Canadian Woods : Their Properties and Uses.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 1 Canada: A Forest Nation -- THE FORESTS OF CANADA -- THE FOREST: A COMPLEX COMMUNITY -- THE HARVESTING OF FOREST PRODUCTS -- THE RENEWABLE RESOURCE -- REFERENCES -- 2 Commercial Woods -- SOFTWOODS (CONIFEROUS SPECIES) -- HARDWOODS (DECIDUOUS SPECIES) -- REFERENCE -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 3 The Structure of Wood -- TREE GROWTH -- Growth in Height -- Growth in Diameter -- CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD -- Sapwood and Heartwood -- Grain, Texture, and Figure -- Color and Luster -- Odor and Taste -- STRUCTURE OF WOOD -- Softwoods -- Hardwoods -- CELL-WALL STRUCTURE -- Primary Wall -- S[sub(1)] Layer -- S[sub(2)] Layer -- S[sub(3)] Layer -- Microfibrils -- Water and Shrinkage -- Pits -- NATURAL DEFECTS AND ABNORMALITIES -- Knots -- Pitch Streaks and Pockets -- Cross Grain -- Shakes and Checks -- Brash Wood -- Reaction Wood -- VARIABILITY IN WOOD OF THE SAME SPECIES -- Variation between Trees -- Variation within Trees -- IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD SAMPLES -- Key for Microscopic Identification of Woods Commonly Used in Canada -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 4 Strength and Physical Properties of Wood -- FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRENGTH OF WOOD -- Density and Relative Density -- Moisture Content -- STRENGTH-REDUCING CHARACTERISTICS -- Knots -- Slope of Grain -- Shakes and Checks -- Decay -- Aging -- Reaction Wood -- STRENGTH OF WOOD COMPONENTS IN STRUCTURES -- Species Groups -- Allowable Unit Stresses -- Machine Stress Rating -- Preservative and Fire-Retardant Treatments -- CREEP AND RELAXATION -- STRENGTH OF JOINTS -- Nails -- Wood Screws -- Lag Screws -- Toothed Plate Connectors -- Split Rings and Shear Plates -- Glulam Rivets -- Bolts -- Adhesive Joints -- POLES AND PILING -- PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD -- Acoustical Properties -- Electrical Properties -- Thermal Properties -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX -- 5 The Chemistry of Wood.

THE COMPONENTS OF WOOD -- Cellulose -- Hemicelluloses -- Lignin -- Extractives -- Bark -- Foliage -- APPLICATIONS OF WOOD CHEMISTRY -- Pulping -- Stains on Wood Products -- Chemical Identification of Species -- Bleed-through -- Utilization of Sawdust and Bark -- WOOD CHEMICALS AND CHEMICAL BYPRODUCTS -- Cellulose and Its Derivatives -- Charcoal -- Wood Resin -- Maple Sap Products -- Saccharification of Wood -- Food and Food Supplements -- Vanillin -- Essential Oils -- Other Chemicals from Foliage -- Bark Tannins -- Fuel -- THE FUTURE OF WOOD CHEMICALS -- Pyrolysis -- Hydrogenation -- Hydrolysis -- REFERENCES -- 6 Lumber Production -- HISTORY -- LUMBER MANUFACTURE -- Log Quality and Allocation -- Basic Steps in Lumber Manufacture -- Sawing Methods -- Saws -- Headrigs -- Secondary Sawmilling Machines -- Planing Lumber -- HARDWOOD LUMBER -- Grading Rules -- Dimension Parts -- SOFTWOOD LUMBER -- Grading Rules -- Species -- Species Groups -- Lumber Sizes -- Surfacing -- MARKETING -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 7 The Drying of Wood -- INTRODUCTION -- The Purpose of Drying Wood -- National Standards -- THEORY -- Anatomical Considerations -- Moisture in Wood -- How Wood Dries -- DRYING DEFECTS AND THEIR CAUSES -- Shrinkage -- Other Properties -- Case Hardening -- Collapse -- Checking and Splitting -- Internal Checking -- Cupping and Roller Check -- Anatomy-Based Defects -- Chemical Stains -- Fungal Stains -- COMMERCIAL LUMBER DRYING -- Stacking -- Lumber Segregation -- Air Drying -- Forced-Air Drying -- Kiln Drying -- Special Drying Techniques -- Determination of Moisture Content -- REFERENCES -- 8 Wood Protection -- PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENTS FOR WOOD -- Requirements of Wood Finishes -- Wood-Finishing Systems -- Exterior Finishing -- Interior Finishing -- Furniture Finishing -- Future Developments in Wood Finishes.

