Malleable Brain : Benefits and Harm from Plasticity of the Brain.

Intro -- THE MALLEABLE BRAIN:BENEFITS AND HARM FROMPLASTICITY OF THE BRAIN -- THE MALLEABLE BRAIN: BENEFITS AND HARM FROM PLASTICITY OF THE BRAIN -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- VITAL FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAINAND THE SPINAL CORD -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE BRAINAND THE SPINAL CORD -- 3. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM -- 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD -- 5. THE BRAIN -- REFERENCES -- NEURAL PLASTICITY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NATURE OF PLASTIC CHANGES -- 2.1. Plastic Changes in the Way Synapses Function -- 2.2. Neural Plasticity and Memory -- 2.3. Reorganization of the Central Nervous System -- 2.4. Redirection of Information through Neural Plasticity -- 2.5. Cross-modal Interaction -- 2.6. Topographic and Computational Maps -- 3. HOW MAY NEURAL PLASTICITY BE TURNED ON? -- 3.1. Neural Plasticity Turned on by Artificial Means -- 4. CHANGES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD -- REFERENCES -- BENEFICIAL NEURAL PLASTICITY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. REHABILITATION AFTER INJURYTO THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD -- 2.1. Replacement of the Functions of Damaged Parts of the Brain -- 3. ADAPTATION TO ALTERED DEMANDS -- 3.1. Adapting to the Use of Prostheses -- 4. THE IMPORTANCE OF NEURAL PLASTICITYFOR MATURATION OF THE BRAIN -- 4.1. Childhood Development -- 4.2. "Midcourse Correction" of Anatomical Organization and Function -- 4.3. Cause of Developmental Diseases -- 4.4. Plastic Changes Later in Childhood -- 4.5. Re-Organization of the Nerve Cells in the Brain in Children Born Deaf -- 5. HOW CAN BENEFICIAL PLASTICITY BE ACTIVATED? -- 6. LIMITATIONS IN THE BENEFITS FROM PLASTIC CHANGES -- 6.1. Redundancy -- 6.2. Systems that are Not Needed for (Nearly) Normal Function -- 6.3. Reserves -- 7. REFERENCES -- PLASTICITY DISEASES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION.

2.WHAT ARE PLASTICITY DISEASES? -- 2.1. How do We Usually Study Diseases? -- 2.2. How do Patients and their Physicians Perceive Symptoms of PlasticityDisease? -- 2.3. Names of Diseases are Important -- 2.4. What Causes the Symptoms and Signs of Plasticity Diseases? -- 2.5. Many Structures are Involved in Plasticity Diseases -- 3. PAIN -- 3.1. Cause of Pain -- 3.2. There are Many Kinds of Pain -- 3.3. Different Causes of Pain -- 3.4. Neuralgias -- 3.5. Lower Back Pain -- 3.6. Other Forms of Back Pain -- 3.7. Repetitive Stress Injury -- 3.8. Pain Diseases related to the Sympathetic Nervous System -- 3.9. Muscle Pain -- 3.10. Cranial Nerve Root Compression Disorders -- 4. CENTRAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN -- 4.1. Incidence of Central Pain -- 4.2. Abnormal Sensations in Central Neuropathic Pain -- 4.3. A Patient with Pain -- 4.4. Causes of Central Neuropathic Pain -- 5. PHANTOM LIMB SENSATIONS -- 5.1. Cause of Phantom Limb Symptoms -- 6. PEOPLE'S DESCRIPTION OF THEIR PAIN -- 6.1. Perception of Pain is Individual -- 6.2. Reactions to Pain -- 6.3. Altered Perception of other Sensations -- 6.4. Assessment of the Severity of Pain -- 6.5. Tolerance to Pain -- 6.6. Development of the Experience of Pain -- 7. TINNITUS -- 7.1. There are Many Forms of Subjective Tinnitus -- 7.2. Prevalence of Tinnitus -- 7.3. Tinnitus as a Sign of Ailment -- 7.4. Causes of Tinnitus -- 7.5. What Changes in the Hearing Nervous System can Cause Tinnitus? -- 7.6. What Causes Tinnitus? -- 8. DISEASES OF HEARING AND BALANCE -- 8.1. Balance Diseases (Dizziness) -- 8.2. Ménière's Disease -- 9. THE ROLE OF NEURAL PLASTICITYIN MOVEMENT DISEASES -- 9.1. Muscle Spasm and Spasticity -- 9.2. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury -- 9.3. Disorders of Basal Ganglia -- 10. THE ROLE OF NEURAL PLASTICITYIN AFFECTIVE DISEASES -- 11. CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT GOING WRONG:DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES -- 12. ADDICTION.

