Infrastructure repair and rehabilitation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Shotcrete repair publications -- 11.3 Causes of the need for repair -- 11.4 Preparation of substrate surfaces -- 11.5 Performance parameters for shotcrete repair systems -- 11.6 Shotcrete materials, mixture proportions and supply -- 11.7 Shotcrete application and finishing -- 11.8 Curing and protection -- 11.9 Examples of shotcrete repair and rehabilitation of infrastructure -- 11.9.1 Bridges and highway infrastructure -- 11.9.1.1 Ministry of Transportation Quebec (MTQ) and City of Montreal -- 11.9.1.2 Ministry of Transportation Ontario (MTO) -- 11.9.1.3 Alberta bridge repairs -- 11.9.1.4 Oregon City Arch Bridge -- 11.9.2 Marine structures -- 11.9.2.1 Canada Place, Vancouver Harbour, British Columbia -- 11.9.2.2 Port of Saint John, New Brunswick -- 11.9.2.3 Haut-Fond Prince Lighthouse, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec -- 11.9.2.4 Stanley Park Seawall, Vancouver, British Columbia -- 11.9.3 Dams and hydraulic structures -- 11.9.3.1 Jordan River Dam, Vancouver Island, British Columbia -- 11.9.3.2 Wachusett Aqueduct, Massachusetts -- 11.9.3.3 Ruskin Dam, British Columbia, Seismic Retrofit -- 11.9.4 Miscellaneous shotcrete repairs/retrofit -- 11.9.4.1 Prince Rupert Grain Silos -- 11.9.4.2 Historic Masonry Building Seismic Retrofit, Vancouver, British Columbia -- 11.9.4.3 Rehabilitation of Historic High-Rise Building, Vancouver, British Columbia -- References -- Chapter 12: Ground support and shoring -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Earth and rock slope stabilization -- 12.3 Stabilizing excavations -- 12.4 Underpinning buildings and structures -- 12.5 Soil nailing -- 12.6 Cut and cover tunnels -- 12.7 Stabilizing mountain slopes and bluffs -- 12.8 Stabilizing creeks -- References.

Chapter 13: Underground support in tunnels -- 13.1 Reference material -- 13.1.1 Engineering Foundation (US) and Engineering Conferences International Shotcrete Conferences -- 13.1.2 Norwegian Concrete Association Shotcrete Symposia -- 13.1.3 Australian Shotcrete Conferences -- 13.1.4 International Tunneling Association -- 13.1.5 Other reference sources -- 13.2 Introduction -- 13.3 New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) -- 13.4 Norwegian Method of Tunneling (NMT) -- 13.5 Rocky mountain railway tunnels -- 13.6 Stave falls hydropower pressure tunnels -- References -- Chapter 14: Shotcrete in mining -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Case history examples of shotcrete use in mines -- 14.2.1 Vale Inco Mines in Canada -- 14.2.2 Northparkes E26 Mine, Australia -- 14.2.3 Cadia East Mine, Australia -- 14.3 Shotcreting in cold conditions in mines -- 14.4 Shaft lining with shotcrete -- 14.4.1 Remote-control shotcrete shaft lining in Australia -- 14.4.2 Hand-applied shaft lining of South Deep Mine Shaft Randfontein South Africa -- 14.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 15: Swimming pools and spas -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Mixture designs for pools -- 15.3 Watertightness -- 15.4 Cold joints -- 15.5 Examples of shotcrete swimming pools -- 15.5.1 Vanishing edge residential pool, Woodbury, Connecticut, USA -- 15.5.2 Mountain pool, North Carolina, USA -- 15.5.3 Competition pool, Connecticut, USA -- References -- Chapter 16: Architectural shotcrete -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Artificial rockscapes -- 16.3 Zoo exhibits -- 16.3.1 Elephant lands, Oregon Zoo -- 16.3.2 Asia Quest at Columbus Zoo and Aquarium -- 16.3.3 Mayan Empire Exhibits, Jacksonville and Palm Beach Zoos, Florida -- 16.4 Water features -- 16.4.1 Mirage Hotel and Casino, Las Vegas -- 16.5 Domes and shells -- 16.5.1 Architectural shells -- 16.5.2 Architectural domes -- 16.6 Buildings and structures.

16.6.1 Goetheanum.

This comprehensive textbook covers current state-of-the-art shotcrete technology. It provides an overview of the many and various uses of shotcrete. It includes chapters with case histories on shotcrete materials and mixture proportioning, performance, shotcrete research, equipment and shotcrete application.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.

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