WOOD-STABILIZATION TECHNIQUES -- DECAY AND STAIN IN WOOD -- Growth of Fungi -- Characteristics of Mold, Sap Stain, and Decay -- Treatments to Control Stain and Decay -- PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT OF WOOD -- Testing New Preservatives -- Wood Preservatives -- Oil-Borne Preservatives -- Water-Borne Preservatives -- Supplementary Treatments -- TREATING PROCESSES -- Conditioning Timber for Treatment -- Nonpressure Processes -- Pressure Processes -- Special Processes -- Treatments for Primary Wood Products -- Trends in Preservation -- FIRE PROTECTION -- How Wood Burns -- Fire Retardants -- Properties of Fire-Retardant-Treated Wood -- Measures of Fire Protection -- DEGRADATION BY INSECTS AND MARINE BORERS -- Damage and Control of Insect Attacks on Unseasoned Wood -- Damage and Control of Insect Attacks on Seasoned Wood -- Marine Borer Attacks and Their Control -- Control of Insects in the Export Market -- Future Trends in Wood Entomology -- REFERENCES -- 9 Glues and Gluing -- HOW ADHESIVES FUNCTION -- The Solvent-Escape Mechanism -- The Emulsion Mechanism -- The Hot-Melt Mechanism -- The Chemical-Setting Mechanism -- ADHESIVES USED IN THE WOOD-PRODUCTS INDUSTRY -- Resorcinol-Formaldehyde -- Phenol-Formaldehyde -- Melamine-Formaldehyde -- Urea-Formaldehyde -- Casein -- White Glue -- Catalyzed PVA -- Hot Melts -- Isocyanates -- Mastic Adhesives -- GLUING PROCESSES -- Cold-Clamp Gluing -- Cold-Press Gluing -- Hot-Press Gluing -- Continuous Hot-Press Gluing -- Panel-flo Gluing -- Radio-frequency Gluing -- Crowder-Press Gluing -- Roll Laminating -- Process Summary -- GLUE APPLICATION -- GLUE LINE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY -- Conditions of End Use -- How Glue Lines Fail -- The Role of Wood Failure in Durability -- GLUE LINE QUALITY CONTROL -- Softwood Plywood -- Hardwood Plywood -- Laminated Timbers -- Waferboard -- Medium-Density Fiberboard.

SUMMARY OF GLUE LINE DURABILITY -- NEW PRODUCTS -- REFERENCES -- 10 Panel Products -- THE PANEL PRODUCTS -- Plywood -- Waferboard -- Particleboard -- Medium-Density Fiberboard -- Thinboard -- The Fiberboards -- Composites -- Gypsumboard -- HOW PANEL PRODUCTS ARE USED -- Roof Sheathing -- Wall Sheathing -- Finish Cladding -- Interior Finish -- Floors -- Cabinets -- Doors -- Concrete Formwork -- Preserved Wood Foundations -- Other Uses -- THE MARKETPLACE -- REFERENCES -- 11 Houses and Structures -- NATIONAL BUILDING CODE -- CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS -- Materials of Construction -- House Framing Systems -- Factory Fabrication -- Roof Styles -- Rural Buildings -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HOUSING CONSTRUCTION -- Prefabrication and Industrialization -- Modular Construction -- Mobile Homes -- Preserved Wood Foundations -- HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION -- Solid-Sawn Lumber -- Glued-Laminated Lumber -- Fire Resistance -- DESIGN OF TIMBER STRUCTURES -- Allowable Unit Stress -- Load Sharing -- Connections -- Loads -- Design Methods -- Limit States Design -- Finite Element Methods -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 12 Other Uses and Processes -- FURNITURE -- COFFINS AND CASKETS -- WOODCARVING -- WOOD TURNINGS -- MILLWORK -- BENTWOOD -- SPORTING GOODS -- Hockey Sticks -- Baseball Bats -- Bowling Pins -- Lacrosse Sticks -- Other Sports Products -- HARDWOOD FLOORING -- BOATS -- COOPERAGE -- BOXES AND CONTAINERS -- PALLETS -- SHINGLES AND SHAKES -- BROOMS, BRUSHES, AND MOPS -- WOODEN MATCHES -- LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER -- REFERENCES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 13 Pulp and Paper -- PULPING AND BLEACHING PROCESSES -- Pulping -- Chemical Pulping Methods -- Semichemical Pulping Methods -- Mechanical Pulping Methods -- Miscellaneous Pulping Methods -- Bleaching -- Brightening -- PULP CONVERSION -- PAPER AND PAPERBOARD MANUFACTURE -- Machines -- Materials -- Products -- FUTURE TRENDS IN PULP AND PAPER.

Raw Materials -- Processing -- Pulp and Paper Manufacture -- Pulp and Paper Products -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 14 Residues -- FOREST RESIDUES -- Merchantable Components -- Unmerchantable Components -- Logging Residue -- MANUFACTURING RESIDUES -- Lumber -- Veneer and Plywood -- Shingles and Shakes -- Pulp and Paper -- Secondary Wood Industries -- SUMMARY OF RESIDUE VOLUMES -- USES OF RESIDUES -- Bark -- Sawdust and Shavings -- Pulp Chips and Chippable Residue -- Veneer Log Cores -- Veneer and Plywood Trims -- Sander Dust -- Pulping Residues -- TRENDS IN THE USE OF RESIDUES -- REFERENCES -- 15 Codes and Standards -- THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CODES AND STANDARDS -- DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF CODES AND STANDARDS -- Codes -- Standards -- STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS -- The National Standards System -- Canadian Standards Association -- Canadian General Standards Board -- Underwriters' Laboratories of Canada -- International Organization for Standardization -- American Society for Testing and Materials -- STANDARDS RELATED TO WOOD -- Acceptance (Certification) of Wood Materials -- REFERENCE -- ADDITIONAL SOURCES -- 16 The Future of Wood -- PREDICTIONS FOR FUTURE USES OF WOOD -- FROM 1900 TO THE PRESENT -- PRODUCT TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS -- THE CHALLENGES AHEAD -- MEETING THE CHALLENGES -- REFERENCES -- GLOSSARY -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.

Lavishly illustrated with moer than 280 photographs and drawings, the newly revised Canadian Woodsis an essential reference for students and practitioners in the forest professions and in primary and secondary forest industries.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.