13.WHAT CAUSES PLASTICITY DISEASES? -- 13.1. Making a Diagnosis -- 13.2. When Does a Disease Start? -- REFERENCES -- TREATMENT OF PLASTICITY DISEASES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DIAGNOSIS OF PLASTICITY DISEASES -- 3. TREATMENT OF PAIN -- 3.1. Medications for Treatment of Acute Pain -- 3.2. Treatment of Chronic Pain -- 3.3. Treatment of Central Neuropathic Pain -- 3.4. Treatment of Neuralgia -- 3.5. Treatment of Lower Back Pain -- 3.6. Local Treatment -- 3.7. Treatment of Sympathetic Maintained Pain (SMP) -- 3.8. Treatment of Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain -- 3.9. Prevention -- 4. TREATMENT OF MOVEMENT DISEASES -- 4.1. Physiotherapy -- 5. TREATMENT OF SEVERE TINNITUS -- 5.1. Why Did Mrs. Jones Not Find Help for her Tinnitus? -- 5.2. Medications -- 5.3. Surgery -- 5.4. Electrical Stimulation of the Skin -- 5.5. Sound -- 5.6. Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants -- 5.7. Electrical Stimulation of the Brain -- 5.8. Prevention of Tinnitus -- 6. TREATMENT OF CRANIAL NERVE DISORDERS -- 6.1. Surgical Treatment -- 6.2. Medical Treatment -- 7. TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION AND DEMENTIA -- 7.1. Depression -- 7.2. Dementia -- 8. FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN TREATINGPLASTICITY DISEASES -- 8.1. Plasticity Diseases Affect a String of Structures -- 8.2. At which Structures should Treatment of Plasticity Diseases beAimed? -- 8.3. Similarities with other Diseases -- 8.4. Treatment of Diseases Caused by Errors in "Midcourse Correction" -- 8.5. Placebo Effect -- 8.6. Testing Patients with Different Forms of a Disease -- 8.7. Assessing the Results of Treatment -- 8.8. How Can Better Treatments be Developed? -- 8.9. How to Get Rid of Assumptions about Cause of Diseases? -- REFERENCES -- IS NEURAL PLASTICITY PURPOSEFULAND BENEFICIAL OR NOT? -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PURPOSIVENESS -- 2.1. Purposefulness and Benefit from Activation of Neural Plasticity.

2.2. Purposive and Beneficial Plasticity -- 3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM(BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD) -- 4. PAIN -- 5. MISTAKES BY NATURE -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX A -- 1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE PAIN -- 1.1. Pain Receptors -- 1.2. Anatomy of the Pain Nervous System -- 1.3. Pain Signals Reach Many Parts of the Brain -- 1.4. Modulation of Pain -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX B -- 1. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF HEARING -- 1.1. The Ear -- 1.2. Hearing Pathways -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX C -- 1. AUTISM SPECTRUM DISEASES -- 1.1. Symptoms and Signs -- 1.2. High Performance Autistic Individuals -- 1.3. Prevalence of Autism -- 2. ANATOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL ABNORMALITIES -- 2.1. Anatomical Abnormalities -- 2.2. Abnormalities in Sensory Systems -- 2.3. Faults in the Immune System -- 2.4. Environmental Factors -- 3. CAUSE OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISEASES -- 3.1. Preservatives in Vaccines -- 3.2. Faults in Development of the Brain after Birth -- 3.3. Causes of Fault in the Development of the Brain after Birth -- 4. REFERENCES -- GLOSSARY -- INDEX.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.